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[[migrating-from-ol-versions]]
== Migrating from older Buildroot versions

Some versions have introduced backward incompatibilities. This section
explains those incompatibilities, and for each explains what to do to
complete the migration.

[[migrating-approach]]
=== General approach

To migrate from an older Buildroot version, take the following steps.

. For all your configurations, do a build in the old Buildroot
  environment. Run +make graph-size+. Save
  +graphs/file-size-stats.csv+ in a different location. Run +make
  clean+ to remove the rest.
. Review the specific migration notes below and make the required
  adaptations to external packages and custom build scripts.
. Update Buildroot.
. Run +make menuconfig+ starting from the existing +.config+.
. If anything is enabled in the Legacy menu, check its help text,
  unselect it, and save the configuration.
. For more details, review the git commit messages for the packages that
  you need. Change into the +packages+ directory and run
  +git log <old version>.. -- <your packages>+.
. Build in the new Buildroot environment.
. Fix build issues in external packages (usually due to updated
  dependencies).
. Run +make graph-size+.
. Compare the new +file-size-stats.csv+ with the original one, to
  check if no required files have disappeared and if no new big unneeded
  files have appeared.
. For configuration (and other) files in a custom overlay that overwrite
  files created by Buildroot, check if there are changes in the
  Buildroot-generated file that need to be propagated to your custom
  file.

[[br2-external-converting]]
=== Migrating to 2016.11

Before Buildroot 2016.11, it was possible to use only one br2-external
tree at once. With Buildroot 2016.11 came the possibility to use more
than one simultaneously (for details, see xref:outside-br-custom[]).

This however means that older br2-external trees are not usable as-is.
A minor change has to be made: adding a name to your br2-external tree.

This can be done very easily in just a few steps:

 * First, create a new file named +external.desc+, at the root of your
   br2-external tree, with a single line defining the name of your
   br2-external tree:
+
----
$ echo 'name: NAME_OF_YOUR_TREE' >external.desc
----
+
.Note
Be careful when choosing a name: It has to be unique and be made
with only ASCII characters from the set +[A-Za-z0-9_]+.

 * Then, change every occurrence of +BR2_EXTERNAL+ in your br2-external
   tree with the new variable:
+
----
$ find . -type f | xargs sed -i 's/BR2_EXTERNAL/BR2_EXTERNAL_NAME_OF_YOUR_TREE_PATH/g'
----

Now, your br2-external tree can be used with Buildroot 2016.11 onward.

.Note:
This change makes your br2-external tree incompatible with Buildroot
before 2016.11.

[[migrating-host-usr]]
=== Migrating to 2017.08

Before Buildroot 2017.08, host packages were installed in +$(HOST_DIR)/usr+
(with e.g. the autotools' +--prefix=$(HOST_DIR)/usr+). With Buildroot
2017.08, they are now installed directly in +$(HOST_DIR)+.

Whenever a package installs an executable that is linked with a library
in +$(HOST_DIR)/lib+, it must have an RPATH pointing to that directory.

An RPATH pointing to +$(HOST_DIR)/usr/lib+ is no longer accepted.

[[migrating-svn-externals]]
=== Migrating to 2023.11

Before Buildroot 2023.11, the subversion download backend unconditionally
retrieved the external references (objects with an `svn:externals`
property). Starting with 2023.11, externals are no longer retrieved by
default; if you need them, set +LIBFOO_SVN_EXTERNALS+ to +YES+. This
change implies that:

* the generated archive content may change, and thus the hashes may need
  to be updated appropriately;
* the archive version suffix has been updated to +-br3+, so the hash
  files must be updated appropriately.

Before Buildroot 2023.11, it was possible (but undocumented and unused)
to apply architecture-specific patches, by prefixing the patch filename
with the architecture, e.g. `0001-some-changes.patch.arm` and such a
patch would only be applied for that architecture. With Buildroot 2023.11,
this is no longer supported, and such patches are no longer applied at
all.

If you still need per-architecture patches, then you may provide a
xref:hooks[pre-patch hook] that copies the patches applicable to the
configured architecture, e.g.:

----
define LIBFOO_ARCH_PATCHES
    $(foreach p,$(wildcard $(LIBFOO_PKGDIR)/*.patch.$(ARCH)), \
        cp -f $(p) $(patsubst %.$(ARCH),%,$(p))
    )
endef
LIBFOO_PRE_PATCH_HOOKS += LIBFOO_ARCH_PATCHES
----

Note that no package in Buildroot has architecture-specific patches, and
that such patches will most probably not be accepted.

[[migrating-git-attributes]]
=== Migrating to 2024.05

The download backends have been extended in various ways.

* All locally generated tarballs are even more reproducible. Before
  2024.05, it was possible that the access mode of files in the archives
  were not consistent when the download directory has specific ACLs (e.g.
  with the +default+ ACL set). This impacts the archives generated for
  git and subversion repositories, as well as those for vendored cargo
  and go packages.
* The git download backend now properly expands the `export-subst`
  https://git-scm.com/docs/gitattributes[git attribute] when generating
  archives.
* A newer +tar+ version, _1.35_, is required to generate the archives.
  For compatibility reasons, +tar+ 1.35 changes the way it stores some
  fields (`devmajor` and `devminor`), which has an impact in the metadata
  stored in the archives (but the content of files is not affected).

To accommodate those changes, the archive suffix has been updated or
added:

* for git: +-git4+
* for subversion: +-svn5+
* for cargo (rust) packages: +-cargo2+
* for go packages: +-go2+

Note that, if two such prefixes would apply to a generated archive, like
for a cargo package downloaded from git, both suffixes need to be added,
first the one for the download mechanism, then the one for the vendoring,
e.g.: +libfoo-1.2.3-git4-cargo2.tar.gz+.

Because of this, the hash file of any custom packages or custom versions
for kernel and bootloaders must be updated. The following sed scripts can
automate the rename in the hash file (assuming such files are kept under
git):

----
# For git and svn packages, which originally had -br2 resp. -br3 suffix
sed -r -i -e 's/-br2/-git4/; s/-br3/-svn5/' $(
    git grep -l -E -- '-br2|-br3' -- '*.hash'
)

# For go packages, which originally had no suffix
sed -r -i -e 's/(\.tar\.gz)$/-go2\1/' $(
    git grep -l -E '\$\(eval \$\((host-)?golang-package\)\)' -- '*.mk' \
    |sed -r -e 's/\.mk$/.hash/' \
    |sort -u
)

# For cargo packages, which originally had no suffix
sed -r -i -e 's/(\.tar\.gz)$/-cargo2\1/' $(
    git grep -l -E '\$\(eval \$\((host-)?cargo-package\)\)' -- '*.mk' \
    |sed -r -e 's/\.mk$/.hash/' \
    |sort -u
)
----

Note that the hash _will_ have changed, so that needs to be updated
(manually) as well.

[[migrating-mender]]
=== Migrating to 2025.02

Mender now requires a special bootstrap artifact to be placed in
+/var/lib/mender+. This replaces the +artifact_info+ file. Just like a
normal artifact, the bootstrap artifact is generated with
host-mender-artifact. See +board/mender/x86_64/post-image-efi.sh+ for an
example of how to generate the bootstrap.mender file. See 
https://docs.mender.io/release-information/release-notes-changelog/mender-client#mender-3-5-0-1[the
release notes], under features, for more information.

[[migrating-resolv.conf]]
=== Migrating to 2025.05

In 2025.05, for SYS-V-like systems (busybox, sysvinit, openrc), the
`/etc/resolv.conf` symlink was changed to point to `/run/resolv.conf`,
rather than the legacy location in `/tmp`. Users of a custom `fstab`
will need to ensure that `/run` is writable before resolv.conf is
created (usually by a DHCP client), either with an entry for `/run`,
or with a startup script.

Note that systems using systemd are not impacted: systemd always ensures
that `/run` is writable. Systems further using systemd-resolved already
had a `/etc/resolv.conf` that pointed into `/run` anyway.

Due to the update of Rust to a version greater than 1.84.0 making the
Cargo.lock file mandatory and the change from +.cargo/config+ to
+.cargo/config.toml+, tarballs generated by Cargo-fetched packages
have changed. Therefore the suffix of such tarballs has been changed
from +-cargo2+ to +-cargo4+.

[[migrating-systemd]]
=== Migrating to 2025.08

In 2025.08, starting with systemd version 257, systemd-networkd requires kernel
5.4 or later. If you are still using a kernel older than 5.4, please update
your kernel or use an alternative network manager.

[[migrating-golang-packages]]
=== Migrating to 2025.11
In 2025.11, the +FOO_INSTALL_BINS+ variable for golang packages is no longer
supported; the list of binaries to install is automatically derived from
the +FOO_BUILD_TARGETS+ variable.

[[migrating-js-libs]]
=== Migration to 2026.02

Starting 2025.08, JavaScript libraries that were just copied to `/var/www` on
the target filesystem are not part of the Buildroot packages.
If you want to provide such libraries either:

- Use a CDN to target the library version of your choice.
- Serve it by adding the package to your external and installing the content to
  the destination of your choice
- Serve it by adding the library to your overlay.
- Install the libraries from your project with NPM and bundle with a JavaScript
  bundler.

In 2026.02, the network-manager package stopped selecting the gnutls package as
a cryptography backend automatically. Manually enable the gnutls or libnss
package if you require features that depend on a cryptography backend, such as
certificate-based authentication.

[[migrating-to-2026-08]]
=== Migration to 2026.08

In 2026.08, the iwd package stopped installing a custom
+/etc/iwd/main.conf+, and started using the upstream example
instead. With that the +EnableNetworkConfiguration+ setting changed
from +true+ to +false+, in line with upstream defaults. If you need
+EnableNetworkConfiguration=true+ to let +iwd+ handle network
configuration for active wifi connections, adjust +/etc/iwd/main.conf+
in your build (see xref:rootfs-custom[] for options).

Due to the update of Rust to a version greater than 1.96.1 $comment was
added to .cargo-checksum.json to clarify that this file is not a
security mechanism. Tarballs generated by Cargo-fetched packages have
changed, therefore the suffix of such tarballs has been changed from
+-cargo5+ to +-cargo6+.
