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    ʷ֡ϯ׷Sterling SeagraveμThe Song DynastyڶʮôΣ

    That February, although he was no longer President of Nationalist China, Chiang Kai-shek arranged for the government's remaining gold reserves to be removed urgently to Taipei. If he was to leave President Li holding the bag, Chiang evidently wanted to be sure the bag was empty. This meant no payroll for Li's dwindling armies, no food for the soldiers still holding out. When Li discovered that his treasury had been emptied, he plaeaded with U.S. Ambassador John Leighton Stuart for American aid, to allow him to negotiate with Mao from a position of strength. Ambassador Stuart advised him to ask for patriotic contributions from the KMT officials who had salted away billions of American aid in their foreign bank accounts.

    Chiang Kai-shek summoned Sun Fo, and made the kind of suggestion that was certain to electrify the poor fellow into folly. Chiang suggested that this was the time to establish a separatist government in Canton, just as Dr. Sun had done so many years before. The Generalissimo promised the doctor's son that if he did this Chiang would be able to launch a new Northern Expedition. Sun Fo hurried off to Canton. But, before the month was out, even the lackluster Sun Fo came to his senses and left quickly for exile in France. Chiang began shipping his remaining loyal troops across the Formosa Strait to Taiwan. With enough money and soldiers, and with all the riches of mainland China that could be transported, perhaps even he could hold out there indefinitely. His next-to-last stop was Shanghai.

    In Shanghai tha April, Big-eared Tu saw Chiang one last time. The Generalissimo was conferring with General Tang En-po, who proposed to make Shanghai a "Secon Stalingrad". Paper Tiger Tang, the hero of the Yellow River dikes, made wild declarations of patriotism and now forecast total victory over the reds. He had thousands of coolies dig a great moat and build a ten-foot-high bamboo palisade, to no apparent military end. It was understood that he had a relative in the lumber business.

    Chinag's real reason for coming to town was to get Big-eared Tu and the Green Gang to help his rob the Bank of China. He wanted the money badly. He had no intention of fleeing to Taiwan without it. His hopes for the gold yuan had collapsed after only a few months, when word got out that there really was no gold to back the new currency. The gold had been there at one time-six million ounces of it. While half of that had vanished with the Soongs and Kungs, according to official charges, the remaining half had just vanished. What gold there was left in China was private gold still in this bank.

    The gold yuan hoax was Chiang's parting shot at history. Five months after the gold yuan was introduced at an' artificial exchange rate of four gold yuan to one U.S. dollar, the rate plummeted to one million to one. After that it went crazy.

    The people who suffered most were those earnest souls who somehow had managed to save one or two thousand U.S. dollars'worth of gold in the course of a lifetime, and obeyed Chinang's orders and brought it to government banks on the prescribed day to trade for gold yuans. When their gold yuans became worthless overnight, they could be seen sitting in teashops in Shanghai or Hankow or Canton, in a state of shock, abandoned by the Kuomintang, certain to be persecuted as capitalists by the Communists, sitting there without even enough coppers to spirit the wife and children out of the country to Macao or Hong Kong before the roof caved in. They were the last of Chiang's constituents.

    Chiang's plans for the Bank of China had been laid with considerable care. A dingy freighter was tied up on the Bund, oppostie the Cathay Hotel. Its coolie crew, dressed in filthy rags, were hand-picked naval ratings in disguise. Several executives of the Bank of China had been given large bribes and a promise of passage to safety on the waiting freighter; in return for opening the vaults. Nationalist troops cordoned off an area of several blocks around the bank, including part of the Nanking Road an the Bund. Out of the darkness came the steady chant of "coolies" as they carried their heavy loads; Each man carried two parcels on a bamboo. pole. They were ghoulish in the light of arc lamps illuminating the way form bank to freighte. Amazed, Georeg Vine, a British correspondent, watched the proceedings unnoticed from his office, where he had been working late on a dispatch. When he realized what was happening, he cabled his London office with an oddly philosophic message that "all the gold in China was being carried away in the traditional mannercoolies".

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    ʯһһŵû겻Ľ顣ʯ飬ѾڹݳʱˣǰһʯӦλҽӣԸܹһµıǣƸݳﱸһ»ʹҲִƲȾܣԢȥˡʯʼЩȻЧĲӣɹ̨庣Ͽǰ̨塣㹻ĽǮʿй½˹һвƸҲ̨ԶռȥĵڶݵϺ

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    Ԫĸ棬ƽȫͬӦһӵʱѮսȻδֹƽ֮ĿĲܴﵽ֮Ϳ̿мˣԼսһݡлܷ49ͳʲʱɸͳְȨ֮涨ڱ21ͳͳְȨȫ߸ʸϣͬһ£ͳһЭٳ֮ƽ

    ˡͳ

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    н֮תڰȫشһҪĹڲ֣ܵԴ˲˽⣬ʾ֮Ǣ˵벼ãֱգʼܽ󲿷ֽ˴̨ţϺֻʮƽ𡣴ͬѪ֮ᾧ粻ܸ𱣴棬ʹãν˷ѣʷˣһֺܴ

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    ʷίԱҪֽ̨˻أ֮ã¡ֱıϧ͹֮ʷΪҲʹ

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    һͳְȨʹھ£ͳܷɵ֮Ȩκ˲Υ

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    οڡҵĸסһУΪṩµ˿

    ᵽĿƽİ˾Ӧø˵һ˵ϺҪ˵ʱ򣬸׾Ǽ˵ϺȥȰаѿĻƽȫ˵̨еʱ򣬸ǣǧҪܣΪԤϣһҪԿƽΪ̸֮һһƽǺ˳˵̨ˡڲǨ̨ĳڣûƽֲ;ΣѲˣﻹнȶľ棿˵۱ʱȱӸ⣬ǸǺεأƽ𵽴̨֮󣬸ּһҵ鱦о֣ٸϵϺȥȰоְһ鱦Ҳ˵̨Ᵽ档һ鱦ǿսʱһ຺ǷĲʤûգоִΪܵġΪιϺõĹ֪鱦ŵĵص㣬ԣ׾ȥִһ񡣵ҵϺԺѾ֪£׼ƶ鱦ԸǸܱˣɵȥʹ޷ȡ׽飺֪Σһ鱦Ѿ˲٣ʣĶֵʮǺαΪ֮ͬ˼˺ȴָ˵̨壬÷ʱ򣬾һҲǺõģԿɴֻӸ׵˼ȥУûзӰ鱦

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    οǰžֳԹġͳУдģȫǽʯ֮󡱵ĽԹ˵

    2¼һɴнʤġж؇ҵҪʲͳŴ½ݣԹܲõĵλɿ֮ܲܽƽ̨⽫֡Щ̨壬ڱҪ֮ʱ֧220ɡŴϢ쳣ŭͳԭҲִϣⲻΪͶ޹ĺ̸һ׵ıġҶͳЩڲɫ֮ѸתƵص㣬δռһš

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    նԹ˵ʹǿ۽磡ԭлˡʱȻһġܲáԸõܲõĵλʹƽ̨Թ˵𽯾һȤӣ

    

    ڽİֽ⣬˵¼Ҳҵ˿ȴӺйص

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    УܲںϷ˿ƽƵģʵΪʱûйְûйְһƽ񣬾Ȼְ˹еĻƽⲻʲôأ

    Ļʧʦѡ196062աһķϼƵļ¼

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    ٿƽеΰ󡷣196062աձһļ¼

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    ϳﻮͻƽ֮ǰϵ۷ɵϺʱϺıստʼϣֻ¿ͻԺ󣬼ң׼뿪ȻܺͰҽܣûκ֤ļ֤һƬҲûУʶǲߣֻðٰ͵غڵ绰ԣ˾ĵ绰ͨˣɳȫ徯ٱ֪ðʱܾǸǣǵľְأʱһһֵ

    ʱǹְԱݣԶķ緶196062աϱһи͸¶

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    󣬼͸¶ְ˹еĻƽֻᵽ̨ӦġϼƢݣȴ©Ϻ˵ġܽͷ졣

    ǽʯίҪܱɳʯȫҪܵ籾ı䷢ܽʯΡ顢ί顣˾˾𳤡۲ʡܲ𳤡̨ܲ˾³ʮ꣬ݡڡʮУڲϺ˹еĻƽ£ɼ˹ܡһղطдʯȡƽԪҵľȴй˵סղط䣬ʯҰʴͳ

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    ʱ򣬽ԲȯѾûҪˣ칤õԲȯϾͻԪƽӳ٣Ҫֵܱʧʱһ칫ʮˣȡʺȲˣܵгԪ۱һ˷ַɴ˿ɼʱԲȯֵ֮٣Ѿм۲ͬǰӵˡԽֻҪܿƽм⣬ǾǵڰʵĲȨȫߡ

    ǳ˵Ϻһ콯ȥױһӣܿ⽫ȫƽԪߡ

    㽭ˣѧҵڶսʱںίԱ顢񴦳̴ְҼһϵԺѵŸ߼ѵμ˳ġʵҵƻоᡱԣCCҲԨԴԭʡϯʱֵ˺1946궬һʵ˵Ļɲȡ˹Եİ취һ׼˰Աַص˰ֲֳ19471£ɵˮ˰ֳžˮʱֽҵزӲԱҵĶͷ˾ϵΪС

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    ֮һûʲô̫λҲߣȴ̴ͨҵĹϵ뽯˴ϹȻҲΪϵȥ涨ЩӲͨȫɽգԽ˸йؿ֧˼ı棬ֱͽκתһҪױܰ

    ʱѵУҪ飬ΪӺȥţȻĹΨǴӣ뷽棬ܷ࣬棬ҲȽϷġ𳤰칫ҹˣֻͬһ칫ڣǣһص绰첻뿪칫ңμκλ飻 ⸴˵˽˵ĻҪļӹƽԪұȻسʵ֣ھҪд壬⣩Խı档Խı棬һ㱨治֣ܼͬддʹ123Ȱ֣ƾı棬ʽģͲ⣬ǾǾ뽯̴ҵһרܵ뱾ˡ籨ֱӷ롣Щϵʹ˽һ㽯ʯĲĻƽԪĵ

    áϸ

    ڵʱġáϸˣղط䣬Сҡƽ𡱡Ԫ󲿷֡ڡҡ֣ղط˵ԼϰǧԪ֣ͷ̸ģҲϾͽ̨ˣΪʱʵ˭ף½Ѿվסˡˣ跨̨Բȯϵֱ̨ϹƼۣԲǫ̇岻ͨ½̨γˣȨͿڴ½Ϻ޹˼ɵطнԲȯÿһأеĽԲȯֻǷֽһţӰ̨Ľڡ̨ҵ׼ӺζҪȡҡ̨ɳ³ܣʸ޷Ⱦָڡƽ𡱲֣ղط˵ԭоʮγ׺˶ԣʵʮ󲿷 ǽ飬ÿʮʮﲻȣгɫ⻹лƽǧ˵ǽʯ˽˴ģΪ˱ڼأǽΪרΪֻƽƽʵԻһⱾǸڶ¡ʯȡù񵳵ͳȨѻΪΪˡһ̨ϾͽеȫƽԪߣǸй涨һĲ˽ڹĽ֧ǧһֱδڡԪ֣ղط˵ԼǧԪ

    ղطֻ䡰á˵

    ЩѪԾȫߺлƽԪһҺϺ˵ţŴһʱڣ̨塣ʱ帺ˣв֧˾˾³ɡƳҵȣǶʱģе˿ܻ֪Ļ

    Ժ

    ղطپ֪䡰Ժ󡱵̣

    Ժ󣬽ʯһ󷢽ԲȯһһЩΪɿĲӻΪӦĵλˣʵһƽԪݡ졢ɶݡˮеȵأһ㣬ɳҲ׼һٲ֣Ǳ¬̬Ȳδˣ

    ˭ʱҲ̫֪ǽʯ̴ҼԺܲð칫ңЩ̸ܿ׺֪ͨհ졣ǵʱǽƽԪմʱԷ졣һѣղԭ涨еֽҡ

    սַչ̫ˣһƻδʵʩڶڶոտʼֲˡеĵطȥһ룬;ֹͣϽʯʱʱֳ̣ϵӾôһ㣬һһϾ˹ʺ۽ҪֱԮطţԽҲһĸûһ׼Խı׸壬󲿷ұܵģ仯̫̫죬еĻ⡢ͷģֻһаеļ±졣һƢǷͰ˵֣ǿдԱֻ֣ж³˵˾乫˵Щ̣һ⣬˭Ҳ㲻ͷӣָ˵Ļ˭Ҳڳ

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