=pod

=head1 NAME

EVP_PKEY_fromdata_init, EVP_PKEY_fromdata, EVP_PKEY_fromdata_settable
- functions to create keys and key parameters from user data

=head1 SYNOPSIS

 #include <openssl/evp.h>

 int EVP_PKEY_fromdata_init(EVP_PKEY_CTX *ctx);
 int EVP_PKEY_fromdata(EVP_PKEY_CTX *ctx, EVP_PKEY **ppkey, int selection,
                       OSSL_PARAM params[]);
 const OSSL_PARAM *EVP_PKEY_fromdata_settable(EVP_PKEY_CTX *ctx, int selection);

=head1 DESCRIPTION

The functions described here are used to create new keys from user
provided key data, such as I<n>, I<e> and I<d> for a minimal RSA
keypair.

These functions use an B<EVP_PKEY_CTX> context, which should primarily
be created with L<EVP_PKEY_CTX_new_from_name(3)> or
L<EVP_PKEY_CTX_new_id(3)>.

The exact key data that the user can pass depends on the key type.
These are passed as an L<OSSL_PARAM(3)> array.

EVP_PKEY_fromdata_init() initializes a public key algorithm context
for creating a key or key parameters from user data.

EVP_PKEY_fromdata() creates the structure to store a key or key parameters,
given data from I<params>, I<selection> and a context that's been initialized
with EVP_PKEY_fromdata_init().  The result is written to I<*ppkey>.
I<selection> is described in L</Selections>.
The parameters that can be used for various types of key are as described by
the various "Common parameters" sections of the
L<B<EVP_PKEY-RSA>(7)|EVP_PKEY-RSA(7)/Common RSA parameters>,
L<B<EVP_PKEY-DSA>(7)|EVP_PKEY-DSA(7)/Common DSA & DH parameters>,
L<B<EVP_PKEY-DH>(7)|EVP_PKEY-DH(7)/Common DH parameters>,
L<B<EVP_PKEY-EC>(7)|EVP_PKEY-EC(7)/Common EC parameters>,
L<B<EVP_PKEY-ED448>(7)|EVP_PKEY-ED448(7)/Common X25519, X448, ED25519 and ED448 parameters>,
L<B<EVP_PKEY-X25519>(7)|EVP_PKEY-X25519(7)/Common X25519, X448, ED25519 and ED448 parameters>,
L<B<EVP_PKEY-X448>(7)|EVP_PKEY-X448(7)/Common X25519, X448, ED25519 and ED448 parameters>,
L<B<EVP_PKEY-ED25519>(7)|EVP_PKEY-ED25519(7)/Common X25519, X448, ED25519 and ED448 parameters>,
L<B<EVP_PKEY-ML-DSA(7)>|EVP_PKEY-ML-DSA(7)/Common parameters>
and
L<B<EVP_PKEY-ML-KEM(7)>|EVP_PKEY-ML-KEM(7)/Common parameters>
pages.

=for comment the awful list of links above is made this way so we get nice
rendering as a man-page while still getting proper links in HTML

EVP_PKEY_fromdata_settable() gets a constant L<OSSL_PARAM(3)> array that describes
the settable parameters that can be used with EVP_PKEY_fromdata().
I<selection> is described in L</Selections>.

Parameters in the I<params> array that are not among the settable parameters
for the given I<selection> are ignored.

=head2 Selections

The following constants can be used for I<selection>:

=over 4

=item B<EVP_PKEY_KEY_PARAMETERS>

Only key parameters will be selected.

=item B<EVP_PKEY_PUBLIC_KEY>

Only public key components will be selected. This includes optional key
parameters.

=item B<EVP_PKEY_KEYPAIR>

Any keypair components will be selected. This includes the private key,
public key and key parameters.

=back

=head1 NOTES

These functions only work with key management methods coming from a provider.
This is the mirror function to L<EVP_PKEY_todata(3)>.

LMS support is disabled by default at compile-time.
To enable, specify the B<enable-lms> build configuration option.

=for comment We may choose to make this available for legacy methods too...

=head1 RETURN VALUES

EVP_PKEY_fromdata_init() and EVP_PKEY_fromdata() return 1 for success and 0 or
a negative value for failure.  In particular a return value of -2 indicates the
operation is not supported by the public key algorithm.

=head1 EXAMPLES

These examples are very terse for the sake of staying on topic, which
is the EVP_PKEY_fromdata() set of functions.  In real applications,
BIGNUMs would be handled and converted to byte arrays with
BN_bn2nativepad(), but that's off topic here.

=begin comment

TODO Write a set of cookbook documents and link to them.

=end comment

=head2 Creating an RSA keypair using raw key data

 #include <openssl/evp.h>

 /*
  * These are extremely small to make this example simple.  A real
  * and secure application will not use such small numbers.  A real
  * and secure application is expected to use BIGNUMs, and to build
  * this array dynamically.
  */
 unsigned long rsa_n = 0xbc747fc5;
 unsigned long rsa_e = 0x10001;
 unsigned long rsa_d = 0x7b133399;
 OSSL_PARAM params[] = {
     OSSL_PARAM_ulong("n", &rsa_n),
     OSSL_PARAM_ulong("e", &rsa_e),
     OSSL_PARAM_ulong("d", &rsa_d),
     OSSL_PARAM_END
 };

 int main()
 {
     EVP_PKEY_CTX *ctx = EVP_PKEY_CTX_new_from_name(NULL, "RSA", NULL);
     EVP_PKEY *pkey = NULL;

     if (ctx == NULL
         || EVP_PKEY_fromdata_init(ctx) <= 0
         || EVP_PKEY_fromdata(ctx, &pkey, EVP_PKEY_KEYPAIR, params) <= 0)
         exit(1);

     /* Do what you want with |pkey| */
 }

=head2 Creating an ECC keypair using raw key data

 #include <openssl/evp.h>
 #include <openssl/param_build.h>
 #include <openssl/ec.h>

 /*
  * Fixed data to represent the private and public key.
  */
 const unsigned char priv_data[] = {
     0xb9, 0x2f, 0x3c, 0xe6, 0x2f, 0xfb, 0x45, 0x68,
     0x39, 0x96, 0xf0, 0x2a, 0xaf, 0x6c, 0xda, 0xf2,
     0x89, 0x8a, 0x27, 0xbf, 0x39, 0x9b, 0x7e, 0x54,
     0x21, 0xc2, 0xa1, 0xe5, 0x36, 0x12, 0x48, 0x5d
 };
 /* UNCOMPRESSED FORMAT */
 const unsigned char pub_data[] = {
     POINT_CONVERSION_UNCOMPRESSED,
     0xcf, 0x20, 0xfb, 0x9a, 0x1d, 0x11, 0x6c, 0x5e,
     0x9f, 0xec, 0x38, 0x87, 0x6c, 0x1d, 0x2f, 0x58,
     0x47, 0xab, 0xa3, 0x9b, 0x79, 0x23, 0xe6, 0xeb,
     0x94, 0x6f, 0x97, 0xdb, 0xa3, 0x7d, 0xbd, 0xe5,
     0x26, 0xca, 0x07, 0x17, 0x8d, 0x26, 0x75, 0xff,
     0xcb, 0x8e, 0xb6, 0x84, 0xd0, 0x24, 0x02, 0x25,
     0x8f, 0xb9, 0x33, 0x6e, 0xcf, 0x12, 0x16, 0x2f,
     0x5c, 0xcd, 0x86, 0x71, 0xa8, 0xbf, 0x1a, 0x47
 };

 int main()
 {
     EVP_PKEY_CTX *ctx;
     EVP_PKEY *pkey = NULL;
     BIGNUM *priv;
     OSSL_PARAM_BLD *param_bld;
     OSSL_PARAM *params = NULL;
     int exitcode = 0;

     priv = BN_bin2bn(priv_data, sizeof(priv_data), NULL);

     param_bld = OSSL_PARAM_BLD_new();
     if (priv != NULL && param_bld != NULL
         && OSSL_PARAM_BLD_push_utf8_string(param_bld, "group",
                                            "prime256v1", 0)
         && OSSL_PARAM_BLD_push_BN(param_bld, "priv", priv)
         && OSSL_PARAM_BLD_push_octet_string(param_bld, "pub",
                                             pub_data, sizeof(pub_data)))
         params = OSSL_PARAM_BLD_to_param(param_bld);

     ctx = EVP_PKEY_CTX_new_from_name(NULL, "EC", NULL);
     if (ctx == NULL
         || params == NULL
         || EVP_PKEY_fromdata_init(ctx) <= 0
         || EVP_PKEY_fromdata(ctx, &pkey, EVP_PKEY_KEYPAIR, params) <= 0) {
         exitcode = 1;
     } else {
         /* Do what you want with |pkey| */
     }

     EVP_PKEY_free(pkey);
     EVP_PKEY_CTX_free(ctx);
     OSSL_PARAM_free(params);
     OSSL_PARAM_BLD_free(param_bld);
     BN_free(priv);

     exit(exitcode);
 }

=head2 Finding out params for an unknown key type

 #include <openssl/evp.h>
 #include <openssl/core.h>

 /* Program expects a key type as first argument */
 int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 {
     EVP_PKEY_CTX *ctx = EVP_PKEY_CTX_new_from_name(NULL, argv[1], NULL);
     const OSSL_PARAM *settable_params = NULL;

     if (ctx == NULL)
        exit(1);
    settable_params = EVP_PKEY_fromdata_settable(ctx, EVP_PKEY_KEYPAIR);
    if (settable_params == NULL)
         exit(1);

     for (; settable_params->key != NULL; settable_params++) {
         const char *datatype = NULL;

         switch (settable_params->data_type) {
         case OSSL_PARAM_INTEGER:
             datatype = "integer";
             break;
         case OSSL_PARAM_UNSIGNED_INTEGER:
             datatype = "unsigned integer";
             break;
         case OSSL_PARAM_UTF8_STRING:
             datatype = "printable string (utf-8 encoding expected)";
             break;
         case OSSL_PARAM_UTF8_PTR:
             datatype = "printable string pointer (utf-8 encoding expected)";
             break;
         case OSSL_PARAM_OCTET_STRING:
             datatype = "octet string";
             break;
         case OSSL_PARAM_OCTET_PTR:
             datatype = "octet string pointer";
             break;
         }
         printf("%s : %s ", settable_params->key, datatype);
         if (settable_params->data_size == 0)
             printf("(unlimited size)\n");
         else
             printf("(maximum size %zu)\n", settable_params->data_size);
     }
 }

The descriptor L<OSSL_PARAM(3)> returned by
EVP_PKEY_fromdata_settable() may also be used programmatically, for
example with L<OSSL_PARAM_allocate_from_text(3)>.

=head1 SEE ALSO

L<EVP_PKEY_CTX_new(3)>,
L<EVP_PKEY_todata(3)>,
L<EVP_PKEY_gettable_params(3)>,
L<OSSL_PARAM(3)>,
L<provider(7)>,
L<EVP_PKEY-RSA(7)>,
L<EVP_PKEY-EC(7)>,
L<EVP_PKEY-ED25519(7)>,
L<EVP_PKEY-ED448(7)>,
L<EVP_PKEY-LMS(7)>,
L<EVP_PKEY-DSA(7)>,
L<EVP_PKEY-DH(7)>,
L<EVP_PKEY-X25519(7)>,
L<EVP_PKEY-X448(7)>,
L<EVP_PKEY-ML-DSA(7)>,
L<EVP_PKEY-ML-KEM(7)>,
L<EVP_PKEY-SLH-DSA(7)>.

=head1 HISTORY

These functions were added in OpenSSL 3.0.

Support for B<ML-DSA>, B<ML-KEM> and B<SLH-DSA> was added in OpenSSL 3.5.

Support for B<LMS> was added in OpenSSL 3.6.

=head1 COPYRIGHT

Copyright 2019-2025 The OpenSSL Project Authors. All Rights Reserved.

Licensed under the Apache License 2.0 (the "License").  You may not use
this file except in compliance with the License.  You can obtain a copy
in the file LICENSE in the source distribution or at
L<https://www.openssl.org/source/license.html>.

=cut

