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001.ҵġΪй˼𰸡
002.̸Ļ˿
003.Ҫ˿
004.
005.Ļ̸̫÷
006.ۡŮĤΡ
007.й˼һ
008.Ļսβ

    ԲQȺѣЦһ족ṩ

    ӰEQQȺ578505007ɵɣwjm_tcy

    ӰEȺ437813363

    ֲݣɽӣwww.leeaoweb.com

    Դվŷleeao.net

    ͹///С//ͷ

ҵġΪй˼𰸡

ΪһĹй˼ʱǰ;ˣѾϰԵĶңѰ𰸣ӺҹֱҵСؿӱߣס̨ˣֵܳǹɫ˥ҹۡ

ʱ룺ʮһԺǸʱʷҽΪǼ¼Щʲô۶ʮйʷǻ¼ʮУǧ֮ŰʮߵйѾڳɫӰʮ֮ʮŵйѾڼȨ£йڶ֮һȺ³ڰĴ½չ¶һʮʱգʹ̻Ϩʹⳤڡ

    ʮˣлһ⣬ʷһ׷ʣǻΪЩʲôǲܻش˵ΪˡɽףӢ̨С˵˿еżһʮ齫

ʡԺɫսԺʷҵУܸЩõóֵŲóȥ͵ֵס۶ϵơ

ϵ˥ϵʤܡϵٿݶݲۣЩǶԿŴ䣬⻷ʵһгһաڴ

ǣһǣǾĻ˼ϵû˵һʱ۵⣬ε⡢µ⡢õⶼԵ޷⻷ʵӦеĴ𰸡

Ļ˼ϵԾԾİΧסǣʹǾڶϵı׼ҡڹ졣ҡڹĽǣǼѿһˬˬġִˡ

ǵִǵ˼ȴġŴģԭʼġһ˴µʱִǴТʱͱɹŴĴ鲼ˣ˵ʱִġдµʱǹŴġϡˡЩ˫ر׼Ҳһͳľ棬ƺ齫ҽҽȭ͹;ꡭܰǳΪײİӵģ嶼Уһ᲻Ҫ˵ǡԽǰǡںĻ

ԣһˣһԴʬ˼롱ϡ档νʬ˼룬Ǻܶģ硰϶˼롱˼롱κ˼롱Ԭͷ˼롱й˵ʬϽʬꡣԣʱҼֱɣǵǻִػڹŴػǸǻˣ

ʮĻ˼ǲòݺݴӵ

Ȼģִӵǲ͡׷֪͡ʶӣǣ

һ˵Դֻ֪Ρ¡õȵʣĻ˼ۺȱʶ

˵Ķ͸ñԣȱӵʸ

̥ǣͱ׿ԽμңɵεĽʿû˸ظ֪ʶӱĶˣǲΪйĻ˼𰸡

ΪйĻ˼𰸵ˣǱȻʮ͸׼ݷĽ׶ΣȻһԾ׶ӣʥޣSt. PaulĿͳǽս

ĶĶ

where is thy sting

ʵͳʲôеֻ˺ܼܵʱֻüƻÿ϶ԸîֶΣߡй⳰ˡ

ΪйĻ˼𰸵ˣǱضԸһսʿȥ򼸳Ự׼һRobert BrowningνġõġThe best and the lastһ̡ǿܱʱס졢סȣԶʧܻսʿʧܣʮּϵﲻ

ʮ£ڶ֮һĻ˼ϵļ𣬽Ǹǣ

ʱ֪ʶ֣ŴͳͼȳšþеʥԡΣʱ֪ʶȴǷ⻹˸߹پ޵¹¶ĸĳ;·ߣɢĻ֣ĿǡѧִЩӲԶǧйʷﲻһʮĺɫ½Ҳ´еĹµһӹ³ǧûйĹʵҪǵ𡣡Ȼɽļڻڵʱֻǲ봺

Ϊһ˼ȽʶˣҺǫṩҶ˼Ĵ𰸣ҲЭά𰸡죬ٲĻᱻ̣ˣǻжٻ᣿ֻܸǶٻ᣿ʷϣһĺȻԻҿöˣѲٿοԼѪ塣ھϣ򡰿ѧִĺκ嶼ûʱǰ;谭áѧŵ仯

˳أǺȻԻ٣ϵйǣѡ 

    19645̨

    ӰEQQȺ578505007ɵɣwjm_tcy

    ӰEȺ437813363

    ֲݣɽӣwww.leeaoweb.com

    Դվŷleeao.net

    ͹///С//ͷ

̸Ļ˿

ǰαˡʥа˾۴й˶ĿףҲķ۵ļɡ

ˣˣⲿֽҲˣʥаϸûʧй˵ĸһһ̶ȵǳŲͬĲʱõˣǺһ˺ʱԽǰĹֵˣǺһ׺ʱŵķˣǺһɺȡ

ĸϸĺ˼ϣǲһչл塣ڱ˶ִܵߵʱȴһֱŹֲһֱܵѲǰҵܾܡܣͬʱܵյ㽫һ硣

ˣԭǰģǸԶˣԭǺģҲ׷ܵǰȥˡǻͶȥܣǻԴźϵΣǲһѡ֣ƾϵռˣƾ洫Ĳӭͷϡ

βνãʧܲν࣬껻ҩĶνǵĲɫǲδǻ಻ĲΪʱִܵһβ治ĽıѵǵĺǱЩĲһγ׵ơ

źǣоЩĲҽǲˡżһûȾģȴֽӽɹɡԲϺͲ˽ȫ֦ڵġͳġġ

״ҲòѴӹŵĲ˺ɹŴȫ뵽һ𣬴м䣬ѡһЩдԵĺΪЩ嶨ΪʮһֲЩ£ұǸӢۡٹ˺ѧЩĲƷ仰˵ôİ˶Ϊйִˡֲ˵ģΪһĻҽЩͷֹӵΡĳֹȾֹķָ˭ɹҽ˭ǲˡ˭ǾҪȾĵù

Ϸ̳ᣬһʷĹ۵͸ȻֵõĳԡֿҾʼҵָأ

    Ų

ŵʦүѧ˾һףдһƪowjm_tcyעҼᣩȸϭϣǣ

һ棬֮磻ĽϺ֮Ӣ磬¬®ѭ֮СܣԪȱࡶѧʮߣ

ֿʷȻʵˣǾšųķӣҲ֪кһһȺǶһǷ񶨵ģԻݴ󵶶ǹಲڡǲѧΪ壬ҲѧΪáǵصصĻƵȻٵʧܣȫͬÿ˶ӣǵ겻ɢ긽ڹϣλϹдThe Spirit of the Chinese People塷ǵİ塱ʽ˼˼ʵһҤճģֻǱֵķ΢ѡյһЩϹŶ˼ԡģӽࡣһȻʽ΢ˣΪǼŵ޹棬ֻԹϡ֮꣬ǵйȥˡ

    ʤ

ֲǺԵĻԽУʤǡ۵ĿԾԪԪ˵

֮ѧоߴˡѧ۶ǧഫ֮һһȡо֪֮֮΢зܼߡ˴ǧġ񼴫

Ժʮͬһ˵ˣ

Ҫߡһԡκ첩֮䡣аˣַʶʮҪҳ12

ֹ꣬ĲʦĻˣ

֪Ļ֮Բͨ͸ʥѧ̲֮֮֮ʵзκ֮Ҳʶ֮Сԣ

Կõľ䷨ܼߡʶκ֮󼰡ȫһ޵Ĩɱ塣ǵľʽǡǡĸ֣ĿһеĿλֻǾţһëѣ˽컹أԿжҽãسߡҽжֲѧԵĹ֣ʤĹ׵ԴơһĿ󣬶ֿȴáġ

    ֮

ֲ˲ǲѧΪЩⶼǹ˵ֻһɵӣڡа˵

伿һΪ֮δδţͼãػȡ˼˵ȼգԭ帲֮С

֡ԭ帲֮СĴԣǹܹ㣺Ԫù󺺵ķַѧ˴ӡξù֮֮ͨżԡùӵĻȽεĹйѧۡëˮùǡĽ֮ڡĻĵԲ˵йѧ˼롷ĳЩһЩ£Թˡȵġģԡŷϡ԰ģǡ֮ߣйʱΪʲô˵ʱûĴǣʱڵֿǣ˵ˣǹʬӰµūˡ

    

ֲ˱ǰһɸпǰһֻǡǾСһǡǵġǴȥġ»ġ̡˵ʿ£

ѯԣƱ

ԭǣ

ʥʱ磬鼮ںߣһӣĩӵܣʧٷɢþػԭ֮¼ȶȱ֧֮洫ѧ֮бҲһ¾𡷣

ǺʷݵĻԣĻĹУβûС磺ϡֽʡƵȵǰ߰߿ɿʷʵʷˣΪһжǡҾһжˡͼȥģδеˡˣģ᰺ʦΪ֣ڡ¼һУǿ԰ݶǵĸۡ֡ǡʧҰķ棬ֲԺ󣬾ͻʷ֤ʲôԷղӷ𳵹ҹ츣ձѧŷĻʱӰһ㡣ֳһЩ̡ҩӡˢˣⲻ֪Щ̥Ǻöˣ

    Ѳ

ǰȺͱʱϻʶʧܣǲдˡѡʹй޺ʹйˡ̬ȱĶ˵壬ˡ֮ġˡһҪ˼ҵһ־ҪΣգȥǲҪáηߵС۶ͶĽǹֿģһ䣬ϱҲûˡдйԾ˶֮򡷣ʮ꣩ʱѾԵת롰ѡɣ֡򡱵Ǻܳʹģһϣ

    й֮Ȼӣҳ97

    һԸڲ˵

ʲôһ֮ɶδȻߣڶȻطˣʲôһϷմϷ֮治ö֮Ҳҳ13

մ治ö֮ǺεȲѵĵںܶΪ׬Ǯת̡ó˿ũҵᣬΪֲתĸ֮ý֮ԡĻڮٹҵ΢⣬ѡֶ

    Ѳ

ֲ߶ϷĿںǣûʲôϡʲô˲𣡡ĩܵġʥ١ָܷۡΪӵĶģٵǣ

ӣ©ʮΪ֮кδ棿֮ƣԻʡΪ֮ѣ֮װܣĽǮ𳵣ָڣδܼߵУѻˣְк

Щкδ桱ĽǮְкȫǳԲѵĺר㡣Ǭ¡ʱӢʹ븣˲ιǵı٣Ǹ˵Ĵ𻰿ˣ

ɣɡٷûʲôϡǬ¡Ӣʹǡҳ103

ܵġ塱븣˵ġáֲ˱ȻѡĻͼ뻹ãǲҪĺãֲ˾ͲͬˣãϣһҪ֡ˡһҪɻrationalizationʹİһЩΪεŴţˣĲûвѽ

ɶ˵ǴųġǹͬɫֵѧǹĻ޴ġУеѾùˣǲŵķˣҪɽġ衱Զ硱ˡΣھϡԶʤߣԶվӵļϣƾһһɵߣЩӡǾںģ

    ѧΪѧΪò

йħƻ˵һαݣҲͨһαݡ߽֮еġѧΪ壬ѧΪáڱϣٳѧɹɲ롰ѧ֮Բ֮֮Სȡ֮þãصáѧѧؾ仰۵ĺĵˣ

ѧѧѧѧ

ǹ澫־ʵֻD顢۵ġȻ֮֮úܱ¡ˣάʺϽ״̬µĹ˵Ŀζ˳˼·1935һ£ʢһʱġйλĻԡ׳ơʮԡʮǣαɡָɡﺮɽϣʥ桢¸߂򡢷ơ䡣õļ⣬ǱµġйλйȴǡѧΪ塱ĵ棻ŷĻաȴǡѧΪáĻĴЦˣҿΨһ֮֮ģֻ̧һ㡰̬ȡȡ׼֮ⷽͷƺûǿҡһ㲢Ҫڡлresidues֮ȫһµġ˵ǡڵ֮ʿ۹ˡˡ

    ʲ

һɵͷԹǰһǴģǶַĹ졣ǰһöַһǾʶַöַϣֻѧڿѧյġáϣתΪһˡʵ˵һɱöַǳһɵ۱弾ѧģѧӦ¡ɱ䣬ˡŷӰ¼1920꣩ʱ͡Ļѧ1922꣩ʱ飬ͻȻµ´ʱ۸ˡдĻĴ죩ͷ˵СʵġȤСġ

ĳ̻һƫھһƫʡ

ҪϿȡ֮Բ̣֮Ļ

    ֶ϶ȷУsense of certaintyôһλ󻤷У޹ڽյЧˣ

    Юز

Լ϶ԼЮ϶Լ߿϶ķʽһ϶Ŀ޶¡ʮǰܴҪһסйŷǺϡҡʡо˵塰飬ֺɣˣȻһֲȷıȸͺʵĹһһʱۣܵ˾ͻ¶š̻ʸŵʮһԼͻİȻʣ޷

˵һͨߣ˵ۣ˿Ц߶࣡

ǹӵıȸˡ£ʵ۴ҲδعӶԶܹͨʵֹ̫۵¡żСĽɫʵģҲ޷ÿ淽۹ȸһǵǵƫоѡġۡMonadologieȸй͵ѧ˵һ⸥ʿˣA. H. FranckeֶChristian Wolff̩ҵޡޣHelvetiusͷPoiverڡ¸磬Щ˶й˽ⶼģǲԺҿ϶ġЩЮɵȻͻһΡٱȸ֮ʬ֮ˡڡ׹ʧġʱ򣬻е㻹˵йĻĴ˼Ҷأͷд䡶ĬйĻĻҳ17лҲ䡶붫ĻѧһһڣǵĽ޷ǡοơʥ֮ͽҲȨÿǡԻʫơʶĿ顣Ȼù۹֮ҫһ׳޹ֺǶõˣ

ɶ˵ġǱǰɿˣҲ˹ĶˡǼġ塱洫ֳ˵ġáֵǵģȫģĻĹʽһװһģ󹦾͸ˣ

    Բ

ԲǱָ߽Ŀ񲡡ֿ񲡵ˣԴϢˣСȴڷ䣬˰죬һ˺һĴ룬˳۵ĶڻЭΪһַӶ濪ʼ䵽컹δסǮ½ӹһҧйĻҪһԡ

й˶ĻһֻùȤԸ֮ܶ²ϣӪԼľɴͳйĻʷۡҳ162

˵йĻȴִһĻؾ

    ˼֮ͻìܲýһ֮͡й˼ʷ

һ˫ռ˱ˡǮδȻ˵רΪйĻȱ

    ֻҪй˶ԼͳĻ֮߾ܲ˺˺й֮ĻȻԽΪйͳҲϣйĻĻжչ֮ĻĻѧ塷ҳ80

ִԲĺĻƫ̻ʵǮµǡʽģȻν裬ȴڡ湫湫ߣйĻҲйĻߣӽҲӽ壺

    ȻΪĻ˶УʷڲȡĻߵΨһĽĻ

ˡȻˡΨһ治Ǳ׼ġΨۡegotismЩԤԣҲ֪νĻԭӽ忴룻ĻĽйʥҡǮµġĻ͹д̲סҪ̾˵νйյġʷѧҡϾǡ֮䡱˶

    Խǰ

ֲ˴ͷе㡰ʮ׵ĻΪԽƲ𣿡ǰƲЩĻѡǣһйĻʵĲ⣬һĻȺľӡһɵĴʦǺԭԭڡԽͳɶɶǰڿȰˡŻ֮ųȴû뵽ԼŻ֮еĽʲôǰġˣʵڡͳɡеһɡ⴫ͳɵŻУʮһֱһˣ۷Ľɫ˵

ǶĻʹпȡߣйģ൱ѧϰ֮йߺʹ޿ȡߣйģ൱֮йߺչԼ֮֮ⲻӦеĿģҲйĻѧߵһشľ񡣣ŴйĻй֪ʶӡҳ19

Щʵڿԭκβ֮ͬҲܾһ㡢Խһ㣿ǡйߺйߺǵ㴫ͳţй֮ΪйҲɼڱйλģŻšչй֮ǣйĻʤˡˡָĵʵʮǰġʤͬһϢͶʮǰżͬġۺϡһζοżͬ봴졷ܱ1219-20ڣҲɸƾġԽۡһθ̨գοƾ㡶йĻֵ֮ҳ348̹˵ɣңˡѾʹǼˣ벻ԭ롰족룺

    ʦѧ֮ģԺ֮ѧΪעţµĴ졣йĻ֮ǰ;ҳ32

ֲּʵڵĳۣȻйʿԸŴ⿵ӣ

    ùŽߢȡĻ֮Ӣִǻ֮ѧۣ

ȿͬһЩĻĴʵһȺĲˣǵĺøԶʵĶ񴯡Թ̸Ļģǡͽǣ׵Ҳǡ

ɶ˵ںģ̸ĻʱֵĳǻҲϵǵƲäĿĿѾһЩͷߵ̶ӡǲص帡ĸޣʹйִ죬ںϡԽЩʵڿˣ

ʮһֲáȡrepresentative samplingġ࣬Ա֦ڡͳͻëҰǷű࣬ͬʱһһ˼ϵĿɽ档ôϡôװԾʩһĻҶҪǸ˵ǵ˼ʦԵģ˼ȥӲʷѧmetahistory׷١ǵһ׹ĶһЩСյǿԵģһھ¶Ŀ볤ڷչȥǾʹˣ

ָأɼÿһУƾõĴͳʷԨԴ֪ʦЩƺƴģмšпԺбֽ־ۼңľңͲʵмң֣Լͽආ

ʵĲͬͷԿĸ죬ǵ˲̫ͬĲ֢ǵȴˮ齻ڵģΪǵ˼ģʽmodes of thinkingȫһġą̇̄е̼֡ҵƶвͬİװǲֽ棬ǴͬСķ֣

˵ʵڿһΣȺͱٳ̼˸𣬸ɣѧһɫƺ֮࣬Ҳν˭ͳʵǶˣͳ类һƥ֮ȥˣƥǴ̸ҵ츴ۣ˵̸Ļѣһ̸ĻӦ̸ͳҲϣЩ˳ȻԵͳΡҾ֮Ը޶Ҿӵʱ츴ѷɱͳıϹʮƿǮģĲԼˣ

ǴͳɽμǣҲǲ±档츴۲ݱǵĺϷеأ

۵ģֻǲͲҪǿǱֲ̽ԭҳԭЩԭɷ˵

һԭǡ塱׻˵죬ʹ֪ѣײǽˣֻڡˡregression˵ɿʱó̵衣Ϊںͯʱÿһ裬˴Ϊˣܾý飬衣Ǹ˵£һԣ˽ɺͳǴһð취п׷ӣһΪһ´¾ͺðˣǡ塱Ľ㣬ȫġ񡱣father-imageҲǵǡҵǣŷĴ£ǵǲ飬ǡռڵıˣ˴

ûʵģǽѾһĻĽpetrifactionԭ֮һҪ뱧ڵĴȡ塣ڵǲܽ⣬ڵʱڡʷʱеͨģǵ˽죬ѽһĲʱˣĸµʱǵķӦǴͳ壨traditionalismǿʼеʱǵķӦǸ壨revivalismҲһʱǵķӦδ壨futurismֱ仯ûԵĶԻ֣ԴͬҲǡͬġʡͩͨĴͳߣʼá顢Ǯ¶Ǽҵĸߣž۽ԭǷԾδߡһ֣ǹͬɫǱڴȣͬģֻʹñغĶٶѡڵŲôƳ³µļֵԽִйȻҪʶϻһԶ

ǵͨڲ˷ϻͯҩʹйִҲܽŷͬһֲҩҩȫԣרĳҩ㹻ˣϱڷ㡣ִĹҺִĲֱȥѧˣα鷳أձûпӣǺΰǵά£ٹ⣬ǺΰǵǵķܵǰȥˡܾǣͰǾˣֲֵˡǹĻʥٵ壬˼ʵǿأ˵ʷƾõĹŹά˵ʮʮʷ࣬ǻÿ˼ԮⲻȫǲǸù̫ġһصӣѹǴִٶȡִֵǲòصҸʺš

ǣʵϣʮؾɵĴƺŨˣʥҲѧˡҽҲѧԺˡڹҲɡѧˡʦҲ칫ˡԯҲڽˣȴĸ֪ʶӸͦ˵䡰ԡıʸһǵձһľ棻ֻЩӢǣģ׷ܵȥͺͷСкİ٫裬ȴڼѧдƪʲôӶʱСǡʥ֮ʱߡܸһΣġԱǱĴСʳŲУҪȥˣ

ڶԭǡǳֹëͬһ־֢ǡǳֹκκöһ򣬻ûԣ˵óˣ˾ҪˣǲθڵģûʲôӪģ

ǶԾɵǳֹëǶµĻɡ

ʮǰҶ߽пѧȹǿѧûţͷ󺰡ѧƲˣʮǰҶǹտִ󺰡Ʋˡ

ʵϣġѧſڣġͷ

ȴ˵ϷǳԹˣûʲôóԵģ

Ǯ¾ЩζĴˣ

йʮʼѧգѧӢѧ⣬ҪѧնģǶѧˣҲˡԺ󣬻ԡ;֪ˡѧ˼ҵ·ˣعͷʶһԼɣйʷҳ14

ѵãʮ˾׾ͱǮˣʵ˵ɣʮѹûڵġ׵ġмƻġĶġѧκֻǷܡֻǳֻǼ˼ǨֻΪѧ顱ˡѧˡ߾͡ڡˡʵڡĶıߡʲôģǻûӰأ

ǣġʷѧҡȴǹȥǡ;ȰǡعͷʶһԼҲŪʷˣֻ֪ǵһֱڡʶԼһĻ壬ʶһĺ֮ʶһֱֹٵļ¼ֱʵɡ̾׼ϾԼΪֹǴûлɹԼʶĴ󣬵ʶʲôãʶǧ꣬סӺͶӲ̫ͷ϶ô

еʶȾ͸ʶǸδһһִwholehearted modernizationģֻͶȡɣǴûѧ˵ġѧ̬ѧεfair playԣãeconomy of abundanceĹ۽磬壨dynamism˾ͽˡhiˬϡѧġѧģֻǵ㼫Ĳ档ִˮ׼ǰֻһ԰Сѧ˵ʼѧ˵ѧ顱ˣ

һӢ̽ռĳ̽һг׵ˣȵ˾һӢѧģΪ棬˵ѵ𣿡˵Ĵ𻰿ˣ˵ͲˡI use fork now.

ȻǸЦȴǸ˿ЦõЦԿж1961ȴװ1691ľԴжʽӡˢڤֽжʽܽƷ齫ƣжõװ׼ʱ⣿ж˷ʥ̷𷨣׷ӵĺ˴ʽװ̲ݣʦٸдë֣ʦĺҲͬʦзΣߵ㲥̨ÿѧ̥Ϣ

ЩѧΪ塱ĳѧΪá棬һòӳϸһ㲻Ƥë˼һ㲻θڵ˥ܣһ㲻һȺǳֹĲˣ

ıڴҸ֪ʲôΪµǵ۾ǵʥʹǺϵǵëѧ˷ǵûھͱǡֹסˣһ̸ѧʱһЩΪ桱ӾͿȥˣҪѯˣ͸߽ǡ˵ĳ衱ˣ

ԭǡ;ñѽڡͳɲ֪Ƕһ˼ȫũҵĲũҵǿԷ޼˳졣Դ޵ģԴǼĶأһһ˭ҲûչĿܣ䣨a broadening of opportunityģÿ洫ũһأүүӣӽСӣСӹһĻһģԲܲϣԡڹԡ硱ð˵ϥǡΪԴô࣬Է͵

ũҵľһ֡ѷáeconomy of scarcityѷ£ô࣬ҪҾûˣҪ֪㡱Ҫ˼Ҫ֪ҪִСҪġҪԹԵġҪ֪񡱡

ǽҪ֣֣ظλҪӲӡҪʡ˶ʣΣ

ǣ㲻ģӵءԡƴͳ˵Ķռϵͳһʶʱļһˣ

    ֹ۵й˼롢ѧ˵ҶţһѪ

þǣǡϢʱһ־̬ˣǾӵĸԣá˵־ͷõİ취ǡƶơ˼ҡʩȥǾԶǸҡ

ҵΨһ취Ǹı侭̬ũҵҵᡣ

ǹҵǶġչġȡġ֪ġڵġ׺ͷġڹҵ棬һдͳļֵϵǺǻȫķȫµĳַá

ҪҵᣬҪĿǡ̱áĿóڳ󣬱ô

Ҫ๤ҵӭũҵľá

һЩȴ룬ӣǲϡñ𱧡ģ˵ݣǮֳˣǮ³

йĻһ򽨻ֲũҵϣֻũҵſа취ũҵᣬǵĻʹ壬Ѵﵽ

ʵڳüѣٳȥ߰ˣ

йӦ߽һϹҵ֮·ũҵ⣬ҪǿҵһйĻӦٽһﵽԭľ硭Ҫ˹ҵҪ¿ѧֻҪѧӽһԻ䣬βƷеĴͳܱ䡣Ͻԡʷۡҳ137

ȫɵĺˣǮ¿ģĿ޷ǡ䡱ֱáƷдͳ롰ѧŷĻĸǿԼͳĻ԰ΪռũҵĻɥ޷ˡϧǣûֶͨǻݵġ

ҿǮ¶ЩĻͷԼҲŵģΪ֪Ļ֮ԡũҵζӲҵĴﳴ䲻ܿɿҲӣǮ˵

ͬɰ壬Ƭ࣬һƬƶƬƬƣӡйĻʷۡҳ5

ȻҾҪȰǮҪũҵİƬҵϴˣӡģ

ǺܶӲӣɣȴƫýŵĳҵܰ˵Тһ棬ȷǽˣҲͬǵĿԭڣԭũҵѣѳ˼屾λѳͬã˹ҵᡢСͥ־̬£˭ҲΪˡϡһһѵġ˭Ҳûǡɻ顱֮ɥšǱȻġǣʲôӣ֡¡ᳫТ͵סġҪҵһűҪ̵Ŀҩ裬ȻǴҶԸ⣬ǳÿɥװТ⣬ǽ쾿ҵٶʮТе

ĸԭǡ˽Ļֲıʡϳ׽ִĻˣ廨ţ̫ʱ֡ʱֵһǡй顱ͬйСռʱԡʮʵ֡ԡ۵ʮͱ˵·Ӿˡ˵

һĻǺеԺʱԵģй֮ĻڵǡйʱǡաΪйԾ󣬾ȫĻΪڽգԾǾʱȫܾйĻڽյйǵⲻȡ죬ʱ͵ıйĻййĻ֮졷־ʮľʮĺţ

ȻĻǴ˵ĸ߼ˣһð취취ɽ﷨ȥְַɲľ񣬺ö򣬻Ͳ򣻻صʰ䣬öͱһľʮڵ˵ľ

Уȥȥ

ȡ̣ƶӡ

֮ȡ᷽棬Ҫһ׼̸׼ž۽ľˣźӣ˸߲ҵ

ӦĻϾӦȡߣһһоٳйĻӦߣһһоٳŷĻ֮ΣйĻ֮򡷣־ʮžţ

ֿ嵥ķӿʵˣϧֻ÷죬˽ĻֲıʣǵͨڶĻǡȫ壨integral wholeû⣬ʶɡáֻҪõĲҪġ롰ܿѧ֪ʶ͹ռҡǻļֵϵͳڡתеĻһвο󵽵Ľۣ

˵ǶĻͳͳһ顱̣ǲֺ֪ǸɵġĻֲϣҪ͵Ҫ飬ԸҪҲҪûҲΪҪҪ͵ȫҪҪҲȫҪΪȫġʱռ䡱Сԡˣʱϴ۹СͭºĽԸչ߾ͳˣڣص⣬ˡ˼ҳǲǡ˫ᴹģ

ִĻͺһˣռŵ͡ȱ㡱͵һռУԵġܵģһũĻġҸ桱ʹСȱ㡱ʹʱҲһ׷ùĶЩ׷ȴҪӲ˵˵ǰҪȱ㡱֮ǶΪ˵

֮Ծ֮ף֮ġ桱־ʮʮţ

йԹഫ֮ͳΪִҪʮ꣨1961Ⱥġٰ桱ۡڣ

ЩĺաƴϡĺƵĴ䡢ððʧʧ佫ԡ֤ʵڡҪһˮ

ҵġˮܼ򵥣ֻȰĴΣסҰ֮ۡˣǻعͷ˽һĻֲıʡ

    Civilization is syphilization.

    һҪ˼ҵĺϡСѡӱ۾ϯ˼Ԥƶȣһ͵÷ưɡ顢̫֪ģҡķ

ҲĽɱġסܸǵġĿꡱʲôΪ¶ʹѵͲΪҭţѵͲԷǵġĿꡱǽִǿĿꡱ£ǸСմϧʹԸΥľؽ󡣡ĿꡱǰοǲõĴۡСʧҲֵһɵġ

ɶģĪڱ߱ġʷ塱historismǲģȴЩˡʸѡνͳĻߣ֮νҲ̹˵ɣйУ˭Ҳûʸȡᡰ׼κδ֮ʿ䡰֡淶ǵ壬ȥĻƵܹȻ䣬Ҳ䣬ΨһֻСµԶաԶյĹУǹĻеġ޼֮͡⡱ǾᡰġСǵ۲һϱɹıݣΧעءϵķ֯õֱƵ硱һ㲻F. S. C. NorthropϣThe Meeting of East and Westһ㲻⡱ġ󡱣ǹĻһ»ģοôĶԺϲأ˴ɲصġûйɲ³ִֵǾѧԡϲ͡⡱ڱ۰˿ˣǺڡСĽǸСȡϡıҪԡ֡ΪĿıҪ

涫¶ûǵأǾˣֻǹȥǵϵĻƤëǾмܲסˣ˼ҵĳеľˣһδˣһγԽǰĴˡĻĳ׾ͱգȡɣǡӭͷϡϡϹĻôʮǰ쵼һߡ֮СˣֺαصȽأ

κʱҾһ𣬿Ƿ̼ˣʱҾһҮҮˡƾֱƾ飬ȻҪ죬ٶˣʧ˶ٴΣò˶ٴΣĳɼ

ĵҡͽйˡʱգʷĻʿڣĸ˲ϳ⣿ĸھŶľ⽮Ǵʮװֻÿ׵ʱ򣬴࣬ǵĿ͡ТһɽĻԹĻֻ롰ûкϵģin all sincerityĻıҲ޷ʹУfeelֻΪ桢Ϊ͡Ϊ˲мɡΪˡѧʱϰ֮˳ڣֻһ봮ϷһزɻƻҶ

ǿ۾ǵġƽ񡱡á۲족massobservationķӿǣһǿ;ʿ֣һĽȯԺͽγΣһ齫ǿغƬﻹһ˿һе澫

ɾ⣬ᳫ͵ᳫϷᳫѾߵңmanysided selføߡңʵϣĴĻֻˣīϷѣǵΪճһҲƶġ塱ֻǹͷķӰˣҹҲֻǵ˳ԣԼǲԵġǳԡԮ

Ǳ亦ǧˣն䡱Ҳ֢֢оСϣǿˡģں˵󻰵ĹٶϣҲǲؼֵģʱ֪ʶϣǾͲܲ̾ˣЩ֪ʶӵԸǰѹĻͷףҾĻͷףǵʧǱȻġ

Ҿ䱾ЩշĴˡӡ͡ǡһ⣬ֻһЩιʷõ̡ϡֻһһǧֵ߰Ŀ趫Ŵྐྵð벿£δѡ¡̫ˡʹǧٰʮֵġӡǧһʮֵġǡһʮԡƾǧǰġ޸֪⡢ġҡιƽµӦ2070ַѵ⣬ȱ£иҽٲ鵤ϲи򵥵ȷsimple certainty֮ĺ׼ٹ󡱡ʵ˵ɣ֡ŸٳͷԵˣ̸ʹйִ

ǲ۾˼ҹԼյʲô˼Ѿǵİ壨patriotism of reflectionˣȴڡ¾ҡ϶Ȧӣ˼Ѿѧsocial anthropologyˣȴڡˡ̫ͼϷ˼ȨĴѾ˼ٱˣȴ̸ѧеġe֮ٻعͷǧЩʲôǺǧꡰѡܡˣûоһֺͶƱǺǧꡰˣûһԺǺǧꡰزڼˣͻļ̱˭ࣻǼǧĿӣǿӵĺȴͯ뿼רҡЩıʵѵʹѵǻҪںŹ

Ļ²㣬ҰࡣͳΪȫйΪ⻴֮סתɡⲻ֪֮ԱףǹĻĹǮ¾ôйģ

    й֮ܳת䱳ϵйͳĻ֮Ǳڰвݡʷۡҳ95

    Ļġвݡʹй½תⲻĴ״˵̸ĻʵĳϺ͹˼·ǺܽģڡȶϡprejudgementȨ顢Ϊ۶ϣego-centrie predicamentͳһͰdwarf˼롢̸ͳͳʷ֪ʽԤԣhistorical prophecyüֵȾɫʣvalue-tingedtermsʮһ㣬빲˼ʵûʲôͬ¿һλҼͬУ˵

    ĵƲǡ׼ҵꡱ̨߼ɹյ״ԭܶ࣬˼뷽˵廯˼ƻ˵ǧ廯˼ĳɹʹǴйˣȱѧ߼֤¡ޡ׼ҵꡱȻշʵ˼ͳһ⡷

    Ļˣǡȱѧ߼֤һȺǧ廯˼롱ѵʹǵķ߱͸Թϸһ봫ͳѵһļϡѡëҵꡱԺ󣬱ϵȻԿ׼ңǹȴһл廯˼롱·Ϊǵģһģν˷Ҳ֮Ҳ

    ԽշǷΪ˷߽зģԼڣ˼ûƣ˼ҷ֮Ͼǡ˼ҷɵĹҲķǶƺ󡣷ɶúܣѡһЩҵġȷģǸ

ʮ꣬Ǯдʷ١ۣ˵δĻ˥ϢϾ̵֮óߡǸ꣬λʱӰ˵ĻȫˣдйĻʷۡȴ˵ںĻʹйͳĻʵһ⣬ôйôڣйͳĻԽʧڡҳ162

ǰ˵ĻڹҾ군ˣ˵ĻڹһԲ군ĻǮﾹôЦһԱһأһɡôܽʴأǮΪǿĻҪϧá֮Цˣ磬׳ģϧֱ̫ұ䣬֮ĩҲѣʥ죣࡮䡯Ҳ

Ǯǰˣϸ飬ԵԺΪƾԸǵĴͳĻڲʹǹ岻ڣʵһҪǰᡣǰᣬƲɼõʱǾ֪ѡˣ

ǵѵܡǸӡʢ˥ʷ̫ˡǵҲйƺƵ۷磻ǩɥȨԼ䲻ǣȴɣǿĩԺϧĻеĹ̲Ҫˡеķ䲻ҪˡеķװҪˡеҪˣе̫̫ҲҪˡ̫ˣˣѧΪ壬ѧΪáĻǹҲ֪ںϡĻԴĻ֪ʲôԽǰֻ֪ǵʱǸУѧ⣬һжǲʵʵġǺγԸһԶĻǺγ֪ĻࡰǺγԸԡ족桰ѧϰΪʲôʹЩյΪʲôûȥоºĬĻ

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๫ֳӵйĻǿҵķӳһʶ

ǿһڲʱ߲͡϶exalted identificationsٿʶķչ붼ѵʱڡ̫ġѡʶڱǿԺ֮ǿƵ۵ǾͿʶǿҵɷ֣һֿƺǵɷ֡һڿƵʱԹŭ飬޴ֱӷйһҪһĿꡣԷʶһʱʵڵĻĵˣ֮ʶγҪǷӦԣresponsiveģǵжԣpolemicģ̬սԣchallengingģȻڱϳԵ۱磬ʵȫһԵĲӵĸҪԵá

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˵ġŻ֮еĽȴһ١ٶŻͳǧǿݣʹ˾ú治ƸǡˣȻ뵽Щʲôֻû褴ﲻɡľ磬¶㡣ǿˣ¶㣺

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CW. G. CochranSampling Techniques.º1953N. Y. p1117p. 3135.

DG. W. SnedecorW. G. CochranStatistical Methods.˹ڵ¿˿ºͳƷ1957p496501. 

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Ǻεۣԭֽкʯʯֽкԭʯֲָͬwhat is designatedһҲˣǳкԭ͵óкʯһкʯͬʱȴ˵ԶʲôԭǺεȻ£Ǻε췽ҹ̷ʽġ߼Ȼȴŵġ족֡߼һ˵ʵmetahistory˴롮ʷѧͬ塣ͬʱ˵ԶʲôMetahistoryֻкԭżϺʯţŻᡰԽǰǧ̸ӵ߼̶ȣܹšϣء͡ȱӰӣѵˡ˼߼

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ڶ˵ٹ⡱߼ϣǼûй⡱ֻڹֵйԣ١ѡְ˼⣬ֳҲ֪ڸʲôӢӽӼң

ʣձʱйأ֪𰸣Լѵ˵Ļ飬飬飡-־-Ĵۺ-ƪ־-κ־-Ĵ顤ۼ͡롰ίūӡ˭͵ģκرôģȰˡɲɽ̿šԼΪʲôͷô򿪡սγ̱׼ʺϡ߼ѧѧáݱġ±ʷͷձʵΪķʮĬдʮ飬ñʷ֪ʶȸѧ

ǻνġˡ֪ģǷҪǷõϣΡȫһ𣬵˵ûͷûԵҴһԼˡСȴádwarfĽǣ󡮾ˡֺŷԳ֮ʡǡһʵ19͵գJohn Stuart MillùUtilitarianismLiberty and Representative Governmentҳ170ҽָ˼ָͳɡ˼룬þд塣鲻ϸģЦ˵λࣨᣡ˶רŪʵʡΪ֤Ҳ˺˵ñս˭ڡרŪ顱˭ڡʵʡ˭ڡſڿӡСѧʵġġġĴ𸴣

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ϸ롰ĽǲڡĻ֪ǹŴ˰ѵԲȻˡ˵ԲԲʹط㷽ˣ仰Ľ͡Ȼ˾ͯɵı˵صĲġ

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Լʧ̬ܰٱҽԹԡ

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ˣҵһƪдģҪĻһǷ⹫ţҲ˴ˣ˵÷أ粻Ų̄ҲӦģУÿ»Ǯ־ˣҲϲС֪ࡱģ˲̫٣ϣѧʷͦһֿѧľ񣬰Ļıһ붨Էȥ䡰Լһֶ׸ѧӻƤˣʣ¾֮㣬һȽϣȻǸһŶ׷ĳǴˣҲȺԭ֡һкǧﾡˮĴҪɰöࡣʮǰ֮ۡʱ̫ͳ첻˵øһЩô

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ٹڡ÷оһ׿ɿ

a Richard D. Hahn and Joseph Earle Moore,Sypilisin A. E. Smith and P. L. Wermereds.Modern TreatmentNew York, London, 1953.

b.Thomas ParranShadow on the LandSyphilisNew York, 1937.

c.Nels A. Nelson and G. L. Crainsyphilis, Gonorrhea and the Public HealthNew York, London, 1938.

dEvan W. Thomas,Syphilis: Its Courst and Managementwith bibliographyNew YorkLondon, 1949.

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ȻǾҵҪһǿʲôĴŮ

ڸֶHarold GreenwaldͿģAron Krichġ潼ѧThe Prostitute in Literatureѡ֣Alexander Kuprin꡷Yamaרŵһ¡ǰ꡷ⲿ飬˵һдŮգMagdaleneĹ¡

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