=pod

=head1 NAME

SSL_CTX_set_options, SSL_set_options, SSL_CTX_clear_options,
SSL_clear_options, SSL_CTX_get_options, SSL_get_options,
SSL_get_secure_renegotiation_support - manipulate SSL options

=head1 SYNOPSIS

 #include <openssl/ssl.h>

 uint64_t SSL_CTX_set_options(SSL_CTX *ctx, uint64_t options);
 uint64_t SSL_set_options(SSL *ssl, uint64_t options);

 uint64_t SSL_CTX_clear_options(SSL_CTX *ctx, uint64_t options);
 uint64_t SSL_clear_options(SSL *ssl, uint64_t options);

 uint64_t SSL_CTX_get_options(const SSL_CTX *ctx);
 uint64_t SSL_get_options(const SSL *ssl);

 long SSL_get_secure_renegotiation_support(SSL *ssl);

=head1 DESCRIPTION

SSL_CTX_set_options() adds the options set via bit-mask in B<options> to B<ctx>.
B<ctx> B<MUST NOT> be NULL.
Options already set before are not cleared!

SSL_set_options() adds the options set via bit-mask in B<options> to B<ssl>.
Options already set before are not cleared!

SSL_CTX_clear_options() clears the options set via bit-mask in B<options>
to B<ctx>.

SSL_clear_options() clears the options set via bit-mask in B<options> to B<ssl>.

SSL_CTX_get_options() returns the options set for B<ctx>.

SSL_get_options() returns the options set for B<ssl>.

SSL_get_secure_renegotiation_support() indicates whether the peer supports
secure renegotiation.
Note, this is implemented via a macro.

=head1 NOTES

The behaviour of the SSL library can be changed by setting several options.
The options are coded as bit-masks and can be combined by a bitwise B<or>
operation (|).

SSL_CTX_set_options() and SSL_set_options() affect the (external)
protocol behaviour of the SSL library. The (internal) behaviour of
the API can be changed by using the similar
L<SSL_CTX_set_mode(3)> and SSL_set_mode() functions.

During a handshake, the option settings of the SSL object are used. When
a new SSL object is created from a context using SSL_new(), the current
option setting is copied. Changes to B<ctx> do not affect already created
SSL objects. SSL_clear() does not affect the settings.

The following B<bug workaround> options are available:

=over 4

=item SSL_OP_CRYPTOPRO_TLSEXT_BUG

Add server-hello extension from the early version of cryptopro draft
when GOST ciphersuite is negotiated. Required for interoperability with CryptoPro
CSP 3.x.

=item SSL_OP_DONT_INSERT_EMPTY_FRAGMENTS

Disables a countermeasure against an SSL 3.0/TLS 1.0 protocol
vulnerability affecting CBC ciphers, which cannot be handled by some
broken SSL implementations.  This option has no effect for connections
using other ciphers.

=item SSL_OP_SAFARI_ECDHE_ECDSA_BUG

Don't prefer ECDHE-ECDSA ciphers when the client appears to be Safari on OS X.
OS X 10.8..10.8.3 has broken support for ECDHE-ECDSA ciphers.

=item SSL_OP_TLSEXT_PADDING

Adds a padding extension to ensure the ClientHello size is never between
256 and 511 bytes in length. This is needed as a workaround for some
implementations.

=item SSL_OP_ALL

All of the above bug workarounds.

=back

It is usually safe to use B<SSL_OP_ALL> to enable the bug workaround
options if compatibility with somewhat broken implementations is
desired.

The following B<modifying> options are available:

=over 4

=item SSL_OP_ALLOW_CLIENT_RENEGOTIATION

Client-initiated renegotiation is disabled by default. Use
this option to enable it.

=item SSL_OP_ALLOW_NO_DHE_KEX

In TLSv1.3 allow a non-(ec)dhe based key exchange mode on resumption. This means
that there will be no forward secrecy for the resumed session.

=item SSL_OP_PREFER_NO_DHE_KEX

In TLSv1.3, on resumption let the server prefer a non-(ec)dhe based key
exchange mode over an (ec)dhe based one. Ignored without B<SSL_OP_ALLOW_NO_DHE_KEX>
being set as well. Always ignored on the client.

=item SSL_OP_ALLOW_UNSAFE_LEGACY_RENEGOTIATION

Allow legacy insecure renegotiation between OpenSSL and unpatched clients or
servers. See the B<SECURE RENEGOTIATION> section for more details.

=item SSL_OP_SERVER_PREFERENCE

When choosing a cipher, signature, (TLS 1.2) curve or (TLS 1.3) group, use the
server's preferences instead of the client preferences. When not set, the SSL
server will always follow the clients preferences. When set, the SSL/TLS server
will choose following its own preferences.
Use of the old but somewhat misleading name SSL_OP_CIPHER_SERVER_PREFERENCE
is still possible but discouraged.

=item SSL_OP_CISCO_ANYCONNECT

Use Cisco's version identifier of DTLS_BAD_VER when establishing a DTLSv1
connection. Only available when using the deprecated DTLSv1_client_method() API.

=item SSL_OP_CLEANSE_PLAINTEXT

By default TLS and QUIC SSL objects keep a copy of received plaintext
application data in a static buffer until it is overwritten by the
next portion of data. When enabling SSL_OP_CLEANSE_PLAINTEXT
deciphered application data is cleansed by calling OPENSSL_cleanse(3)
after passing data to the application. Data is also cleansed when
releasing the connection (e.g. L<SSL_free(3)>).

Since OpenSSL only cleanses internal buffers, the application is still
responsible for cleansing all other buffers. Most notably, this
applies to buffers passed to functions like L<SSL_read(3)>,
L<SSL_peek(3)> but also like L<SSL_write(3)>.

TLS connections do not buffer data to be sent in plaintext. QUIC stream
objects do buffer plaintext data to be sent and this option will also cause
that data to be cleansed when it is discarded.

This option can be set differently on individual QUIC stream objects and
has no effect on QUIC connection objects (except where a default stream is
being used).

=item SSL_OP_COOKIE_EXCHANGE

Turn on Cookie Exchange as described in RFC4347 Section 4.2.1. Only affects
DTLS connections.

=item SSL_OP_DISABLE_TLSEXT_CA_NAMES

Disable TLS Extension CA Names. You may want to disable it for security reasons
or for compatibility with some Windows TLS implementations crashing when this
extension is larger than 1024 bytes.

=item SSL_OP_ENABLE_KTLS

Enable the use of kernel TLS. In order to benefit from kernel TLS OpenSSL must
have been compiled with support for it, and it must be supported by the
negotiated ciphersuites and extensions. The specific ciphersuites and extensions
that are supported may vary by platform and kernel version.

The kernel TLS data-path implements the record layer, and the encryption
algorithm. The kernel will utilize the best hardware
available for encryption. Using the kernel data-path should reduce the memory
footprint of OpenSSL because no buffering is required. Also, the throughput
should improve because data copy is avoided when user data is encrypted into
kernel memory instead of the usual encrypt then copy to kernel.

Kernel TLS might not support all the features of OpenSSL. For instance,
renegotiation, and setting the maximum fragment size is not possible as of
Linux 4.20.

Note that with kernel TLS enabled some cryptographic operations are performed
by the kernel directly and not via any available OpenSSL Providers. This might
be undesirable if, for example, the application requires all cryptographic
operations to be performed by the FIPS provider.

=item SSL_OP_ENABLE_KTLS_TX_ZEROCOPY_SENDFILE

With this option, sendfile() will use the zerocopy mode, which gives a
performance boost when used with KTLS hardware offload. Note that invalid TLS
records might be transmitted if the file is changed while being sent. This
option has no effect if B<SSL_OP_ENABLE_KTLS> is not enabled.

This option only applies to Linux. KTLS sendfile on FreeBSD doesn't offer an
option to disable zerocopy and always runs in this mode.

=item SSL_OP_ENABLE_MIDDLEBOX_COMPAT

If set then dummy Change Cipher Spec (CCS) messages are sent in TLSv1.3. This
has the effect of making TLSv1.3 look more like TLSv1.2 so that middleboxes that
do not understand TLSv1.3 will not drop the connection. Regardless of whether
this option is set or not CCS messages received from the peer will always be
ignored in TLSv1.3. This option is set by default. To switch it off use
SSL_clear_options(). A future version of OpenSSL may not set this by default.

=item SSL_OP_IGNORE_UNEXPECTED_EOF

Some TLS implementations do not send the mandatory close_notify alert on
shutdown. If the application tries to wait for the close_notify alert but the
peer closes the connection without sending it, an error is generated. When this
option is enabled the peer does not need to send the close_notify alert and a
closed connection will be treated as if the close_notify alert was received.

You should only enable this option if the protocol running over TLS
can detect a truncation attack itself, and that the application is checking for
that truncation attack.

For more information on shutting down a connection, see L<SSL_shutdown(3)>.

=item SSL_OP_LEGACY_SERVER_CONNECT

Allow legacy insecure renegotiation between OpenSSL and unpatched servers
B<only>. See the B<SECURE RENEGOTIATION> section for more details.

=item SSL_OP_LEGACY_EC_POINT_FORMATS

Enable use of the legacy point formats for elliptic curves. This option enables
support for the deprecated ANSI X9.62 prime and char2 compressed point formats,
in addition to the uncompressed format that is enabled by default.

=item SSL_OP_NO_ANTI_REPLAY

By default, when a server is configured for early data (i.e., max_early_data > 0),
OpenSSL will switch on replay protection. See L<SSL_read_early_data(3)> for a
description of the replay protection feature. Anti-replay measures are required
to comply with the TLSv1.3 specification. Some applications may be able to
mitigate the replay risks in other ways and in such cases the built in OpenSSL
functionality is not required. Those applications can turn this feature off by
setting this option. This is a server-side option only. It is ignored by
clients.

=item SSL_OP_NO_TX_CERTIFICATE_COMPRESSION

Normally clients and servers will transparently attempt to negotiate the
RFC8879 certificate compression option on TLSv1.3 connections.

If this option is set, the certificate compression extension is ignored
upon receipt and compressed certificates will not be sent to the peer.

=item SSL_OP_NO_RX_CERTIFICATE_COMPRESSION

Normally clients and servers will transparently attempt to negotiate the
RFC8879 certificate compression option on TLSv1.3 connections.

If this option is set, the certificate compression extension will not be sent
and compressed certificates will not be accepted from the peer.

=item SSL_OP_NO_COMPRESSION

Do not use TLS record compression even if it is supported. This option is set by
default. To switch it off use SSL_clear_options(). Note that TLS record
compression is not recommended and is not available at security level 2 or
above. From OpenSSL 3.2 the default security level is 2, so clearing this option
will have no effect without also changing the default security level. See
L<SSL_CTX_set_security_level(3)>.

=item SSL_OP_NO_ENCRYPT_THEN_MAC

Normally clients and servers will transparently attempt to negotiate the
RFC7366 Encrypt-then-MAC option on TLS and DTLS connection.

If this option is set, Encrypt-then-MAC is disabled. Clients will not
propose, and servers will not accept the extension.

=item SSL_OP_NO_EXTENDED_MASTER_SECRET

Normally clients and servers will transparently attempt to negotiate the
RFC7627 Extended Master Secret option on TLS and DTLS connection.

If this option is set, Extended Master Secret is disabled. Clients will
not propose, and servers will not accept the extension.

=item SSL_OP_NO_QUERY_MTU

Do not query the MTU. Only affects DTLS connections.

=item SSL_OP_NO_RENEGOTIATION

Disable all renegotiation in (D)TLSv1.2 and earlier. Do not send HelloRequest
messages, and ignore renegotiation requests via ClientHello.

=item SSL_OP_NO_SESSION_RESUMPTION_ON_RENEGOTIATION

When performing renegotiation as a server, always start a new session
(i.e., session resumption requests are only accepted in the initial
handshake). This option is not needed for clients.

=item SSL_OP_NO_SSLv3, SSL_OP_NO_TLSv1, SSL_OP_NO_TLSv1_1,
SSL_OP_NO_TLSv1_2, SSL_OP_NO_TLSv1_3, SSL_OP_NO_DTLSv1, SSL_OP_NO_DTLSv1_2

These options turn off the SSLv3, TLSv1, TLSv1.1, TLSv1.2 or TLSv1.3 protocol
versions with TLS or the DTLSv1, DTLSv1.2 versions with DTLS,
respectively.
As of OpenSSL 1.1.0, these options are deprecated, use
L<SSL_CTX_set_min_proto_version(3)> and
L<SSL_CTX_set_max_proto_version(3)> instead.

=item SSL_OP_NO_TICKET

SSL/TLS supports two mechanisms for resuming sessions: session ids and stateless
session tickets.

When using session ids a copy of the session information is
cached on the server and a unique id is sent to the client. When the client
wishes to resume it provides the unique id so that the server can retrieve the
session information from its cache.

When using stateless session tickets the server uses a session ticket encryption
key to encrypt the session information. This encrypted data is sent to the
client as a "ticket". When the client wishes to resume it sends the encrypted
data back to the server. The server uses its key to decrypt the data and resume
the session. In this way the server can operate statelessly - no session
information needs to be cached locally.

The TLSv1.3 protocol only supports tickets and does not directly support session
ids. However, OpenSSL allows two modes of ticket operation in TLSv1.3: stateful
and stateless. Stateless tickets work the same way as in TLSv1.2 and below.
Stateful tickets mimic the session id behaviour available in TLSv1.2 and below.
The session information is cached on the server and the session id is wrapped up
in a ticket and sent back to the client. When the client wishes to resume, it
presents a ticket in the same way as for stateless tickets. The server can then
extract the session id from the ticket and retrieve the session information from
its cache.

By default OpenSSL will use stateless tickets. The SSL_OP_NO_TICKET option will
cause stateless tickets to not be issued. In TLSv1.2 and below this means no
ticket gets sent to the client at all. In TLSv1.3 a stateful ticket will be
sent. This is a server-side option only.

In TLSv1.3 it is possible to suppress all tickets (stateful and stateless) from
being sent by calling L<SSL_CTX_set_num_tickets(3)> or
L<SSL_set_num_tickets(3)>.

=item SSL_OP_PRIORITIZE_CHACHA

When SSL_OP_SERVER_PREFERENCE is set, temporarily reprioritize
ChaCha20-Poly1305 ciphers to the top of the server cipher list if a
ChaCha20-Poly1305 cipher is at the top of the client cipher list. This helps
those clients (e.g. mobile) use ChaCha20-Poly1305 if that cipher is anywhere
in the server cipher list; but still allows other clients to use AES and other
ciphers. Requires B<SSL_OP_SERVER_PREFERENCE>.

=item SSL_OP_TLS_ROLLBACK_BUG

Disable version rollback attack detection.

During the client key exchange, the client must send the same information
about acceptable SSL/TLS protocol levels as during the first hello. Some
clients violate this rule by adapting to the server's answer. (Example:
the client sends an SSLv2 hello and accepts up to SSLv3.1=TLSv1, the server
only understands up to SSLv3. In this case the client must still use the
same SSLv3.1=TLSv1 announcement. Some clients step down to SSLv3 with respect
to the server's answer and violate the version rollback protection.)

=back

The following options no longer have any effect but their identifiers are
retained for compatibility purposes:

=over 4

=item SSL_OP_NETSCAPE_REUSE_CIPHER_CHANGE_BUG

=item SSL_OP_MICROSOFT_BIG_SSLV3_BUFFER

=item SSL_OP_SSLEAY_080_CLIENT_DH_BUG

=item SSL_OP_TLS_D5_BUG

=item SSL_OP_TLS_BLOCK_PADDING_BUG

=item SSL_OP_MSIE_SSLV2_RSA_PADDING

=item SSL_OP_SSLREF2_REUSE_CERT_TYPE_BUG

=item SSL_OP_MICROSOFT_SESS_ID_BUG

=item SSL_OP_NETSCAPE_CHALLENGE_BUG

=item SSL_OP_PKCS1_CHECK_1

=item SSL_OP_PKCS1_CHECK_2

=item SSL_OP_SINGLE_DH_USE

=item SSL_OP_SINGLE_ECDH_USE

=item SSL_OP_EPHEMERAL_RSA

=item SSL_OP_NETSCAPE_CA_DN_BUG

=item SSL_OP_NETSCAPE_DEMO_CIPHER_CHANGE_BUG

=back

=head1 SECURE RENEGOTIATION

OpenSSL always attempts to use secure renegotiation as
described in RFC5746. This counters the prefix attack described in
CVE-2009-3555 and elsewhere.

This attack has far reaching consequences which application writers should be
aware of. In the description below an implementation supporting secure
renegotiation is referred to as I<patched>. A server not supporting secure
renegotiation is referred to as I<unpatched>.

The following sections describe the operations permitted by OpenSSL's secure
renegotiation implementation.

=head2 Patched client and server

Connections and renegotiation are always permitted by OpenSSL implementations.

=head2 Unpatched client and patched OpenSSL server

The initial connection succeeds but client renegotiation is denied by the
server with a B<no_renegotiation> warning alert if TLS v1.0 is used or a fatal
B<handshake_failure> alert in SSL v3.0.

If the patched OpenSSL server attempts to renegotiate a fatal
B<handshake_failure> alert is sent. This is because the server code may be
unaware of the unpatched nature of the client.

If the option B<SSL_OP_ALLOW_UNSAFE_LEGACY_RENEGOTIATION> is set then
renegotiation B<always> succeeds.

=head2 Patched OpenSSL client and unpatched server

If the option B<SSL_OP_LEGACY_SERVER_CONNECT> or
B<SSL_OP_ALLOW_UNSAFE_LEGACY_RENEGOTIATION> is set then initial connections
and renegotiation between patched OpenSSL clients and unpatched servers
succeeds. If neither option is set then initial connections to unpatched
servers will fail.

Setting the option B<SSL_OP_LEGACY_SERVER_CONNECT> has security implications;
clients that are willing to connect to servers that do not implement
RFC 5746 secure renegotiation are subject to attacks such as
CVE-2009-3555.

OpenSSL client applications wishing to ensure they can connect to unpatched
servers should always B<set> B<SSL_OP_LEGACY_SERVER_CONNECT>

OpenSSL client applications that want to ensure they can B<not> connect to
unpatched servers (and thus avoid any security issues) should always B<clear>
B<SSL_OP_LEGACY_SERVER_CONNECT> using SSL_CTX_clear_options() or
SSL_clear_options().

The difference between the B<SSL_OP_LEGACY_SERVER_CONNECT> and
B<SSL_OP_ALLOW_UNSAFE_LEGACY_RENEGOTIATION> options is that
B<SSL_OP_LEGACY_SERVER_CONNECT> enables initial connections and secure
renegotiation between OpenSSL clients and unpatched servers B<only>, while
B<SSL_OP_ALLOW_UNSAFE_LEGACY_RENEGOTIATION> allows initial connections
and renegotiation between OpenSSL and unpatched clients or servers.

=head2 Applicability of options to QUIC connections and streams

These options apply to SSL objects referencing a QUIC connection:

=over 4

=item SSL_OP_ALLOW_NO_DHE_KEX

=item SSL_OP_NO_TX_CERTIFICATE_COMPRESSION

=item SSL_OP_NO_RX_CERTIFICATE_COMPRESSION

=item SSL_OP_NO_TICKET

=item SSL_OP_PRIORITIZE_CHACHA

=back

These options apply to SSL objects referencing a QUIC stream:

=over 4

=item SSL_OP_CLEANSE_PLAINTEXT

=back

Options on QUIC connections are initialized from the options set on SSL_CTX
before a QUIC connection SSL object is created. Options on QUIC streams are
initialised from the options configured on the QUIC connection SSL object
they are created from.

Setting options which relate to QUIC streams on a QUIC connection SSL object has
no direct effect on the QUIC connection SSL object itself, but will change the
options set on the default stream (if there is one) and will also determine the
default options set on any future streams which are created.

Other options not mentioned above do not have an effect and will be ignored.

Options which relate to QUIC streams may also be set directly on QUIC stream SSL
objects. Setting connection-related options on such an object has no effect.

=head1 RETURN VALUES

SSL_CTX_set_options() and SSL_set_options() return the new options bit-mask
after adding B<options>.

SSL_CTX_clear_options() and SSL_clear_options() return the new options bit-mask
after clearing B<options>.

SSL_CTX_get_options() and SSL_get_options() return the current bit-mask.

SSL_get_secure_renegotiation_support() returns 1 is the peer supports
secure renegotiation and 0 if it does not.

=head1 SEE ALSO

L<ssl(7)>, L<SSL_new(3)>, L<SSL_clear(3)>, L<SSL_shutdown(3)>
L<SSL_CTX_set_tmp_dh_callback(3)>,
L<SSL_CTX_set_min_proto_version(3)>,
L<openssl-dhparam(1)>

=head1 HISTORY

The attempt to always try to use secure renegotiation was added in
OpenSSL 0.9.8m.

The B<SSL_OP_PRIORITIZE_CHACHA> and B<SSL_OP_NO_RENEGOTIATION> options
were added in OpenSSL 1.1.1.

The B<SSL_OP_NO_EXTENDED_MASTER_SECRET> and B<SSL_OP_IGNORE_UNEXPECTED_EOF>
options were added in OpenSSL 3.0.

The B<SSL_OP_> constants and the corresponding parameter and return values
of the affected functions were changed to C<uint64_t> type in OpenSSL 3.0.
For that reason it is no longer possible use the B<SSL_OP_> macro values
in preprocessor C<#if> conditions. However it is still possible to test
whether these macros are defined or not.

As of OpenSSL 3.6, use of the B<SSL_OP_CIPHER_SERVER_PREFERENCE> constant
is discouraged and its semantics became available using the more aptly named
B<SSL_OP_SERVER_PREFERENCE> constant.

=head1 COPYRIGHT

Copyright 2001-2025 The OpenSSL Project Authors. All Rights Reserved.

Licensed under the Apache License 2.0 (the "License").  You may not use
this file except in compliance with the License.  You can obtain a copy
in the file LICENSE in the source distribution or at
L<https://www.openssl.org/source/license.html>.

=cut
