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040.ҶʤĶ

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۵ĻᣬйĻ

1842꣬ѻƬսйܵʱӢʵۣ˵Ӣ˵Ҫֱ־ʦʵ۽ˣڶӢۣͬлʵ۸Ӣ˵ǲҪ˵ѽӵҵҪװԼ˼˵

ʵ۶ãڹ㶫˵ʱһ鼰̣ͨһ湥̨ʵ۴Ȱݣƽϣδ֮ͨ£ԶغʡţռҳǳءҰգ֪ûŭѷƴΪ֮飬˳లܳó֮л֮⣬βôܽȫ˻ع㶫̰ձұʵ۽һ͸ѻйճóףغʡݣ縣㽭ڣÿԼʱ򣬽ʻڰҹɹԱϣڴ˶Ϊ㣬㣬޲ɡԸ֪ػϲִӡ˲ͼ꽻սк洦ΪȻ಻ղǰʵתּ࣬УΪƾݡ̶֣֮ͨйδ׼Ͷ֣δἰд⣬ұؼȫϴﳯ̫ͬ͢ƽ֮

йʵ۴֣ǺܻģԼսߣõȴһսʤߵĿԼǸأõȴǱˡΪϡԡʵ۽һ͸

Ȼʵ۵ͷԣϾԼǩˡϾԼ

Ӣ̴Զ·޲ߣӦغһԱ޴ϣʵ׼һӢúϮλߣԶƣα

ģ۱йˡ

1860꣬йָϿڡԼи˾˾Ѿ뵺ϵĸۿں͸뵺͸Ӣ1898꣬йֻУѾߵ½ڽʮС衱Ӣʮ꣬ǣ۵һǧƽĵطȫӢֳˣ

ϼأǡϼ

ӢйûٵʱǶ˾ʮġ衱֮ԼΪʮǺܾúܾԺ£ǣû˵ҪȻʱҴңһȥˡȥˡʮʮȥˡʮʮȥˣ󣬰ʮҲȥˣʮޣٹʮ꣨1997꣩ͰͷˡӢû뵽ڶľʮԼۿҪˣ⣬ۿҪ黹ˡ

صǣﻻƼйӢĹƣҲˣӢʨ˥ˣйѡֲˡӢ˿ʼǣŮӣҲֻáֱ־ʦˡһǰġǰơһͺġ󹧡ȽӢˡ

ӢȻ䣬۵ȴһϼ⡣ڸõʱйУĵǰϵû֮پ񡱣ֻáӢڽȹ·һɽ¥һԼ̲٣ڵ֮ó׼ӶߣѲֹǧǣһʮȴٵġĵˣ¥ֹһٸһĿѾٶˡ

ϼһɫǾİٷ֮ʮˣйˣйˣڼӢ˵ͳ£Ȼһȫ̾ĵȫ羭˥˵ʱάֵÿٷ֮ʮĳɳܳΪȫģһ漣йʵԤԵġ̫ͬƽ֮ζˡ

۵ϼȻˣǣ1997ıƽŪϼ⾿ǡϼǡϼֳعйԣٷ֮ʮ˵йˣۻڰڴ塢ûǻʲôعһϼǣһ棬ۻڷ١ɡ˵ǻʲôҶع顪йͳεع飬δìܣţعԺ۽һϼϼӢˣҲڰˡ

֡ϼϼġģdilemma۵ľûк÷ӣϣϵķӵӣڡʹع飬˫ᴹ£ϣβ1997Ժ뷨ӳһأǣһѹʱӳΪʮ굽ʮİ취ΪԶһӢ۾½Э顱һ϶۾½йһȨȨֿһ飬γ־ѾʾҿԸ𸴣

һЩȻӢ˴Σγ־ĴǣӢ˸Լҵľö࣬ΪʲôҪӢ˹أ

й˵йӲʱ򲻵۲йÿ֮һҡǮ㲻òÿʮʮղҪۣŻйҲȥġСƽװ׸ӢŮࣺΪջۻԺʹУйҲ¸ҵȥеȻģΪȨϣйǲⱾġ

йĻ̬ȣֻʮ֣ջȨַ٣θۣƶȲ䡣۹γ־˼룬һ

һδķɣֻĿǰԼ޶ȥŮʱ¡ۼɡ

βθѡ٣δ죬øԼȥǣԼȥЭ̡γ־ն˵

ܶƣθۡҪΪֳɫʡ۽ߵĸˣһйˡڽиʲôԼغӢ

ġԼƸӢԱ飬ȻҲרҡ

塢ΰƹܣָӣȻӦȡʼҡͷΡ

ƱҲ˾

ߡθ۷ԺֻҪȫᣨ˴󣩱Ϳʵʩ

⣺

һҪԲ˵ջȨַ١رʵСθۡһңƶȡԱ壬ϼʱ塣

塱أǡá

йڵϣֻǰѡرۣ۱ˡʱ徭һңƶȡ۱ɡʱĶ塰ù˧

й۵йˣȻΪǿ⣬Ȼġ829ѧеġǰȨ桱ֻϣԱΪθۡķʵʩʱأй̬Ҳʹ˷ǳŲΪһ죬Ϊҵһˣνʱ徭ҲͲˡ

Ϊйġ룬ǼٵģΪֹйΪԱǣҲģΪʵʱ壬ʹйȨȶγ־֤ٲɵˡҲȻء

һ֢ᣬƺû۵֢ǣ÷ǣ浽ġ塱á⡣йִʧܣҪԭšѧΪ壬ѧΪáֻѧӵĴȴûע⴬Ķûע⻹ҪǾóԼϼҵĶأһѧΪ塱ˣѧѺΪáˣѧġΪáʵʵáѧΪ塱ųɡǣһһֱ֪

н־ϵ漣ϣбĶֶӢֳλԶӢġӢѧΪ塱֡塱ɡΡȨʯЩʯĳ£ӢۣչһֵԵġԤ塱ַչ۵ľãʹ۱˽һҪˮĵ

Ϊˣй롰ջȨַ١Ͳòע⡰塱áĹؼˡ塱ֻ롰ġá۵ġϼĻήˡ

йһйһֱڡ塱á飬йܡרơʡ١칲͡»Ρ괺Ρʲôֻһ£Ӣͳֵأһ͵ıɹģֳصۣǡ۹塱µۣԱ֮£ܲܲЦܲҽ⳰йʵ۲ǰީСӢǸ½ӢһйǲҲأҿ٣ȹͳθɣȻ߻˵ʲôǲҪūǣһҲ룺ʱūȨһȨļūô˵أ˵ɣҵҲֵǱȱ

أй

ǰйΰġأԶݣձµ˳ʱձӴιۣʾĳɾ͡ձ㿴ձ˳ĳɾԺһջ˰ɣһȻɫ෴ҽ쿴󣬾͸ջˡ

־йˣͬջۣΪǵĹܣǣڡջˡͬʱҲˣ۵Ĺ壬ȻһǾǣһ͵ıУ֤йͳйȻȲϡ۹塱۵Ķ飬ǵȻʧɫǵܣ

Ϊ֮ƣջۡ1997ǰջۡѳɶǰҹйˣòĽ˼ṩصԶйǰ;𰸡

ΪһĹйǰ;ˣѾϰԵĶң𰸣ӺҹֱҵСںӱߡɽΣ¥ס̨ˣԹ¼šǹɫ˥ҹۡ

й½ִ̨СóֻðõĴ֮һд˳͵˵۷

ҵĴǣջۺ󣬲Ҫֻ۵ɡʱ徭Ϊ᱾ĩġ塱áõģʵʸһйӦóӢһٶֲĻйһ飬ԡθۡΪȻûӢˣйҲӢʽȻáθۡʵȫйԺ󣬿𲽿Ϊʦһʡһʡ·㶫ףͿɰѹ㶫۶ƶȣΪ۵ƶȣ۴㶫һƶȡӸ߰Ͱ꼶̶꼶¾ˣһңƶȡҲȻ̥ˡ

Ѿйһʮ꣬αؼȾϺɫأαؼһͳأйܳ꣬ǧ˴ʱʮسͳһй˵ȫͳһˣǴģһСֱԺʮ꣨Ԫǰ209ȫͳһʱʼʶˡҾͳһûʼͳһй⵱ȻȣСʷʵֵζ

йѾôˣʵڹ·ӢۺúȥˣǸСطʵڲ˸ɾůʽģΪйԶĿ꣬һ顣˵⻰ѣڳɳУ˼£һϸһҪһֶĿģǡһҡĻᡣ

Ǹһᣬгһգ۵ĻᣬйĻᡣ

1983912̨

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    ӰEȺ437813363

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    Դվŷleeao.net

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лл㣬۹壡

۹屾һëķչǡǿڱѡëйѨ˵¥õģһԼΪߵʱ򣬾ںƽһΪǿߣͷëйǰúƽ壬ǴӺ䡰ġǬ¡ʮȫ书ʵڲܲ˵ǵ۹ĽǬ¡ĴߵĴС𴨣Ĵص羸͡СĴأСĳɽ룬Ҫǰñꡢǧνй尮ƽͷˡ

ԣ۹һëʵûʲôϡ棬κͳһκιҪǿ󣬶һëķĪСܡµѻ磬ǲؼЦѻСܵġ

ѻѻС

ϣһŶʱ򣬾ȻһѻЦѻСˣǾǹ񵳵ġ򵹵۹塱֢񵳱ĿںǺġǡ²ʽģûôʱֵ񵳿ʼʱ֣ݹ˵̵Ľһ£ѧá򵹵۹塱֮Թ֮۷ٷһ״ڵ۹ͷϣٷһи˵£۹ͷϣһ۹Զ򣬶ԼԶûѪˡ

ڹ񵳡򵹵۹塱ĻǺ뵽ʦ׽Ļ硣ʦ̳дʣֻţƾվ׽ùõˣʵ֪ûйʦǲ֪ģֻǼйѣһУҲ˵ļٶƾЩٶԶѡͬ񵳵ġ򵹵۹塱Ҳˡ

ڹ񵳡򵹵۹塱۷¡ڹ񵳵ùƲ£ййĻԴй˲ййǸԭȫڵ۹ˣֻҪ۹һ򵹣һоͶˡ

˵йƶǵ۹ľԣѻƬսǰйһˣ˵йĻǵ۹Ĳݾ̫ƽʱй´ˣ˵йĲǵ۹ʱ¢ϣǵʱʱֻһǧһǧ˿һйġƽ񡱣мǮأ

ԣ۹˵ˣֻйԼһڡһûϢĽڡһ˲𼺵Ľڣ˵۹ѻƬй˵йѻƬģ˭أԼ˭ǿţˮأȫ嶼ѻƬֻ֮й嵽ǹһжֵ۹壬



ʵ۹򵹵ģԼǵ͵ĵ۹塣˵ѣʼݹʱ򣬵ʿ壬ڡ㼺۶Զ⡷д

նǲǵ۹ߣҺĴǵ۹Ľᾧǵ۹Ĵħ˵ĺãɽ׸ģơһĹԣǻһƾ͸ĵת𣿶ΣֻרƣֻԣǷ˲ܹ񫡣ղգ಻࣬ȥһף˼ǻϣϵۣתĴ˵ãȫǰǡɳĽ²ݣڱϮ䵱ִίԱĽŵ࣬йǰǡɳأڱǺµ򳡡նҪ㲻ǵ۹һйĻͣϢһ̾㣬

ǣֹ֪ۡĳʶ־ڶȨϧҵĹ˵ǺȻ˵ģ񵳾նƽ֮壡1925š1935š1945껹ţ1945⽻ܴն˵ȻйɹڡѺԼ¶ˣԼɱʮĺƽöʮ꣡ʵϣ꣬۹ԭα¶ˡ񵳶ɹš˳·Ķ˴˳͹˰õȴȫ̵ΥԼšȴڶǿ顢ּйŮˡȴǰʮĽʧ

񵳹򵹵۹塱ʮ꣬ģȴǵһǧǣ֣֮׳գڴ˿룡ĳɹɴ˿ɼ

δֲ̫

ڡ򵹵۹塱۷񵳵ĴȻָӢ˧ĵ۹塣ѧսǼ򻯵ĳ󻯷ӭͷϰѴһǣʹ󹦸ˣֻҪһϡӢۡǾͺˣ˭Ҫϸ֤أ

ǣгʶˣϾֲɷ˵϶δֲ̫ˡ1933꣬͢д۹볣ʶָ

μ⣬ִνԡĻԼԡܵ˶ΪЩǼԶ򵥵ĵ۹塣ʵЩǼӵġȾ;õ˵йͶôǵ۹ô˵ǣôŷսǰڶͶʱȷйͶĻ࣬ǷԶȶ԰ϻе۹ôʱӢͶʱйͶʱǾ֤Ӣиĵ۹ô˵Ͷʲǵ۹壬֪ͶʹʵĹұΪͶʹεļõĸӹԭչҵǵ۹ô˵ǣôձ˿ձ޻Եе۹壻ձھӡȵ޻ձӡȷ۹壻Ŭʯڹ˹ָ۹Ʒ˵ԭ۹޹ϵ֪ԭϵѰʵĳͻһдԭս˵ԣй˹սǰ䡣ڱռ̳ǵ۹ô˵ǣôΪսǰǵ¹һ̳ʱ¹ƷйĻࡪ¹ǶԶе۹壿Ӣ֮ƷĽܶ࣬Ӣе۹ô˵ǣ֪ҵĹҷں̳ܶգЩҵ⽻άֻȡ̳ΪĿġܽ˵ģǿ˵ͶʵĻᣬԭϵĻã̳ıȡԳΪ۹壬ҲԲسΪ۹塣

ԣЧ

ڡõԡ⣬͢۵Ļԡ˵

ĻԣҲ壬õԣȻĽЧӢʿǮйǵ۹壬ôնǮйǵ۹塣˵йѧУĻԣôй˵ȥѧĶĻĺ顣ֽ磬һĹձԤ˵ȥӾӢڷڵ¹˭ǵ۹ߣ˭ǵ۹ߣĲ׷ֱ

һеΪġϵ嶼ԼΡáĻ͡Ŵˣˡȼ׵ҵȣնӢµȹ֮䣬ҵĹϵƽȵġͨĹʹϵǲ˵֮е۹ڡһ׵͹ҵģǿй֮䣬ô۹ȻȻľˡһȻνƶҪ̸ƶΣôǿͬȵ븺ֻǵͿ⣬͵ȡȡκ;ȡǸܵġԼͣͽԹˣ˵۹ߣԱ˵ıӺѹȡ

͢ᵽЩϸ£򵹵۹塱ںŵְ࣬򵹵۹塱ˣִֻװʦѣǿںűĸۣһ飬ȴվסġ

۹

ۣ͢ӱȽϹ۵Ͽ̫˵ġΪδܾ͵۹塰ӵġУһ۹桱ڹ񵳺ùĶɽ£йѹ۹廹йˡǣ۹йģɵ㲻šԾһӡ

۹嵽йν硱settlement concessionǵ۹йϻΪйϽէЩɥȨǣϸһеΣȴġȻ۹壬ڵ۹֮Уǵ⣬Ҳԡ˵ɵģǻӭ챨ǣ챨ͳ챨ɶйˣˮˡġձ֮һձ־ʿǣڵ۹ı¹йרʵǡС󡱵ȵȣԽԽˡרԲˣܵķ⽮żð족רȻˣǲͬ⣬òȥרǸӴҲ򼸷ˣһר̾ȴͬԭר󡱵ûС淨ֻСԡ治ȵҪЩɰˣҪ״ӣٴӰŻˣû뵽֮ķɾҰרķɣٴһһص̣ǿȥġԣֻץˣҪˡҪˡҪˣУǶǴ죬ܾɡ˽ǻ֪ͨ־ʿǣϿܡ

йˣԼϣֺ£ܹõأֺ£ܹ۴Ժ󣬵õʶȵġķɳͷأֺ£ܹɰ챨أֺ£ܹ԰ıϣͳǡСأ

οйȱģɶգǺǧġˣû˵չͿڣǺǧġˣûвŰ˷ڣǺǧġѡܡˣûоһֺͶƱǺǧġˣûһԺǺǧġΪˣǵֳΣȴϮ죡йȱģ̫ˣй˴ԼòȨ˵뷨ơƽ빫ôҲ벻ɵ֮ڵ۹֮֮֡ڡԡǵ֣֮ܲ

Ȼ۹߲ƽȴ֮壬ǣۡӢ߻񡱵ľֳɼ̲סҪ˵ĲࡢޣԼġԼģǵġᡱ񣬶ǵġᡱ׼ǵġֳ񡱴ʤǵġˮƽʱǾǳˡйΪ١⣬Ϊٵģö٣ǳˡ塱١塱Щοĳ⣬ֱûжٿԺʵˡΪйˣⲻ̫

лл㣬۹壡

۹⣬ǡӵġԺ󣬻ᾪȵķ֣ǵȷŶֵĿʽ۹ǿɫӵءֱڱʱʽ۹ǿɫѹեĮӡ٣ڵʽ۹ǿɫһƬڣӢʽ۹ǿɫȴǳеۡЩȰйȰִӢʽй˶ԣȷһʹľ档

͢˵

ʲô׼ϵ۹ƶأЩ˵ɼΣͳζǶġΪͳαһ֣һͳȨǰһ֡һеͳζΪͳı棬Ϊı档Щ˵Ȩûʲô˲ãʩȨǶӶͳǼңǱ壬ǲؽҪģؽҪͳεĳɼĻλңõĻ򸻡ǾͿͶƱ۹ƩӡȣǷӡȫƱӢͳӡȵĺûӢ˱˵ڵӡ˼Ȳ֪δӢͳǰʹֲ࣬Ԥ϶Ժļѣ˶Ӱֻ֪£ƱΪƾ˵ǿ磬Ȼ޸ݡй˴Ƿйӡȵڶģвٵйˣ˿δӢ˵ıȣԶİᵽصӢȥסĵ뱾һֵͳζӢ˵ͳΡⲻ־ܺõһʾʾӢ˵ĵ۹Ƶ

Ӣʽ۹Ļǻǰ״֮࣬Ҳƽ͵ĹһǷǡ˵û˳Give the devil his due.ڻӢʽ۹峤֮йҪ롢Ҫ룺ǲǻҪԲԼˣ߲ǺõģһǡȨܸء£һǡ³ɻ족£ǰǶ˵ģǶԼ˵ġйϵĹ٣һ£ʹԼ˸еȵ۹ãһ¡ɻ족ΣǵϣϧӢʽ۹ǰҹ֮࣬ηҲ֮磿˵һ䣺

ٻˣӢлл㣬۹壡

1983929̨

ٱʱͳθչʮ꣬ûΪСֲһԱһҽһʦһʦֻһǧ˿Уֲѧʱϳչ󣬸չּʱڸչҵŮ˱Ӧ˺̾

ڵõ۹ֶζԸ

Ӣ뿪ɺ󣬸޹˹ᡢĹƶȡ˾ͳѡƶȡӢʽ۹֮ŰҲ

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    ӰEȺ437813363

    ֲݣɽӣwww.leeaoweb.com

    Դվŷleeao.net

    ͹///С//ͷ

й۵ļ

ۡйӢ̨ߵĹ񵳣ҲĿƵġ107գԺ˭v˱ʾһʾν֮ĵ㡱

һйʱӢлƷ壬̳зͳˣκ漰Ȩ֮⣬ӦлΪ̸жһӢййһ̸Э飬һŲϡ

Ϊ۵ķٷչ밲Ҫڶ۾ɺͷεƶ£ŬͷҵĽ񣬶۵ĹףӦ϶ˣǵԸأʵϣ۾ԸҲ޷ķٷչ

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    ǰ̳˵˹͹ѡѡҷԹ˼ҶΪͳ꣬ʹ⵽ʷԵĴܡ

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