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<article class="page">

  <header class="magazine-head">
    <div class="top-bar">
      <div class="left"><span class="badge">№ 01</span><span>复杂系统 · 1972</span></div>
      <div class="right">COMPLEX SYSTEMS / SCIENCE</div>
    </div>
    <h1>单看每一只蚂蚁，<br>都讲不出蚁群</h1>
    <p class="deck">他们以为只要把粒子讲清，整体就讲清了。直到他们发现——粒子是清楚的，整体仍然不清楚。</p>
  </header>

  <!-- 01 feature -->
  <section class="feature">
    <div class="visual">
      <svg viewBox="0 0 480 320" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
        <g fill="none" stroke="#1F1F1F" stroke-width="1.4">
          <circle cx="60" cy="260" r="8"/><circle cx="100" cy="260" r="8"/><circle cx="140" cy="260" r="8"/><circle cx="180" cy="260" r="8"/>
          <text x="100" y="290" font-family="JetBrains Mono" font-size="11" fill="#6B6B6B">原子</text>
          <rect x="60" y="180" width="120" height="40" rx="3"/>
          <text x="100" y="206" font-family="JetBrains Mono" font-size="11" fill="#6B6B6B">分子</text>
          <rect x="40" y="100" width="160" height="50" rx="3"/>
          <text x="92" y="132" font-family="JetBrains Mono" font-size="11" fill="#6B6B6B">物质</text>
          <rect x="20" y="20" width="200" height="50" rx="3"/>
          <text x="80" y="52" font-family="JetBrains Mono" font-size="11" fill="#6B6B6B">万物</text>
          <path d="M120 175 L120 155" stroke-dasharray="3,3"/>
          <path d="M120 95 L120 75" stroke-dasharray="3,3"/>
          <path d="M120 250 L120 230" stroke-dasharray="3,3"/>
        </g>
        <g transform="translate(260,40)">
          <text font-family="Caveat" font-size="22" fill="#B23A2C" transform="rotate(-3)">越往下分，</text>
          <text y="28" font-family="Caveat" font-size="22" fill="#B23A2C" transform="rotate(-3)">越像万能 —</text>
          <text y="80" font-family="Caveat" font-size="22" fill="#B23A2C" transform="rotate(-3)">那蚁群呢？</text>
          <text y="108" font-family="Caveat" font-size="22" fill="#B23A2C" transform="rotate(-3)">那意识呢？</text>
          <path d="M0 130 Q 60 150, 30 200" stroke="#B23A2C" stroke-width="1.5" fill="none" stroke-dasharray="4,3"/>
          <path d="M30 200 L 22 192 M30 200 L 40 195" stroke="#B23A2C" stroke-width="1.5" fill="none"/>
        </g>
      </svg>
    </div>
    <div class="meta">
      <div class="kicker"><span class="num">01</span><span class="rule"></span>起点 · 1950s 还原论的高光</div>
      <h2 class="head-serif">把整体讲清，等于把每一颗粒子讲清吗？</h2>
      <p class="lead">那时的物理学相信——只要往下分，分到底，一切问题都会被解掉。</p>
      <div class="body-sans drop-cap">
        <p>当时的逻辑很直接：水是 H₂O，气体是分子运动，固体是晶格。从原子层往上推，万物都是基础规则的累积。这条路把人类带到了原子弹、晶体管、半导体。<em>它走得越远，越像万能</em>。</p>
        <p>所以下一个问题来得很自然——蚁群、神经网络、市场，也能这样推上去吗？</p>
        <span class="ask">把蚂蚁拆到原子，蚁群就出来了？</span>
      </div>
    </div>
  </section>

  <!-- 02 note -->
  <aside class="note">
    <div class="sidekick">
      <div class="formula">
        整体 = Σ(粒子) ?<br>
        <em>≠ 跑得通</em>
      </div>
      <div class="doodle-caption">「拆到底，蚂蚁还是蚂蚁」</div>
    </div>
    <div class="paper">
      <div class="kicker"><span class="num">02</span>第一次尝试</div>
      <h3 class="head-sans">把蚁群拆到每只蚂蚁</h3>
      <div class="body-serif">
        <p>既然万物都从基础规则累积，蚁群也该这样。把每只蚂蚁的行为讲清，<span class="strike">把它们的行为加起来</span>，就该得到蚁群。</p>
        <p>问题是——每只蚂蚁都不"聪明"。没有任何一只在脑子里装着「蚁群」这个概念。</p>
      </div>
      <div class="footnote"><span class="mark">¹</span><span>蚁群作为整体的"决策"，并不写在任何一只蚂蚁的脑子里。</span></div>
      <div class="scribble">分到底也找不到</div>
    </div>
  </aside>

  <!-- 03 archive -->
  <section class="archive">
    <div class="stamp">
      <div class="label">EX-02</div>
      <div class="x">✕</div>
      <div class="case">Failed</div>
    </div>
    <div class="body-area">
      <div class="kicker"><span>第二次尝试</span></div>
      <h3 class="head-sans">把所有蚂蚁的行为相加</h3>
      <div class="visual">
        <svg viewBox="0 0 720 140" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
          <g fill="none" stroke="#1F1F1F" stroke-width="1.2">
            <g transform="translate(0,30)">
              <circle cx="20" cy="40" r="6"/><circle cx="50" cy="40" r="6"/><circle cx="80" cy="40" r="6"/><circle cx="110" cy="40" r="6"/><circle cx="140" cy="40" r="6"/><circle cx="170" cy="40" r="6"/><circle cx="200" cy="40" r="6"/><circle cx="230" cy="40" r="6"/>
              <text x="0" y="80" font-family="JetBrains Mono" font-size="11" fill="#6B6B6B">个体 1 + 2 + 3 + … + N</text>
            </g>
            <text x="310" y="78" font-family="Noto Serif SC" font-size="38" fill="#1F1F1F">=</text>
            <g transform="translate(380,30)">
              <text font-family="JetBrains Mono" font-size="14" fill="#1F1F1F">总体重</text>
              <text y="22" font-family="JetBrains Mono" font-size="14" fill="#1F1F1F">总步速</text>
              <text y="44" font-family="JetBrains Mono" font-size="14" fill="#1F1F1F">总觅食距离</text>
              <text y="76" font-family="Caveat" font-size="22" fill="#B23A2C">— 但「聪明」呢？</text>
            </g>
            <g transform="translate(620,40)" stroke="#B23A2C" stroke-width="3">
              <path d="M0 0 L 60 60"/>
              <path d="M60 0 L 0 60"/>
            </g>
          </g>
        </svg>
      </div>
      <div class="body-serif">
        <p>既然单只不行，那就把所有蚂蚁的行为做加法。加起来的体重、加起来的步速、加起来的觅食路径——是的，全都加得出。但蚁群作为一个整体的"决策"呢？它的"聪明"呢？</p>
      </div>
      <div class="verdict">「加得出体重，加不出意识。」</div>
    </div>
  </section>

  <!-- 04 cross -->
  <section class="cross">
    <h2 class="mega"><span class="em">整体</span>——</h2>
    <div class="grid">
      <div class="left">
        <div class="kicker"><span class="num">04</span>转折</div>
        <div class="body-serif">
          <p>那也许问题从一开始就错了。也许整体根本不是个体之和，而是<em>另一个东西</em>——一个只有在足够多个体之上才能出现，并且<em>看不见个体</em>的东西。</p>
        </div>
        <span class="ask">那它是从哪一刻开始的？</span>
      </div>
      <div class="right">
        <div class="visual">
          <svg viewBox="0 0 360 220" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
            <g fill="none" stroke="#1F1F1F" stroke-width="1.3">
              <circle cx="40" cy="60" r="5"/>
              <text x="62" y="64" font-family="JetBrains Mono" font-size="11" fill="#6B6B6B">一只</text>
              <text x="62" y="80" font-family="JetBrains Mono" font-size="11" fill="#6B6B6B">没有形状</text>
            </g>
            <g fill="#1F1F1F">
              <circle cx="200" cy="160" r="3"/><circle cx="215" cy="155" r="3"/><circle cx="230" cy="165" r="3"/><circle cx="245" cy="150" r="3"/><circle cx="222" cy="170" r="3"/>
              <circle cx="240" cy="180" r="3"/><circle cx="255" cy="170" r="3"/><circle cx="208" cy="180" r="3"/><circle cx="200" cy="180" r="3"/><circle cx="232" cy="185" r="3"/>
              <circle cx="248" cy="190" r="3"/><circle cx="220" cy="190" r="3"/><circle cx="262" cy="180" r="3"/><circle cx="270" cy="165" r="3"/><circle cx="195" cy="165" r="3"/>
              <circle cx="260" cy="195" r="3"/><circle cx="280" cy="175" r="3"/>
            </g>
            <g fill="none" stroke="#BB8A2B" stroke-width="2" stroke-dasharray="5,4">
              <path d="M185 195 Q 230 130, 290 175 Q 300 200, 250 210 Q 195 215, 185 195 Z"/>
            </g>
            <text x="190" y="138" font-family="Caveat" font-size="20" fill="#BB8A2B" font-weight="700">一群 — 有形状</text>
          </svg>
        </div>
        <p class="caption">同样的蚂蚁，多到一定数量，"形状"自己浮起来</p>
      </div>
    </div>
  </section>

  <!-- 05 hero -->
  <section class="hero">
    <div class="layout">
      <div class="visual">
        <svg viewBox="0 0 520 320" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
          <g fill="none" stroke="#1F1F1F" stroke-width="1.2">
            <line x1="40" y1="280" x2="490" y2="280"/>
            <line x1="40" y1="280" x2="40" y2="40"/>
            <text x="40" y="305" font-family="JetBrains Mono" font-size="11" fill="#6B6B6B">个体数量 →</text>
            <text x="12" y="60" font-family="JetBrains Mono" font-size="11" fill="#6B6B6B" transform="rotate(-90,12,60)">整体性质</text>
          </g>
          <path d="M50 270 Q 180 268, 260 260 Q 280 255, 300 240" fill="none" stroke="#6B6B6B" stroke-width="1.5"/>
          <line x1="300" y1="40" x2="300" y2="280" stroke="#3D5A80" stroke-width="1.2" stroke-dasharray="4,4"/>
          <text x="306" y="50" font-family="JetBrains Mono" font-size="11" fill="#3D5A80">临界点</text>
          <path d="M300 240 Q 320 220, 340 150 Q 380 70, 470 56" fill="none" stroke="#3D5A80" stroke-width="2.5"/>
          <g transform="translate(360,90)">
            <text font-family="Caveat" font-size="22" fill="#3D5A80" font-weight="700">跳了 —</text>
            <text y="28" font-family="Caveat" font-size="22" fill="#3D5A80" font-weight="700">新性质冒出来</text>
          </g>
          <circle cx="300" cy="240" r="6" fill="#3D5A80"/>
        </svg>
        <div class="caption">跨过门槛的那一刻</div>
      </div>
      <div class="text">
        <div class="kicker"><span class="num">05</span>顿悟</div>
        <h2 class="head-serif">多到一定程度，性质就跳了</h2>
        <div class="pull-quote">在某个临界点，整体长出了它自己的性质——这性质不属于任何一个个体。</div>
        <div class="body-serif drop-cap">
          <p>一只水分子谈不上"温度"，一群水分子也谈不上"水"。但 10²³ 个水分子一旦聚拢，温度出现了，相变出现了，流动出现了。这些性质在更小的尺度上根本不存在。它们是在"足够多"这个门槛被跨过的瞬间，从尺度本身里冒出来的。</p>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
  </section>

  <!-- 06 closing -->
  <section class="closing">
    <p class="approach">这种「由多生新」的现象，叫——</p>
    <h1 class="mega-name">涌现</h1>
    <div class="en-name">Emergence</div>
    <div class="byline">
      <span><strong>Phil Anderson</strong></span><span class="sep">·</span>
      <span>1972</span><span class="sep">·</span>
      <span>More Is Different</span><span class="sep">·</span>
      <span>Science 177</span>
    </div>
    <div class="closing-body">
      <p>它打开了一扇门：复杂系统不再被还原成它的零件。</p>
      <p>它换了一双眼睛：看的不再是"什么构成了什么"，而是"什么时候开始不一样"。</p>
    </div>
    <p class="epilogue">于是，整体长出了自己的眼睛。</p>
  </section>

</article>
</div>
</body>
</html>
