šʱ1895-1904

ʵź뿪̨󣬵Ϻڹʮһ꣨1895³ʮ36գ̻ذϼҡ

һؼңʾͿʼ飺

ؼʱҺųˣܿһ߰˴ߵżĸĺУʵҵʱҲ㼸£常dѧˡҵ̫СǱһֻߵ档˾Ҫ˱ѧòͼѧΪҽѧ֮ǰϵýһǧ֢١

Ϊڡϵýһǧ֡Ľ׼㡰ɡѧ

1.־

2.ǧġ

3.ټա

4.ͯʫһСӣȻڻ¡飬

5.ѧΪʫһģԱ೭ģšΪ֮ԡѧΪˣʥ

6.ԭѧҲӱһģ

7.ʫ

8.Т

9.ġСѧע

10.伯עעһ

11.ӡ伯עעһ

12.ѧ伯עעһ

13.ӹ伯עעһ

14.ʫ伯עĶһ֣

15.龭ע

16.׾䱾屾

17.ǡע

18.ѧ֡עһ

ָЩʦ壬磬ġͬࡱֻһˣʦĶӡСǸﵽȥ桱СϷϲ顣ԳǺԼһֱڲŻؼҡ

ͯӵʮҲɡݡͬѧͬĺѣǸѧרң˯ﰤȴԸ顣ʦҪȥ׽׽Ĵ󽫾ҲѧĺأʱҲˣֵòˣΪǡǲѧ

ʱ򣬡ǿ¡Сʡ֣ΪʲôҪѧΪʲôһԸ򡢰ЦԸ飿

֪йʽĲйС

ϣŮӹȻýѧȥܽкܵĽҲֻʮҰĽŮڼСţкѧ顣ô顱أǵֶ˵֣־䶼Ҫܶʱܶ硶־ϵġ̡СֻǡСȴ˵ǡʹѵǧϵġƣġҴʱʮѧڣ˸־˵ʲôԽ顱

Ϊ飬ҪȥСʱѧȥѧŶӣĸͷŻȥ緹ֱڣŵûؼҡϻҪҹ顱ʵ̫ˣСӶҪѧѧѧ׽֮Ҫܺ𷣣ĴģصĴƨɡС岻õģбѧĥģҲе񾭲Ģڡ

һСӵķǡʦָͷѧĹԴϣӣԡ֮

ùСʣڼ˽ӽУҲһΡΨһһΡ龭ʱġ̸ƪǶ죬ָ֮£ղ⡣̸ʹһ֡ӡ̸

ʮ꣬Ҳ֪нĺ͹࣬ѧ߶˵ƪǼٵģģ̸ڽһ࣬Ӧġо̸õĴҲƪǺ˼ġʱԼ룬ҵĻ̸Ҳкбһĳ޵ζբۣ

ʴСͶԶȤҪԭĸ׵ġƶȡСӵѧֻǡԪʦһѧȻĽ飬ÿֻ顢飬Ϊǡ顯Ϊѧȫ˵ʲôֻˡѧߡ

һ˲⡰ԪĽ׼ĸ׿Ҷ飬ѧرź񣬵һǮԺÿӣһӵʮԪѧڼҪ㡰Ƽ¼ˡĸ״Ҹ׵ĶΪҡ顱ÿһ֣뽲һֵ˼ÿһ䣬뽲һ˼ϵ˽ǧ֡ÿֶĸĽ⣬ʽѧ֮󣬲úܿࡣļȻ׵ģÿżɶĻϲӡСѧļµĲ֣Ϊǲ׶ãԱȽȤζͬѧ֮ѧ֡ģҳǵæǲϵõ֣˳Щ鿴֣ȴѧ֡СעΪע񻰺͹£徭Ȥζˡ

һ죬һСʹҺȻĸѧĴݡһͬѧĸдŸɷдˣĶϴؼȥһȥˣλͬѧѼų͵Ȼҵ`ϵһ䡮״ϥ¡ʲô˼ֻСһ꣬Ҳ飬ȴ״ϥ¡ʲôʱҲһرˣΪÿǮȥȴʮǮһǽ飺ĸΪҽ֣λΪҽ顣Ķ⣬нУ޽Сȫôܡ

ܡرĽʹ֪ʶϣһСռ˴ˣֱˣʹСС;ܿˮ䰴ڿⲿ飬ʹһءʹڡͯʷϴһʵ硱

ҾʱһҶСˣСǰǵѧãһԷпסһûпΣżȻ߽ԷȥżȻһֻúͰķֽ¶һ顣żȻⱾ飬ͷҧˣҲˡһȻΪҿһأȻҵĶͯʷϴһʵ磡

ⱾԭһСľĵӣҼǵúʼǡӴ͡һءϷ̨ϵ˭ˣվֻưߣⱾˮ䰴бһˡпɣ֮ҵܲùһǰЩʲôЩʲô⣬ҶܻشȴҪһشݡ

ⱾȥѰҵ壬Ϊᡰ˵Ц˵Цǡ¡С˵Ц顱ӦЦ顣徹û飬ȥѰػ磬ػ˵ûеӣȥһҼвһӡȥðɣһӡǡ塷֣صҺܸ˵ȥ

ҾȻšˮ䰴ȫ塷ҲˡӴԺҵȥС˵ޡ

ǣģĶ¼ִļµĿ

19.ӡˮ䰴

20.һӡ塷

21.»ʵ½ϡ

22.߽ʮ

23.˫ȵС˵

24.¥Ρ

25.ʷ

26.ի־졷

27.̸ϣ־ʿĹ£ձԭġĵһС˵

28.üǡ

29.ҹ¼

30.ҹ̷¼

31.ʷ

32.԰ġ

33.ݳ־

34.Ѧʹ

35.Ѧɽ

36.廢ƽ

37.ױ¥

38.šߡ

ڵʱʴС˵ΣڡʮĻ䣺

ҽС˵ʣ1923͹۹ʷĺˡҴ꣬ѡʡˣʮͿȡšͬͬѧãҪõѡźܸߣҲùҶ࣬Ҳв顣С˵ҿҽ赽С˵Ҳ˸һСۣѿС˵棬ʱʱȽϣ˭ࡣӺˣҼǵʱҵϺʮಿС˵ˢࡣ

ѴС˵ȥᣬõһһЩС˵Ǿ򡰱ҽǡ˵飬ЩɾաաաɡƻСǽ£֡ĵĹ·ɼϪʹ˽˹ĵ

ԣһӵѵʹܰ׻С˵Ӱͨ˳֣Ҷĵ˽⣬˲ٵ

ͯ֪ʶϵĽ⣬һҪ˼ϵĹɣǡӰ񡷡

ʵĸױһŵˣλү£ſ϶ˡɮԵӢ⡣Ժ󣬼ŮʿǱȻйձŷ

ֻ£ҲţһһЩȰơ鼮

39.

40.ׯ

ڽϲoͬʱڿ׷ӣ赽һ

41.ࡷ

ⱾѡʥҵľӣƵһ׷ϣʥĴͥãмλ¯̨ԳϦĤ(11)Ļ䣺

СʥΪĸ׵ļⱣ棬ҶʮؼʱٻҵڽȴѴݻƻˡʮһʱѱһ(12)

ΪʲôڡʮһʱѱһߡأΪһЩԵʣЩġСѧ⣬ǣ

42.ټ֪¼

43.ͨ

44.ͨ(13)

·ʮһʱ,ǰģ

һ죬ϰӵġСѧһ˾¹ļѵ۵Ļ˵

μƮɢЄvĥʩ(14)

ض⼸仰Ȼ˵ֱĿĸĵ״ǰҾöˡڵĺгڼ̳ϵʮĻ񣬺ʮ˲ţͷøֲ˲ϵɽ͹κȥιߣֲ״Ҳǰھöˡ仰μƮɢЄvĥʩܸˣزһָ򿪵(15)

ʼ۵㡣飬ʼ֪˾ķǵۡ۵ʹĵиеɡThis sounded like good reasoning and I began to doubt the idea of judgment after death.(16)ţ֡һ족

һ죬ҶͨһʮһμǷǣʱˣʱԼڹԪ510꣩Է̵Ĺ£˵

ۣΪ֮ʣ֮Ҳ֮Σ֮ڵδŵû棬գ۳Ұ֮ղ

ȶ˾۵ĻˣҶһۣ÷ǳסǳ˾ĻҲŵǵĻʹҸһ޹·һƩ˵κĹϵӺ͵ڵķһûеӣûеӵġ족ˣôû壬ƩǺǳԵģǡǡһ֪ʶСӵĳ̶ȣ÷˵е˾ʮֵۣȻ񶼸ˡӴԺҲ֪ĳһ޹ˡ(17)

۵ľ׶Ρ˾飬ʼ֪ǵۡ۵ʹΪһߣan atheist֡¼۵ʹСϲãҶԡҰ֮ղţ֮This simplification pleased my boyish mind and it gladdened my heart to read that Although the whole Court and country were against him, no one succeded in refuting him.(18)ţˡżȻۡ

ּͨǺ;ۡ£һҵ˼Ҳ˺ܴӰ졣ԭ£

ƺϣɮ۷𷨡֮ʢδСΪɮʳˮΪʧ塣

ʢ޷ԻεиƶԻͬɢϣ׹ϯ֮ϣǽ֮С׹ϯߣҲߣ¹Ҳ临;ںδѡ

һҲֻһƩҵʱֻ˵˼ҵʱʵڻ˽ⷶǵ۵ѧ塣һ֡żȻۡƻ̵Ĺֻ˵Сʱ˷ҹֻصĽѵ乷Ȼ˷ǲƩǳˣӾʹöˡ˾۽Ҳµ۽ҲֻءϲǵĻΪǽҲ¡ŷǵĻΪǽҲ(19)

ΪżȻۣɡżȻ۴ۡChance versus Determinism(20)ͻľ飬żȻ۵˵һˡֻʮ֣ͻһˡⲻǺżȻ¼ô(21)żȻʹʮһСԺдġ޹Ի(22)ʮдġۡ(23)ʮдڽ̡Ĳۡ(24)ʹһ˼롱(25)ܵ򡱣ҰָӰˡ

ʮһĺʵġ˼뾭ؽ֮󣬾ͲϰݷˡڡĸǰҹȻ˵Źۡĸ׽㣬աǰͷȻĲԸ⡱

һ˵ҪͤҪ⼸׵éȥܣҿһơһٴ򡣿û뵽ȴһԺ󡱣

һ£ĸͬżȥóǮżҰͷףֽǮĸҵͤȥлԸĸǸϵˣİںùףҹлסЦ񣬡ֻԼճʱ뵽Ȱ򻹸Ϊ𷣣(26)

仰˵СʵһжԹСѣСǰһɡСȥһ̫ƽվɹ˳ֹ˳˵ġܵΪǴҿƶ࣬Ǵĸϸǡʦʦһж졣ǿĸ׵ĶԼĻ䣺

ĸ׵Ľѵ֮ס˾꣬ļӰ졣

ÿʱҵĸ׾ͰҺѣҴӲ֪˶ˡˣŶ˵ʲô¡˵ʲôҪù顣ʱ˵׵ֺô˵Ҫ̤ӵĽŲһֻһȫˣҪѧҪĹɡɱǶ󡣣˵ĴʱŰҵ·ãȥѧѧϵ׷ȵѧſһܵȥš˰״ŷݳܻȥţ顣ʮ֮Уа˾ǵһȥѧŵġ

ȵˣұ飬Żؼҳ緹(27)

ÿ״̬û״̬һʹͬˣһܡš⿪ʼ

ĸ׹ϣǴĸϸڱǰһ䡢һ¡£ֻһҿ۹⣬סˡСȵڶ糿˯ѲŽѵҡ´ȵ˾ʱ˷ţңȻз򷣹򡢻šҵ⡣طܲҿ޳ѵӲǽ˳б(28)

һġӡص˫ǰ£һɻؼ㣬˾ʱ򡰵ڶ糿㣬ط޿ԣ׼仰˵Բ֪ǴͷĽ״

ԣʵġĸǡϸһǼεġžߡȰһʵ

һҹҳſ棬ֻһġʱĸ׵ӢĸҼסˣһСҴϡҲϴ˵ϰɣˡڻش𣺡ʲôӶѽҸ˵仰һ̧ͷĸ״Ӽ߳ҸϿСϡᱡĻˡ˾󣨰Ȳڶ糿ˣҹ£صһ١˵ûӣǶô£˵죡ŷҲϴȥ˯ҹſޣֲᣬ֪ʲôù㺦һ財ҽҽȥҽáĸֻּ˵ͷȥһҹҽѣͷҵĲۡҵʦҵĴĸ(29)

ַʽĽҲһôСӵġġʹڱǰӡϥȹⱻš

ΣСʱһϧëϧߡԿԼ

    СʱܸҰĺһ档ĸҲ׼ҺСʱɻϷϰߣʲôط秵ءԼϱ˵ҡӡ`ºŽгȥ֮˶֪Сӽ`(30)

ǣġˣ

С֮Ҳܲװ㡰ӣܸͯǡҰˡһ죬ҼҰſںһຢӡͭǮһλϱ߹ңЦ`ҲͭǮ𣿡ߵȣôʧˡݣ(31)

СС;͵ˡȻǺܿģһǲͯϷǺεȿ

ǹװӣҲûϷϰߣΪȷϲ飬һǲͯϷÿ죬ҵĸͬҵȥõˮǣճã軧ÿԼ¹ӣƽ֣С¿С˵ʮһʱԻһ㣬ȻһȺͬѧ֯һϷ࣬һЩľǹ˼ٺ룬ڴϷһĽǶֻһʷĹһ䵹ȥõն(32)

˵ʹϷǺѵõĻᡣΪͯ˶д⣬ķ涼ûзչĻᡱй̵νᣨideologyʶ̬ԼˡˣǺܱҵ󡣹һ㣬һ

һǴ󡱣˶壬Ϊ󡱣ÿһ̫ӻᣬΪ󡱣ﱸ̫ӻᣬҪҼǰǻѧϰϻ򴵵ѣﳤԣ˵̫Сܸ̫ӻ߱ʧѧϰֵΨһᡣʮҲùҲȫ֣ûһѧֵʣ񻹲֪ѧͼǲܵ¡ҳֽС˵ʯӡϣġϵӢˡһ죬ˣһٴͼѳ˺ˡʧѧҵĻ(33)

ģС߾ͯꡣʱ򣬴Ϻص磻أȥˣҪʮССٵϺȥȥڼ粻ġ½(34)ĸװװܸ˵ӣһᡱšһ˵ĳ棬һʮСкһϵźġСѧ(35)(36)µ죬šĸİšһùϰߡšһ㻳ɵ(37)ߵСԶ·ʮǰĸһͬסĵط

⻹ůĴ컹䣬ȴȥϵĴȥѰҸĹ

١ļʮһ

ڡ׵⡷Ĵţ

ۡļʮһ

ͬϡ

ݺ195854ڡйЭᡱ˵йո˶롰йЭᡱӡġйո˶196154̨棩׷䣺

һݵСӣûѧûܹѵվǸֽ¨Աߣҵһõġȫġˮ䰴Ӵ͡ķ衣飬Ǿᳫ׻ѧаյġãȫйǽѧõˡܹˡϵһǧֻǧֵˣֻҪסʦס˸ĸҹ͵С˵С˵Ƶõζ裬˶һߡһѧĹߣһԵĹߣܳΪѧҡ

ޡļʮһλ䣬Լвͬ˵˵ǡꡱ1954315ʡ̨һŮѧ˵׻ĵ塷1954ʡ̨һŮѧӡ֮÷ݽʡʱȴ˵ǡ߰ꡱ

߼ѧռǡʮʮ۽עع֮ѵգ

ࡶļʮһ

ЩС˵Ӱ죬

1.ӡѦʹѦɽ廢ƽױ¥һС˵¥Ρ͡ʷĵһƷĳ̶ظˡҵ뿪ʱ˽⡶¥Ρ͡ʷĺôһ඼ǰ׻С˵ڲ֪֮е˲ٵİ׻ɢĵѵʮҺôļ

2.From that time on I devoured every novel known in our community and in the nearby villages. They were written in the pei-hua, or spoken language, and were easily intelligible and absorbingly entertaining. They taught me life, for good or for evil, and gave me a literary medium which years later enabled me to start what has been called  the Literary Renaissance in China. Living Philosophiesp. 243

ڡӰ񡷣¡ڣ19315Ϻ棬롶ʮдף

ҸײܹȻѧϴ񣬵˳һϵѧӰ졣ѧϮ˹ŴȻۣá͡棬˵켴Ҳߣ֮Ҳ˼룬в׵ĵطܿƳٵš

Ҹ̫磬뿪ʱֻСȫ˼ֱӰ졣ҵģ棺һŴΪǡҸ׵Ķӡһһѧŷ磺СʱӵġСѧѧŷ磻ҺҼҵĴ϶šɮԵӣҲѧͥһơ

(11)׷ӿͷʱ򣬾û뵽һͬ򵹿׼ҵꡱˡ

(12)Ӱ񡷣ʮ

(13)Щ˺ŵ󲿷Ǹݡʮġ

(14)ӡСѧλȫǣ

Ÿڿգɥ£޲ɮƣΪʸʹã֣Ϊ߱vĥⲻ֪μƮɢЄvĥʩֿδй֮ǰ˹ߣιʶһνʮҮжҲӣ

λʹʡ˵ֱɼӰ֮ⲿӡСѧԺʵӰҲǺܶģ硶СѧмǡԨΪһΣʻ˵

񻹼ǵСʱӡСѧصļɰ缳Ԩ֮ӼԨֻʱһӣȥһţ˵Ҳ֮ȾŸֵļ飬ӡҲк̵Чʹʮһ䱩ĴԴǰµˡ˲ŵԴۡʮţ193287ձƽ棬롶ѧģ

ǡСѧĺƢӰ졣

硶СѧмǡŹվͬӡһΣLiving Philosophies pp. 238-239Ҳرպᳫ̡ľҲӰ졣

(15)Ӱ񡷣ʮ

(16) Living Philosophies p. 249

(17)Ӱ񡷣ʮ

(18)Living Philosophies p. 249

(19)Ӱ񡷣ʮ

(20)Living Philosophies p. 249

(21)οԼĻThere was no sophisticated reasoning on my part in those days of my boyhood. It was mere temperamental attraction and repulsion. I was my fathers son, and Ssuma Kuang and Fan Chen attrated me. That was all. Living Philosophies, p. 245

֣ںʸ׵ռȻҲһ

뾹ƺϣʢ޷Իεи󣿡Իͬɢ׹ϯ֮ϣǽ֮С׹ϯߵҲ׹¹Ҳ临;ںδѡۣΪߣ֮ʣߣ֮Ҳ֮Σ֮ڵδŵû棬գ۳Ұ֮ղʮһ¶ʮգ

ҲźڶӡСѧ֮ͨ͡ǰռǣûв´ôɺ롰ŴνI was my father's sonˣ

(22)ҵѮڶʮڣ19088Ϻ棩֮

(23)ѧռǡʮ1914824գ

(24)ࡪҵڽ̡꡷ڶڣ191929ձ档19202¸ĳӢImmortality, My Religion,иĶ19215£ָĶԭ塣롶Ĵ桷ģ

(25)ڡӰд

ʱ֪ǵġۡȫ飨İˣҲ֪ʱ˲±ڡֻʮ֣ͻһˡ˾Ҳ˷ǵӰ죬СμƮɢۣлǣͨʱӲժʵһΣĲʷ벻˰ʮ־һʮһСӣӰһ˼롣

ڡࡪҵڽ̡Ҳرָ

һǧǰһ˽˵˼仰⼸仰ڵʱ˵Ĺγи˾⼸仰ͨһǧ֮һʮһСӡҡͨ⼸仰һжӰ˼¡Ȼ˵ķһǧˣ

֮ԡۡӰ죬Ҫлдһʣڡѧռǡʮۡ1914824գ˵

ʮһʱͨǴƩΪף޹ۣ֮ԴΪмᡣʮΪҵѮ޹޹Ի׽ҴԶοѧʼ֪дã֪ԼڵʱѼҲ

ͬڶʮ򡶷ۡ1914826գ˵

νԻεиƶԻͬɢϣ׹ϯ֮ϣǽ֮С׹ϯߣҲߣ¹Ҳ临;ںδ

ͬƽ֮⡣׹֮࣬żȻδ޷߷޲ƽ֮ġ̫ʫԻɣɽ磻Ա˾羥˰ٳλӢţʹ֮ȻһŽҵҶ빫ΰײС

ƽ֮ϧִ˵̫٣¬֮Դ֮ߣ֮ڽ֮ӡ

Ҳ缴򣬷׹֮򣬹֮򡣡ʹ֮Ȼһӡ

дʮδ;һ塱⣬дһƪ Ƿ꡷Ŀ񱣨1945д1946421дڡ󹫱ʷܿʮڣ1947813棩

(26)Ӱ񡷣ʮ

(27)ļʮһ

(28)ͬϡ

(29)ͬϡ

(30)ͬϡڣLiving Philossphies˵

I nevr played with the children of the villiage and, because of my complete lack of child play, I was given the nickname of Shien-seng (the Master) when I was five. Fifteen years later, at Cornell University, I was nicknamd Docwhen I was a Sophomore, and for this same weakness.p. 239

(31)ļʮһ

(32)ͬϡ

(33)ͬϡ£ʹڡѧռǡʮʮ۽עع֮ѵ191636գУһƪУʣCharles W. EliotĻԺ󣬸п

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(34)Early in my thirteenth year (1940) ,I left home on a seven-day journey to seed a new education, in Shanghai.  (Living Philosophies, p. 246)ֺʡʮĻعˡʮʮʮ롶ĴڹʮĶ¼ӻݵϺǵʱνѧ

(35)⵱Ȼǿ˵ý㼭ն衰һСѧľӣοZʫ塷19258Ϻӡݰ棩

(36)ѧռǡľʮ򡶵һηŮᡷ191468գ

֮ȥ֮ҲΪվӡĸΪ֮ܣʮѣΪĸֽԳӣĸһ˳žܼѣзǱīܾߡĸμз⽻Ϊĸĸ䰮࣬ϣйʧδ١ÿĸÿΪḸʵʱȺδĸҲΨͶţĸʱѯԼ¡మࡣδʡ㣬ÿ̸ҹ֡ĸ༫ࡣĸýܣӡʱ飬ʦΨ繫֡дָ֮ΪΨˣĸĸ̡㣩ұ֮ôᣬʮ績Ůӣ࣬һҾⲻҳһԣһԶѡѧԺʼԵ֮֡ӳ֮ڶ꣬Ѹҽ˵ΪͶ֮ʼйѧͬѧϳˣԴʡ侭˼붼ѳ죬оԵǣǰʱܸ֮Ӱ죬ѳ

(37)Out of her great love for me sent me away without apparently shedding a tear, and allowed me to seek my own education and development in the great world all alone, armed only with a mothers love, a habit of studyand a little tendency to doubt. ( Living PhilosoPhies, p. 246)

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