20195FB

    20190504FB

    ҷй
 
    ҷйⱾ飬ҵĵһѧⱾ˳棬Ҫл۳дѧ糤¼︱糤ԼⱾһڼ䣬ר˲ٱĽ飬ʹ޸ĺơС༭У壬ֲϸϵĸĽ֮ҷǳм

    ڳ༭Ŷ֮⣬кܶʦҪһһлȣлŴѧĵʦHans van de Venҵ֧Σ׫дʿĵͬʱӪҵ벩ʿļ޹оָڣҲǳм̨оԺʷо棨Լʦĸ½ǣƿ䡢ګʦһֱ֧ʦѧʷϵɽڣǵһλѧǶоҷѧߣⱾĳ壬ṩ˲ٱ⼸λʦϽѧ̬ȣѧϰİ

    Ȿ飬һʱɡҵѧУÿ׶ѧ֪ʶ˵ⱾдУһáڱѧѧƣľѧʼղȤΨܵʦڵġʱѡǹʦڵġй˼ʷſܴҵȤӾѧɵ˾˼ʷתƵйʷ磬ʱѡѧ˼ͶֵۣҶⱾ۵Ĺ˶˸̵ڻʢٴѧUniversity of Washington˶ʿڼ䣬һŶ˹۹ʷѧImperial Russia HistoriographyֿΣӴ˿ʼӴʷоڽŴѧʿڼ䣬ʦйսʷֿΣѧ˲ٴӽойʷĹ۵㡣֮ЩⱾдṩ˰˴ѧоȤ׹ȥҵ֪ʶеõ֡

    ʷϵѼⱾдڼٵսɫʵĵԴҪرܲлһĪ˹ƴѧʷϵҶʿڱѧ˼ѧԺʿ󣩣ڶ˹ҵҷĸ˾ڡƬǩҾϲ֡ܶ½ѧȥĪ˹ƣԸʱƣֻܴҴҷĵδҶôĹ򡣵ڶл񲿵Ϊ账ͼԱۡ־ӢԲĵṩ˴İҷǳмҾһļĿ࣬̾رйԱġڹ项Ǿֵ֡Щʷϣйʷоһ󱦿⣬ֵ뷢

    ڲ׵ͬʱ˼ϣҶر⣬һⱾΪڲ鵵УҵܶƲá˳µľ͸ܱ°̣ýζܱ°Լ֮£ҺԴһ˶緹ӰӡСȻξ¼ߵ人񵳺͹Ṥ˶쵼Ȩ桸ȥعз˵һڹͷϵĴүˡԴû͵飬رȤұʾлǸһę́ʷܱ°̺Դ壬ҷǳ𾴵ĳѣǽ˽Ǿֵһ

    ⣬ҪرлӢнڣΪⱾдһƪΪʵԡڲɽĽ£ҺӢнڽϵҾݣнȵĽ̸ÿ̸һǳۺܶоʱشȫ˴صй·̡żȻӢҵһ1927ľɱֽӡںݽƬڸ˵òˣ˵ƬĺܶΣûôõġڻĸ׫дġɯ¼ҷǳؿˣе<>ɯŮʿĹ£ǣһĹ˲ĸʲô 

    ʮָѧĵߡʦѺ;ĸⱾġΡ20168Ѿɣһ飬˵Լҷûʲôоֻ˼Ҫע׫д޶͸¼غϵģҶⱾ˺ĸ顣Ҳ˵Ȿ׸ȥĸ׵ģֻΪʷѧоĿˣøΪҸе

     2018.12.24 ¹±ѧ

    20190515FB

    ϰƽӴ̨źš

    £̨ȥ½ηεΪ糱Ǻ褡γ褡ƽȺȥ˸㶫һⲮȥ̫ԭÿλ̨һר̷ȥ棬л̸ӡ˵ӽһҲָ־ᶨһڽӴ̨ϣһȷʵ˵䷶ӴǱִ½̨߲⣬һ˭ֻϵʵ壬㡣

    ȥ㶫ɽ壬ȥȻͬȥ˱ӵķֱǲͺȫЭϯӭ´ʣ̨Ȼ󲨣ʵϣİ˷ӽǷǳ͵ĹٷӴ籾ӭףػɹͬʱǿϰƽ12ŵ̸Ϊֽ׶δ½̨ĺķָԭϣԼһЩ仰رֵע⡣

    ˵Щ̨ģѺϡ仰ִָϸմ½׼ָҲǺ褵ġ½ϵͳԴӺºȫ۱½褵ֻ£ͦĳ̶ֳǺʹ½ִġ仰Ȼûа⣬Ӧ֪ȻҪͦ͵취ıִ½⣬Լûô

    ͸¶ȥʾ־ŶʶӺܲù˵ӲùʵԭǲԱ֤ǣԲΪ־Ŷʶ͸褣ȷʵ̨ˡŶʶǣ˰죬ʵЧʮޣΪ褰ġŶʶƫԭġŶʶĺԭһйնԹĽ̨ͣʹ½ййл߼褴ӸȥţлУǴ̨ʡܵ˸ʡȴ˵СȻȫƫˡŶʶĻ塣ɴ˿֪Ŷʶ̨ΪϷΪ롹½ٷȴԽţ˵Ƕʵ̨˽⣬ȻڲСࡣ

    ǣŶӺרѧߣԶһģѭ򽥽չ־Ŷʶϣú褸ߣȴУһֱΧںϴתòΪʧͣ褶ƮƮǣߣ´ԽԽ̨Կ͹۵һ棬˵Ϊ־Ŷʶ̨尤ȻǲԵġϵͳܡ־ŶʶĽĿֻл͵ġҹʴȨĲƵʱȴһٵҪ˵Ϊ־ŶʶӲùֻлʸ񽲡

    ýˣβμýᣬȫЭϯίǲһͬӴѾӡй񵳵ǰϯϵǽйϯУӽ½ġĽӴûɲϰƽӴڱȴֻ󣬲ֵùעָ塣

    ȫЭϯҲǡй̨쵼С项鳤ʼӴ̨ͷŵźŷǳȷ̨ٳδشͻƣϰƽ̨ĹעȴͣҲ𽥼١ϰƽ̬ȣڽ12š̨ͬ顷ʮLļϣѱطǳԣֽ׶εҪֻ⣬̨⣬ȷ̬ɣʣµĽӴкȻΪ

    20190516FB

    ľɽɽѧʿĳֵʮش

    ԡרҡͷ̨ӽĿƵƵʱͷģľɽɽѧUniversity of San FranciscoʿУʹ˴ŵĴãΥɽɽѧHonor CodeھɽɽѧѧԺĹԪĻרҵInternational and Multicultural Education ProgramýʿEdDѧλĿǡĸԻоγ̵Է˼һԵоParents Critical Reflections on the Inclusion of Chinese Americans in the Social Studies Curriculum: A Participatory StudyίԱDr. Rosita Galang (ϯ), Dr. Aida Joshi, and Dr. Ellen HerdaɡĴǳأдŸɽɽѧѧίԱᣨAcademic Integrity CommitteeҪչ飬ݸУ涨س̶ȣǷĵĲʿͷΡʮٹ̸ʿĵľݣԣҽ幤̨̽λϵӵġרҡѧɾ͡

    1. ȡĲʿĵĹϷͼ

    2. ĲʿĲοҳĴ

    ڲοҳĵ8588ҳо46οϣ33ġгοҳԭģΪ˺˲ȷУ29Եĳݴ󣨲ο1,3,6,7,9,10,11,12,14,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,27,28,30,31,32,33,35,42,43,44,456ڲĳϢƴд󣨲οף4, 26,27,35,36,46⣬ο2ǳ⻹6οʱ޷ҵοף5,8,37,39,40,41

    1. Abbot, K.A. (1994). Harmony and individualism. Taipei: Oriental Cultural Press.

    [Ĵ: Abbott, K. (1970). Harmony and individualism; changing Chinese psychosocial functioning in Taipei and San Francisco (Tung fang wen ts?ung). Taipei]; ̨ :: [Orient Cultural Service]; ĻӦ.]

    2. Ada, A.F., & Freire, P. (1989, January). San Paulo, Brazil. Transcript taken from a video dialogue recorded in Paulo Freire's home.

    ?[ο׷ǳ]

    3. Aronowitz, M. (1993). The social and emotional adjustment of immigrant children: A review of the literature. International Migration Review. 18 (2), 237-257.

    [Ĵ: Aronowitz, Michael. (1984). The Social and Emotional Adjustment of Immigrant Children: A Review of the Literature. International Migration Review, 18(2), 237-57.]

    4. Asian American Children's Book Project. (1976, July). How children's books distort the Asian American image. Bridge. 4, 5-27.

    [: How Children's Books Distort the Asian American Image. Criteria for Analyzing Books on Asian Americans. Survey of Childrens' Books: Chinese American, Japanese American, Korean American, Vietnamese American, General. (1976). Bridge, 5-27.]

    5. American Council of Education. (1991). Textbooks in evaluation. Washington DC.

    ?[ʱ޷ҵ]

    6. Banks, J. (1991). Multiethnic education  theory and practice. Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon.

    [Ĵ: Ȿкܶ汾ֱ1981, 19881994,Ҳ˵1991档]

    7. Broaddur. D.L. (1991). Crisis of minorities in American secondary and post secondary education. Contemporary Education. 59 (T). 30-33.

    [Ĵ: Broaddus, Darrell L. (1987). Crisis of Minorities in American Secondary and Post Secondary Education. Contemporary Education, 59(1), 30-33.]

    8. California State Department of Finance. (1998). Public schools census. Sacramento, CA: State Department of Education.

    [ʱ޷ҵ]

    9. California State Department of Education. (1992). Guide for multicultural education content and context. Sacramento, CA: State Department of Education.

    [ͬ1977һCalifornia. State Department of Education. Bureau of Intergroup Relations. (1977). Guide for multicultural education : Content and context. Sacramento: The Department.]

    10. Chu, L. (1992). The sensitivity of Chinese and American children to social influences. The Journal of Social Psychology. 109 (2), 175-186.

    [Ĵ: Chu, L. (1979). The Sensitivity of Chinese and American Children to Social Influences. The Journal of Social Psychology, 109(2), 175-186.]

    11. Council of Interracial Books for Children. (1992). Stereotypes, distortions and omissions in U.S. history textbooks. New York: Racism and Sexism Resource Center for Educators.

    [Ĵ: CIBC Racism Sexism Resource Center for Educators. (1977). Stereotypes, distortions and omissions in U.S. history textbooks : A content analysis instrument for detecting racism and sexism, supplemental information on Asian American, Black, Chicano, native American, Puerto Rican, and women's history. New York: Council on Interracial Books for Children, Racism and Sexism Resource Center for Educators.]

    12. Derman-Sparks, L. (1992, Winter). Challenging diversity with anti-bias curriculum. School Safety. 10-13

    [Ĵ: ƪ·1989ꡣ]

    13. Freire, P. (1973). Education for critical consciousness. New York: Continuum Press.

    ?[ǶԵġ]

    14. Freire, P. (1984). Pedagogy of the oppressed. New York: Continuum Press.

    [Ĵ: Ȿ 1970״ηӢģ19932000棬Continuum Press档˵1984޷ҵFreire, P. (1993). Pedagogy of the oppressed (New rev. 20th-Anniversary ed.). New York: Continuum; Freire, P. (2000). Pedagogy of the oppressed (30th anniversary ed.). New York: Continuum.]

    15. Giroux. H.A. (1981). Ideology, culture and the process of schooling. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.

    ?[ǶԵġ]

    16. Gordon, B. (1993). Cultural comparisons of schooling. Educational Researcher. 16 (6). 4-7.

    [Ĵ: Gordon, Bonnie. (1987). Cultural Comparisons of Schooling. Educational Researcher, 16(6), 4-7.]

    17. Hall, B. (1995). Participatory research: An approach for change. Convergence. 23,24-32.

    [Ĵ: Hall, Budd L. (1975). Participatory Research: An Approach for Change. Convergence, 24-31.]

    18. Henderson, A. T., Marburger, C.L., & Ooms, T. (1992). Beyond the bake sale: An educator's guide to working with parents (6th ed.l. Washington, DC : National Committee for Citizens in Education.

    [Ĵ : Henderson, A., Marburger, Carl L, Ooms, Theodora, National Committee for Citizens in Education, & George Washington University. Family Impact Seminar. (1986). Beyond the bake sale : An educator's guide to working with parents. Columbia, MD: National Committee for Citizens in Education.]

    19. Horton, B. (1991, August). On the potential of participatory research: An evaluation of a regional experiment. Paper presented at annual meeting of the Society for the Study of Social Problems, Toronto, Canada.

    [Ĵ: Horton, B. (1981). On the Potential of Participatory Research: An Evaluation of a Regional Experiment. Society for the Study of Social Problems, Society for the Study of Social Problems.]

    20. Janssens, L. (1993). The intergration of Hmong Adult into American Society. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of San Francisco.

    [Ĵ: Janssens, L. (1987). THE INTEGRATION OF HMONG ADULTS INTO AMERICAN SOCIETY THROUGH THE COMMUNITY COLLEGE: A PARTICIPATORY STUDY OF THE POSSIBILITIES OF CULTURAL PRESERVATION. (VOLUMES I AND II), ProQuest Dissertations and Theses.]

    21. Jarolimek, J.(I993). The status of social studies education throughout the nation. Social Education. 41. 574-598.

    [Ĵ: Jarolimek, John, Ed. (1977). The Status of Social Studies Education: Six Case Studies. Social Education, 574-9.]

    22. Jones, N.W. (1995, February). Self-review: A prerequisite for crossculture teaching. Momentum. 18(1), 32-33.

    [Ĵ: Jones, Nathan W. (1987). Self-Review: A Prerequisite for Cross-Cultural Teaching. Momentum, 18(1), 32-33.]

    23. Kane, M.(1992). Minorities in textbooks: A study of their treatment in social studies texts. Chicago: Quadrangle Books, Inc.

    [Ĵ:Kane, M., & B'nai B'rith. Anti-defamation League. (1970). Minorities in textbooks : A study of their treatment in social studies texts. Chicago: Published in cooperation with the Anti-defamation League of B'nai B'rith by Quadrangle Books.]

    24. Kattman, U. (1992). The attitude of 11-year old pupils toward people of other races. Studies in Education Evaluation. 5,(3), 243-252.

    [Ĵ: Kattmann, Ulrich. (1979). The Attitude of 11-Year-Old Pupils toward People of Other Races. Studies in Educational Evaluation, 5(3), 243-52.]

    25. Kieffer, C.H. (1981, April). Doing "dialogic retrospection": Approaching empowerment through participatory research. Paper presented at the international meeting of the society for Applied Anthropology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland.

    ?[ǶԵġ]

    26. LaRae, P. (1992). Parent involvement: Relationship of expectations, goals, and activities to student achievement among minority, socioeconomic, and gender groups. San Francisco, CA: American Educational Research Association.

    [Ĵ: Phillips, LeRae. (1992). Parent Involvement: Relationships of Expectations, Goals, and Activities to Student Achievement among Minority, Socioeconomic, and Gender Groups., 1992.]

    27. Lee, M. (1992). Cultural pluralism and American textbooks. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Oregon.

    [Ĵ: Lee, M. (1972). CULTURAL PLURALISM AND AMERICAN TEXTBOOKS: A STUDY OF THE CHINESE IMMIGRANTS IN OREGON, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses.]

    28. Lynch, J. (1990). The multicultural curriculum. London: Batsford Academic and Educational, Ltd.

    [Ĵ: Lynch, J. (1983). The multicultural curriculum (Education in a multicultural society). London: Batsford Academic and Educational.]

    29. Maguire, P. (1987). Doing participatory research: A feminist approach. Amherst, MA: University of Massachusetts.

    ?[ǶԵġ]

    30. Marcus, L. (1978). The treatment of minorities in secondary school textbooks. New York: Anti-Defamation League of B'nai B'rith.

    [Ĵ: Marcus, L., & B'nai B'rith. Anti-defamation League. (1961). The treatment of minorities in secondary school textbooks. New York, N.Y.: Anti-defamation League of B'nai B'rith.]

    31. Park, P. (1996). What is participatory research? A theoretical and methodological perspective. Unpublished manuscript, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA.

    [ϲȷParkдƪѾ1993һг֣һģһPark, P. (1993). Voices of change : Participatory research in the United States and Canada. Westport, Conn.: Bergin & Garvey.]

    32. Perlmutter, P. (1992, March). Ethnicity, education, and prejudice: The teaching of contempt. Ethnicity. 8(1), 50-66

    [Ĵ: Perlmutter, Philip. (1981). Ethnicity, Education, and Prejudice: The Teaching of Contempt. Ethnicity, 8(1), 50-66.]

    33. Rich, D. (1993). Bridging the parent gap in education reform. Educational Horizons. 66 (2L 90-92.

    [Ĵ: Rich, Dorothy. (1988). Bridging the Parent Gap in Education Reform. Educational Horizons, 66(2), 90-92.]

    34. San Francisco Chronicle, November 7, 1999, 12. Asian influence in our mayoral race.

    ?[ʱ޷ѯֽòAPAñֽʽ]

    35. Seelye, H.N. (1981). Teaching culture. Skokie, IL: National Textbook Company.

    [Ĵ: Seelye, H. (1984). Teaching culture : Strategies for intercultural communication (Rev. ed.]. ed.). Lincolnwood, Ill.: National Textbook.]

    36. Siu, S.F. (1992). How do family and community characteristics affect childrens educational achievement? Equity and Choice. 8(2), 46-69.

    [Ĵ: Siu, Sau-Fong. (1992). How Do Family and Community Characteristics Affect Children's Education Achievement? The Chinese-American Experience. Equity and Choice, 8(2), 46-49.]

    37. State Board of Education. (1994). Social studies curriculum in California public schools. Sacremento, CA: Joseph York.

    [ʱ޷ѯ]

    38. Steward, E.C. & Bennet, M.J. (Eds). (1991). American cultural patterns: A cross-cultural perspective. Yamouth, MA: Intercultural Press,.

    ?[ǶԵġ]

    39. Takaki, R. (1998). Strangers from a different shore. New York: Back Bay Books. United States Commission on Civil Rights. (1995, December).

    [Ĵ: Takaki, R. (1998). Strangers from a different shore : A history of Asian Americans (Updated and rev. ed., 1st Back Bay ed.). Boston: Little, Brown.]

    40. Characters in textbooks. Washington, DC : U.S. Commission on Civil Rights, Clearinghouse Publication No. 61.

    [Ĵ: Wirtenberg, J., Murez, Robin, & Alspektor, Rose Ann. (1980). Characters in textbooks : A review of the literature (Clearinghouse publication ; 62). Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office.]

    41. Vandegrift, J.A., & Greene. A.L. (1992). Rethinking parent involvement. Educational Leadership. 46(19), 23-49.

    [Ĵ: Vandergrift, Judith A., & Greene, Andrea L. (1992). Rethinking Parent Involvement. Educational Leadership, 50(1), 57-59.]

    42. Verma, G.K., & Bagley, C. (Eds.). (1994). Race relations and cultural differences. London: Croom and Helm.

    [Ĵ: Verma, G., Bagley, Christopher, & University of Bradford. International Centre for Intercultural Studies. (1984). Race relations and cultural differences : Educational and interpersonal perspectives. London : New York: Croom Helm in association with the International Centre for Intercultural Studies, University of Bradford ; St. Martin's Press.]

    43. Wong, S.L.C. (1993). Chinese immigrant students in the California classroom. Berkeley, CA: University of California, Berkeley.

    [Ĵ: Wong, Sau-Ling Cynthia. (1989). Chinese Immigrant Students in the California Classroom. New Faces of Liberty Series. 1989.]

    44. Yao, E.L. (1994). Working effectively with Asian Immigrant parents. Phi Delta Kappan. 70(3), 223-225.

    [Ĵ: Lee, Esther Yao. (1988). Working Effectively with Asian Immigrant Parents. Phi Delta Kappan, 70(3), 223-25.]

    45. Yee, A.H. (1993). My optic perceptions and textbooks: Chinese Americans' search for identity. The Journal of Social Issues. 2 9 .99-114.

    [Ĵ: Yee, A. (1973). Myopic Perceptions and Textbooks: Chinese Americans' Search for Identity 1. Journal of Social Issues, 29(2), 99-113.]

    46. Zanger, V.V. (1988, Spring). Teachers debate: Solutions to crosscultural dilemmas. Equity and Choice. 4 (3), 13-18.

    [Ĵ: Zanger, Virginia Vogel. (1988). Teachers Debate Solutions to Cross-Cultural Dilemmas. Equity and Choice, 4(3), 13-18.]

    3. ĲʿеĴ

    ޸ĵĲο׺ڿȷġ塹ĲοԴ޸ĺĳѶϢϸʹõãĳҳŵġöǡáо£

    1. ĵviiiҳ,(Takaki, 1989, p.2)һλṩĳѶϢָӦTakaki, R. (1998). Strangers from a different shore : A history of Asian Americans (Updated and rev. ed., 1st Back Bay ed.). Boston: Little, Brown.]Ȿĵ2ҳҲʹõһáʵϣλڸ19ҳ

    2. ĵ2ҳprovide culturally sensitive and validating experiences to students from different cultural backgrounds (Hall, 1995, p.54). ǰ, ڲοҳṩĳѶϢǴģȷHall, Budd L. (1975). Participatory Research: An Approach for Change. Convergence, 24-31). Ȼƪļֻڵ2431ҳ54ҳ⣬HallƪУҲĵһá

    3. ĵ2ҳ(Broadddur, 1991, p. 23)ǰ, ڲοҳṩĳѶϢǴģͬʱƴȷBroaddus, Darrell L. (1987). Crisis of Minorities in American Secondary and Post Secondary Education. Contemporary Education, 59(1), 30-33.) Ȼƪļֻڵ3033ҳ23ҳ

    4. ĵ4ҳдIn 1991, the American Council of Education published a report on the treatment of minorities in textbooks. The study found that textbooks omitted Chinese Americans contributions to California (Kane, 1992). ǰ, Kaneƪ³1970꣬ν1992ꡣˣһ1970Ĳοȥһ1991ıȻġ

    5. ĵ4ҳд"The suffering of Chinese immigrants and other lower class ethnic groups ought to be a major component in the social studies curriculum" (LaRae, 1992, p.23). ǰİƴLeRaeLaRae⣬λLeRaeµĵ23ҳδ֣ƪҲѰ

    6. ĵ4ҳʹһγãΪDerman-Sparks (1992)µĵ10ҳǰƪµķʱ䣬ʵΪ1989ꡣĵγãDerman-Sparksµĵ10ҳδ֣ƪҲѰصô

    7. ĵ7ҳдThere are some Chinese students who have learning problems; some lack motivation and English language proficiency; others have experienced racial tensions; and some are still in the process of dealing with the cultural differences between the home and school (Gordon, 1993).  ǰ, ڲοҳṩĳѶϢǴģȷ1987ꡣϸĶGordon£ҲܽλGordon۵ֱϵ

    8. ĵ7ҳдThey often typecast Chinese Americans as the "model minority" (Aronowitz, 1993). Aronowitz£model minorityChinese Americansؼֶδ֡

    9. ĵ7ҳʹһBanks (1991)е78ҳĳ. ṩ׳ָ Banks, J. (1991). Multiethnic education  theory and practice. Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon. ǰⱾֻ1981, 19881994汾Ҳν1991档ٲ19881994ĵ78ҳҲʹõĳá

    10. ĵ10ҳдDuring the 1960s and 1970s the impetus for change often came from curriculum development centers and their allied publishers. More recent proposals for change have come from a wider range of institutions, including professional organizations, government agencies, private foundations, interest groups and individuals (Jarolimek, 1993). ʵϣJarolimek ·1977꣬д1993ꡣˣ1990ĩдʱһ1977оɹΪmore recent proposalǷǳǣǿġ

    11. ĵ12ҳдһο (Sun, 1993) ȻοҳУȴûУSun1993һ

    12. ĵ1516ҳдKatmandu (1992) pointed out that(Perimeter, 1992). 仰ö߻˭ߣΣKatmanduPerimeterƴˣperimeterǡܳ˼ʵϣKatmanduӦΪKattmann, Ulrich. (1979)PerimeterӦΪPerlmutter, Philip. (1981).

    13. ĵ17ҳFreire (1984). ǰⱾ1984沢ڡߣ˵Ըĵ34ҳȻ19932000ĵ34ҳҲáͼ֮,ĻдThe researcher is convinced that participatory research is the appropriate methodology for her to use. ȻPaulo Freireеġ

    14. ĵ18ҳһ1991ĳYee (1993)ΪۡǰYeeƪ¸ʵʷΪ1973ꡣһ1973£д1993棬Ϊ1991ۣȻصĴá

    15. ĵ19ҳдMarcus (1978) summarized the rationale for this development:

    If the Asian American is to live in a complex American society and even more complex world, and still assert his own humanity, he must know his own cultural history as Asian American. (p.56)

    ?ʵϣMarcus1961꣬˵1978ꡣMarcusҲʹõáɺϵǣЩʹõľ䣬ͳWei, W. (1993), The Asian American movement (Asian American history and culture). Philadelphia: Temple University Press44ҳľһģһ

    If the Asian American is to live in a very complex America and an even more complex world, and if he is to be able to assert his own humanity in these spheres, he must know his own cultural history as an Asian American.An Asian American student (1968)

    λ1968һѧĿУ϶Marcus1961

    16. ĵ25ҳдBy the 1870s, 75% of farmers in California were Chinese. In the vineyards, they harvested the grapes, and they dug the underground wines cellars (Yao, 1994). ǰ, ڲοҳṩĳѶϢǴģʵΪ1988ꡣ⣬YaoûгκΡgrape͡wine

    17. ĵ26ҳдThe Chinese actually taught their skills to the American farmer how to plant, cultivate, and harvest or chard and garden crops, wrote Carey McWilliams, a historian who has studied California agriculture.ʵϣCarey McWilliamsʷѧңhistorianһλߣinvestigative journalistάٿhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carey_McWilliams_(journalist)ߣĲδṩCarey McWilliamsԭӦΪthe Chinese actually taught their overlords how to plant, cultivate, and harvest orchard and garden crops. Wyman, M. (2010). Hoboes : Bindlestiffs, fruit tramps, and the harvesting of the West (1st ed.). New York: Hill and Wang. (p.215) Ȿ2010꣬McWilliamsԭȻڴǰѳֹĵ֪ιʣ American farmerȡˡoverlordsԭⲻ

    18. ĵ28ҳдAt the end, the Chinese hand laundry business was in permanent decline and was no longer the economic lifeline of the Chinese community (Yao, 1994). ȻlaundryʣԼʣδYao

    19. ĵ28ҳдWhen the Chinese banking institutions ran into financial difficulties, some ownership changed hands during the 1970s and 1980s (Lee, 1992). ǰ, ڲοҳṩĳѶϢǴģȷ1972ν1992һ1972ĳȥ19701980Ѿ£ȻǴá

    20. ĵ32ҳFreire (1973)The problem-posing educator constantly re-forms his reflections in the reflections of the students. The students  no longer docile listeners are now critical co-investigators in dialogue with the teacher. The teacher presents the materials to the students for their consideration and re-considers her earlier considerations as the students express their own. (p.68) ǰѶϢǶԵġȻԭ68ҳһƬûνľ䡣

    21. ĵ3233ҳ(Freire, 1984)3470ҳǰ, Ȿ1984沢ڡڸ19932000ĵ3470ҳͬҲʹõľ䡣

    22. ĵ41ҳʹPark1996һáǰƪ¼Park, P. (1993). Voices of change : Participatory research in the United States and Canada. Westport, Conn.: Bergin & Garvey.]ĵ120ҳ20ҳҲʹõһá

    23. ĵ41ҳá(Freire, 1981).ȻĵĲοҳδ֡(Freire, 1981) οס

    

    оٵ֤ݣ֤ʵĵĲʿĴڴáοҳ46ѶϢ33ģʹõԴԭʼ22ӣӦڴáڴõǷ񹹳ɳĵĲʿͷΣдɽɽѧ飬ۡ

     2019128

    20190530FB

    ӭ̨½ηǺ£Ӧ˵̨硸ͳɡηãʵǣά״޾ܴ½ǫ̂ʶ½ηõģϸɸѡЩͬͳһˣ̨ԲǸĴ֮ĴԲͬͳһ

    ӰEQQȺ578505007ɵɣwjm_tcy

    ӰEȺ437813363

    ֲݣɽӣwww.leeaoweb.com

    Դվŷleeao.net

    ͹///С//ͷ

