#!/usr/bin/python3

import argparse
import datetime
import ipaddress
import io
import json
import logging
import os
import random
import shlex
import shutil
import socket
import string
import subprocess
import sys
import tempfile
import time
import errno
import ssl
from typing import Dict, List, Tuple, Optional, Union, Any, Callable, Sequence, TypeVar, cast

import re
import uuid

from contextlib import redirect_stdout
from functools import wraps
from glob import glob
from io import StringIO
from threading import Thread, Event
from pathlib import Path
from configparser import ConfigParser

from cephadmlib.constants import (
    # default images
    DEFAULT_IMAGE,
    DEFAULT_IMAGE_IS_MAIN,
    DEFAULT_IMAGE_RELEASE,
    # other constant values
    CEPH_CONF,
    CEPH_CONF_DIR,
    CEPH_DEFAULT_CONF,
    CEPH_DEFAULT_KEYRING,
    CEPH_DEFAULT_PUBKEY,
    CEPH_KEYRING,
    CEPH_PUBKEY,
    CONTAINER_INIT,
    CUSTOM_PS1,
    DATA_DIR,
    DATA_DIR_MODE,
    DATEFMT,
    DEFAULT_RETRY,
    DEFAULT_TIMEOUT,
    LATEST_STABLE_RELEASE,
    LOGROTATE_DIR,
    LOG_DIR,
    LOG_DIR_MODE,
    SYSCTL_DIR,
    UNIT_DIR,
    DAEMON_FAILED_ERROR,
)
from cephadmlib.context import CephadmContext
from cephadmlib.context_getters import (
    fetch_configs,
    fetch_custom_config_files,
    fetch_endpoints,
    fetch_meta,
    get_config_and_keyring,
    get_parm,
    read_configuration_source,
)
from cephadmlib.exceptions import (
    ClusterAlreadyExists,
    Error,
    UnauthorizedRegistryError,
    DaemonStartException,
)
from cephadmlib.exe_utils import find_executable, find_program
from cephadmlib.call_wrappers import (
    CallVerbosity,
    async_run,
    call,
    call_throws,
    call_timeout,
    concurrent_tasks,
)
from cephadmlib.container_engines import (
    Podman,
    check_container_engine,
    find_container_engine,
    normalize_container_id,
    parsed_container_mem_usage,
    pull_command,
    registry_login,
)
from cephadmlib.data_utils import (
    dict_get_join,
    get_legacy_daemon_fsid,
    is_fsid,
    normalize_image_digest,
    read_config,
    _extract_host_info_from_applied_spec,
)
from cephadmlib.file_utils import (
    makedirs,
    pathify,
    read_file,
    recursive_chown,
    touch,
    unlink_file,
    write_new,
    write_tmp,
    update_meta_file,
)
from cephadmlib.net_utils import (
    build_addrv_params,
    EndPoint,
    check_ip_port,
    check_subnet,
    get_fqdn,
    get_hostname,
    get_short_hostname,
    ip_in_subnets,
    is_ipv6,
    parse_mon_addrv,
    parse_mon_ip,
    port_in_use,
    unwrap_ipv6,
    wrap_ipv6,
)
from cephadmlib.locking import FileLock
from cephadmlib.daemon_identity import DaemonIdentity, DaemonSubIdentity
from cephadmlib.packagers import create_packager
from cephadmlib.logging import (
    cephadm_init_logging,
    Highlight,
    LogDestination,
)
from cephadmlib.systemd import check_unit, check_units, terminate_service, enable_service
from cephadmlib import systemd_unit
from cephadmlib import runscripts
from cephadmlib.container_types import (
    CephContainer,
    InitContainer,
    SidecarContainer,
    extract_uid_gid,
    get_mgr_images,
    is_container_running,
)
from cephadmlib.decorators import (
    deprecated_command,
    executes_early,
    require_image
)
from cephadmlib.host_facts import HostFacts, list_networks
from cephadmlib.ssh import authorize_ssh_key, check_ssh_connectivity
from cephadmlib.daemon_form import (
    DaemonForm,
    UnexpectedDaemonTypeError,
    create as daemon_form_create,
    register as register_daemon_form,
)
from cephadmlib.deploy import DeploymentType
from cephadmlib.container_daemon_form import (
    ContainerDaemonForm,
    daemon_to_container,
)
from cephadmlib.sysctl import install_sysctl, migrate_sysctl_dir
from cephadmlib.firewalld import Firewalld, update_firewalld
from cephadmlib import templating
from cephadmlib.daemons.ceph import get_ceph_mounts_for_type, ceph_daemons
from cephadmlib.daemons import (
    Ceph,
    CephExporter,
    CephIscsi,
    CephNvmeof,
    CustomContainer,
    HAproxy,
    Keepalived,
    Monitoring,
    NFSGanesha,
    SMB,
    SNMPGateway,
    MgmtGateway,
    OAuth2Proxy,
    Tracing,
    NodeProxy,
)
from cephadmlib.agent import http_query
from cephadmlib.listing import (
    CombinedStatusUpdater,
    DaemonStatusUpdater,
    NoOpDaemonStatusUpdater,
    daemons_matching,
    daemons_summary,
)
from cephadmlib.listing_updaters import (
    CPUUsageStatusUpdater,
    CoreStatusUpdater,
    DigestsStatusUpdater,
    MemUsageStatusUpdater,
    VersionStatusUpdater,
)
from cephadmlib.container_lookup import infer_local_ceph_image, identify


FuncT = TypeVar('FuncT', bound=Callable)


logger = logging.getLogger()


##################################


def get_supported_daemons():
    # type: () -> List[str]
    supported_daemons = ceph_daemons()
    supported_daemons.extend(Monitoring.components)
    supported_daemons.append(NFSGanesha.daemon_type)
    supported_daemons.append(CephIscsi.daemon_type)
    supported_daemons.append(CephNvmeof.daemon_type)
    supported_daemons.append(CustomContainer.daemon_type)
    supported_daemons.append(HAproxy.daemon_type)
    supported_daemons.append(Keepalived.daemon_type)
    supported_daemons.append(CephadmAgent.daemon_type)
    supported_daemons.append(SNMPGateway.daemon_type)
    supported_daemons.append(MgmtGateway.daemon_type)
    supported_daemons.append(OAuth2Proxy.daemon_type)
    supported_daemons.extend(Tracing.components)
    supported_daemons.append(NodeProxy.daemon_type)
    supported_daemons.append(SMB.daemon_type)
    assert len(supported_daemons) == len(set(supported_daemons))
    return supported_daemons

##################################


def json_loads_retry(cli_func: Callable[[], str]) -> Any:
    for sleep_secs in [1, 4, 4]:
        try:
            return json.loads(cli_func())
        except json.JSONDecodeError:
            logger.debug('Invalid JSON. Retrying in %s seconds...' % sleep_secs)
            time.sleep(sleep_secs)
    return json.loads(cli_func())


def is_available(ctx, what, func):
    # type: (CephadmContext, str, Callable[[], bool]) -> None
    """
    Wait for a service to become available

    :param what: the name of the service
    :param func: the callable object that determines availability
    """
    retry = ctx.retry
    logger.info('Waiting for %s...' % what)
    num = 1
    while True:
        if func():
            logger.info('%s is available'
                        % what)
            break
        elif num > retry:
            raise Error('%s not available after %s tries'
                        % (what, retry))

        logger.info('%s not available, waiting (%s/%s)...'
                    % (what, num, retry))

        num += 1
        time.sleep(2)


def generate_service_id():
    # type: () -> str
    return get_short_hostname() + '.' + ''.join(random.choice(string.ascii_lowercase)
                                                for _ in range(6))


def generate_password():
    # type: () -> str
    return ''.join(random.choice(string.ascii_lowercase + string.digits)
                   for i in range(10))


def make_fsid():
    # type: () -> str
    return str(uuid.uuid1())


def validate_fsid(func: FuncT) -> FuncT:
    @wraps(func)
    def _validate_fsid(ctx: CephadmContext) -> Any:
        if 'fsid' in ctx and ctx.fsid:
            if not is_fsid(ctx.fsid):
                raise Error('not an fsid: %s' % ctx.fsid)
        return func(ctx)
    return cast(FuncT, _validate_fsid)


def infer_fsid(func: FuncT) -> FuncT:
    """
    If we only find a single fsid in /var/lib/ceph/*, use that
    """
    @infer_config
    @wraps(func)
    def _infer_fsid(ctx: CephadmContext) -> Any:
        if 'fsid' in ctx and ctx.fsid:
            logger.debug('Using specified fsid: %s' % ctx.fsid)
            return func(ctx)

        fsids = set()

        cp = read_config(ctx.config)
        if cp.has_option('global', 'fsid'):
            fsids.add(cp.get('global', 'fsid'))

        daemon_list = daemons_summary(ctx)
        for daemon in daemon_list:
            if not is_fsid(daemon['fsid']):
                # 'unknown' fsid
                continue
            elif 'name' not in ctx or not ctx.name:
                # ctx.name not specified
                fsids.add(daemon['fsid'])
            elif daemon['name'] == ctx.name:
                # ctx.name is a match
                fsids.add(daemon['fsid'])
        fsids = sorted(fsids)

        if not fsids:
            # some commands do not always require an fsid
            pass
        elif len(fsids) == 1:
            logger.info('Inferring fsid %s' % fsids[0])
            ctx.fsid = fsids[0]
        else:
            raise Error('Cannot infer an fsid, one must be specified (using --fsid): %s' % fsids)
        return func(ctx)

    return cast(FuncT, _infer_fsid)


def infer_config(func: FuncT) -> FuncT:
    """
    Infer the cluster configuration using the following priority order:
     1- if the user has provided custom conf file (-c option) use it
     2- otherwise if daemon --name has been provided use daemon conf
     3- otherwise find the mon daemon conf file and use it (if v1)
     4- otherwise if {ctx.data_dir}/{fsid}/{CEPH_CONF_DIR} dir exists use it
     5- finally: fallback to the default file /etc/ceph/ceph.conf
    """
    @wraps(func)
    def _infer_config(ctx: CephadmContext) -> Any:

        def config_path(daemon_type: str, daemon_name: str) -> str:
            ident = DaemonIdentity(ctx.fsid, daemon_type, daemon_name)
            data_dir = ident.data_dir(ctx.data_dir)
            return os.path.join(data_dir, 'config')

        def get_mon_daemon_name(fsid: str) -> Optional[str]:
            daemon_list = daemons_summary(ctx)
            for daemon in daemon_list:
                if (
                    daemon.get('name', '').startswith('mon.')
                    and daemon.get('fsid', '') == fsid
                    and daemon.get('style', '') == 'cephadm:v1'
                    and os.path.exists(config_path('mon', daemon['name'].split('.', 1)[1]))
                ):
                    return daemon['name']
            return None

        ctx.config = ctx.config if 'config' in ctx else None
        #  check if user has provided conf by using -c option
        if ctx.config and (ctx.config != CEPH_DEFAULT_CONF):
            logger.debug(f'Using specified config: {ctx.config}')
            return func(ctx)

        if 'fsid' in ctx and ctx.fsid:
            name = ctx.name if ('name' in ctx and ctx.name) else get_mon_daemon_name(ctx.fsid)
            if name is not None:
                # daemon name has been specified (or inferred from mon), let's use its conf
                ctx.config = config_path(name.split('.', 1)[0], name.split('.', 1)[1])
            else:
                # no daemon, in case the cluster has a config dir then use it
                ceph_conf = f'{ctx.data_dir}/{ctx.fsid}/{CEPH_CONF_DIR}/{CEPH_CONF}'
                if os.path.exists(ceph_conf):
                    ctx.config = ceph_conf

        if ctx.config:
            logger.info(f'Inferring config {ctx.config}')
        elif os.path.exists(CEPH_DEFAULT_CONF):
            logger.debug(f'Using default config {CEPH_DEFAULT_CONF}')
            ctx.config = CEPH_DEFAULT_CONF
        return func(ctx)

    return cast(FuncT, _infer_config)


def _get_default_image(ctx: CephadmContext) -> str:
    if DEFAULT_IMAGE_IS_MAIN:
        warn = """This is a development version of cephadm.
For information regarding the latest stable release:
    https://docs.ceph.com/docs/{}/cephadm/install
""".format(LATEST_STABLE_RELEASE)
        for line in warn.splitlines():
            logger.warning(line, extra=Highlight.WARNING.extra())
    return DEFAULT_IMAGE


def infer_image(func: FuncT) -> FuncT:
    """
    Use the most recent ceph image
    """
    @wraps(func)
    def _infer_image(ctx: CephadmContext) -> Any:
        if not ctx.image:
            ctx.image = os.environ.get('CEPHADM_IMAGE')
        if not ctx.image:
            ctx.image = infer_local_ceph_image(ctx, ctx.container_engine.path)
        if not ctx.image:
            ctx.image = _get_default_image(ctx)
        return func(ctx)

    return cast(FuncT, _infer_image)


def default_image(func: FuncT) -> FuncT:
    @wraps(func)
    def _default_image(ctx: CephadmContext) -> Any:
        update_default_image(ctx)
        return func(ctx)

    return cast(FuncT, _default_image)


def update_default_image(ctx: CephadmContext) -> None:
    if getattr(ctx, 'image', None):
        return
    ctx.image = None  # ensure ctx.image exists to avoid repeated `getattr`s
    name = getattr(ctx, 'name', None)
    if name:
        type_ = name.split('.', 1)[0]
        if type_ in Monitoring.components:
            ctx.image = Monitoring.components[type_]['image']
        if type_ == 'haproxy':
            ctx.image = HAproxy.default_image
        if type_ == 'keepalived':
            ctx.image = Keepalived.default_image
        if type_ == SNMPGateway.daemon_type:
            ctx.image = SNMPGateway.default_image
        if type_ == MgmtGateway.daemon_type:
            ctx.image = MgmtGateway.default_image
        if type_ == OAuth2Proxy.daemon_type:
            ctx.image = OAuth2Proxy.default_image
        if type_ == CephNvmeof.daemon_type:
            ctx.image = CephNvmeof.default_image
        if type_ in Tracing.components:
            ctx.image = Tracing.components[type_]['image']
    if not ctx.image:
        ctx.image = os.environ.get('CEPHADM_IMAGE')
    if not ctx.image:
        ctx.image = _get_default_image(ctx)


def get_log_dir(fsid, log_dir):
    # type: (str, str) -> str
    return os.path.join(log_dir, fsid)


def make_data_dir_base(fsid, data_dir, uid, gid):
    # type: (str, str, int, int) -> str
    data_dir_base = os.path.join(data_dir, fsid)
    makedirs(data_dir_base, uid, gid, DATA_DIR_MODE)
    makedirs(os.path.join(data_dir_base, 'crash'), uid, gid, DATA_DIR_MODE)
    makedirs(os.path.join(data_dir_base, 'crash', 'posted'), uid, gid,
             DATA_DIR_MODE)
    return data_dir_base


def make_data_dir(
    ctx: CephadmContext,
    ident: 'DaemonIdentity',
    uid: Optional[int] = None,
    gid: Optional[int] = None,
) -> str:
    if uid is None or gid is None:
        uid, gid = extract_uid_gid(ctx)
    make_data_dir_base(ident.fsid, ctx.data_dir, uid, gid)
    data_dir = ident.data_dir(ctx.data_dir)
    makedirs(data_dir, uid, gid, DATA_DIR_MODE)
    return data_dir


def make_log_dir(ctx, fsid, uid=None, gid=None):
    # type: (CephadmContext, str, Optional[int], Optional[int]) -> str
    if uid is None or gid is None:
        uid, gid = extract_uid_gid(ctx)
    log_dir = get_log_dir(fsid, ctx.log_dir)
    makedirs(log_dir, uid, gid, LOG_DIR_MODE)
    return log_dir


def make_var_run(ctx, fsid, uid, gid):
    # type: (CephadmContext, str, int, int) -> None
    call_throws(ctx, ['install', '-d', '-m0770', '-o', str(uid), '-g', str(gid),
                      '/var/run/ceph/%s' % fsid])


def copy_tree(ctx, src, dst, uid=None, gid=None):
    # type: (CephadmContext, List[str], str, Optional[int], Optional[int]) -> None
    """
    Copy a directory tree from src to dst
    """
    if uid is None or gid is None:
        (uid, gid) = extract_uid_gid(ctx)

    for src_dir in src:
        dst_dir = dst
        if os.path.isdir(dst):
            dst_dir = os.path.join(dst, os.path.basename(src_dir))

        logger.debug('copy directory `%s` -> `%s`' % (src_dir, dst_dir))
        shutil.rmtree(dst_dir, ignore_errors=True)
        shutil.copytree(src_dir, dst_dir)  # dirs_exist_ok needs python 3.8

        for dirpath, dirnames, filenames in os.walk(dst_dir):
            logger.debug('chown %s:%s `%s`' % (uid, gid, dirpath))
            os.chown(dirpath, uid, gid)
            for filename in filenames:
                logger.debug('chown %s:%s `%s`' % (uid, gid, filename))
                os.chown(os.path.join(dirpath, filename), uid, gid)


def copy_files(ctx, src, dst, uid=None, gid=None):
    # type: (CephadmContext, List[str], str, Optional[int], Optional[int]) -> None
    """
    Copy a files from src to dst
    """
    if uid is None or gid is None:
        (uid, gid) = extract_uid_gid(ctx)

    for src_file in src:
        dst_file = dst
        if os.path.isdir(dst):
            dst_file = os.path.join(dst, os.path.basename(src_file))

        logger.debug('copy file `%s` -> `%s`' % (src_file, dst_file))
        shutil.copyfile(src_file, dst_file)

        logger.debug('chown %s:%s `%s`' % (uid, gid, dst_file))
        os.chown(dst_file, uid, gid)


def move_files(ctx, src, dst, uid=None, gid=None):
    # type: (CephadmContext, List[str], str, Optional[int], Optional[int]) -> None
    """
    Move files from src to dst
    """
    if uid is None or gid is None:
        (uid, gid) = extract_uid_gid(ctx)

    for src_file in src:
        dst_file = dst
        if os.path.isdir(dst):
            dst_file = os.path.join(dst, os.path.basename(src_file))

        if os.path.islink(src_file):
            # shutil.move() in py2 does not handle symlinks correctly
            src_rl = os.readlink(src_file)
            logger.debug("symlink '%s' -> '%s'" % (dst_file, src_rl))
            os.symlink(src_rl, dst_file)
            os.unlink(src_file)
        else:
            logger.debug("move file '%s' -> '%s'" % (src_file, dst_file))
            shutil.move(src_file, dst_file)
            logger.debug('chown %s:%s `%s`' % (uid, gid, dst_file))
            os.chown(dst_file, uid, gid)


def get_unit_name(
    fsid: str, daemon_type: str, daemon_id: Union[str, int]
) -> str:
    """Return the name of the systemd unit given an fsid, a daemon_type,
    and the daemon_id.
    """
    # TODO: fully replace get_unit_name with DaemonIdentity instances
    return DaemonIdentity(fsid, daemon_type, daemon_id).unit_name


def lookup_unit_name_by_daemon_name(ctx: CephadmContext, fsid: str, name: str) -> str:
    daemon = get_daemon_description(ctx, fsid, name)
    try:
        return daemon['systemd_unit']
    except KeyError:
        raise Error('Failed to get unit name for {}'.format(daemon))


def create_daemon_dirs(
    ctx: CephadmContext,
    ident: 'DaemonIdentity',
    uid: int,
    gid: int,
    config: Optional[str] = None,
    keyring: Optional[str] = None,
) -> None:
    # unpack fsid and daemon_type from ident because they're used very frequently
    fsid, daemon_type = ident.fsid, ident.daemon_type
    data_dir = make_data_dir(ctx, ident, uid=uid, gid=gid)

    if daemon_type in ceph_daemons():
        make_log_dir(ctx, fsid, uid=uid, gid=gid)

    if config:
        config_path = os.path.join(data_dir, 'config')
        with write_new(config_path, owner=(uid, gid)) as f:
            f.write(config)

    if keyring:
        keyring_path = os.path.join(data_dir, 'keyring')
        with write_new(keyring_path, owner=(uid, gid)) as f:
            f.write(keyring)

    if daemon_type in Monitoring.components.keys():
        config_json = fetch_configs(ctx)

        # Set up directories specific to the monitoring component
        config_dir = ''
        data_dir_root = ''
        if daemon_type == 'prometheus':
            data_dir_root = ident.data_dir(ctx.data_dir)
            config_dir = 'etc/prometheus'
            makedirs(os.path.join(data_dir_root, config_dir), uid, gid, 0o755)
            makedirs(os.path.join(data_dir_root, config_dir, 'alerting'), uid, gid, 0o755)
            makedirs(os.path.join(data_dir_root, 'data'), uid, gid, 0o755)
            recursive_chown(os.path.join(data_dir_root, 'etc'), uid, gid)
            recursive_chown(os.path.join(data_dir_root, 'data'), uid, gid)
        elif daemon_type == 'grafana':
            data_dir_root = ident.data_dir(ctx.data_dir)
            config_dir = 'etc/grafana'
            makedirs(os.path.join(data_dir_root, config_dir), uid, gid, 0o755)
            makedirs(os.path.join(data_dir_root, config_dir, 'certs'), uid, gid, 0o755)
            makedirs(os.path.join(data_dir_root, config_dir, 'provisioning/datasources'), uid, gid, 0o755)
            makedirs(os.path.join(data_dir_root, config_dir, 'provisioning/dashboards'), uid, gid, 0o755)
            makedirs(os.path.join(data_dir_root, 'data'), uid, gid, 0o472)
            touch(os.path.join(data_dir_root, 'data', 'grafana.db'), uid, gid)
            recursive_chown(os.path.join(data_dir_root, 'data'), uid, gid)
        elif daemon_type == 'alertmanager':
            data_dir_root = ident.data_dir(ctx.data_dir)
            config_dir = 'etc/alertmanager'
            makedirs(os.path.join(data_dir_root, config_dir), uid, gid, 0o755)
            makedirs(os.path.join(data_dir_root, config_dir, 'data'), uid, gid, 0o755)
        elif daemon_type == 'promtail':
            data_dir_root = ident.data_dir(ctx.data_dir)
            config_dir = 'etc/promtail'
            makedirs(os.path.join(data_dir_root, config_dir), uid, gid, 0o755)
            makedirs(os.path.join(data_dir_root, 'data'), uid, gid, 0o755)
        elif daemon_type == 'loki':
            data_dir_root = ident.data_dir(ctx.data_dir)
            config_dir = 'etc/loki'
            makedirs(os.path.join(data_dir_root, config_dir), uid, gid, 0o755)
            makedirs(os.path.join(data_dir_root, 'data'), uid, gid, 0o755)
        elif daemon_type == 'node-exporter':
            data_dir_root = ident.data_dir(ctx.data_dir)
            config_dir = 'etc/node-exporter'
            makedirs(os.path.join(data_dir_root, config_dir), uid, gid, 0o755)
            recursive_chown(os.path.join(data_dir_root, 'etc'), uid, gid)

        # populate the config directory for the component from the config-json
        if 'files' in config_json:
            for fname in config_json['files']:
                # work around mypy wierdness where it thinks `str`s aren't Anys
                # when used for dictionary values! feels like possibly a mypy bug?!
                cfg = cast(Dict[str, Any], config_json['files'])
                content = dict_get_join(cfg, fname)
                if os.path.isabs(fname):
                    fpath = os.path.join(data_dir_root, fname.lstrip(os.path.sep))
                else:
                    fpath = os.path.join(data_dir_root, config_dir, fname)
                with write_new(fpath, owner=(uid, gid), encoding='utf-8') as f:
                    f.write(content)

    elif daemon_type == NFSGanesha.daemon_type:
        nfs_ganesha = NFSGanesha.init(ctx, fsid, ident.daemon_id)
        nfs_ganesha.create_daemon_dirs(data_dir, uid, gid)

    elif daemon_type == CephIscsi.daemon_type:
        ceph_iscsi = CephIscsi.init(ctx, fsid, ident.daemon_id)
        ceph_iscsi.create_daemon_dirs(data_dir, uid, gid)

    elif daemon_type == CephNvmeof.daemon_type:
        ceph_nvmeof = CephNvmeof.init(ctx, fsid, ident.daemon_id)
        ceph_nvmeof.create_daemon_dirs(data_dir, uid, gid)

    elif daemon_type == HAproxy.daemon_type:
        haproxy = HAproxy.init(ctx, fsid, ident.daemon_id)
        haproxy.create_daemon_dirs(data_dir, uid, gid)

    elif daemon_type == Keepalived.daemon_type:
        keepalived = Keepalived.init(ctx, fsid, ident.daemon_id)
        keepalived.create_daemon_dirs(data_dir, uid, gid)

    elif daemon_type == CustomContainer.daemon_type:
        cc = CustomContainer.init(ctx, fsid, ident.daemon_id)
        cc.create_daemon_dirs(data_dir, uid, gid)

    elif daemon_type == SNMPGateway.daemon_type:
        sg = SNMPGateway.init(ctx, fsid, ident.daemon_id)
        sg.create_daemon_conf()

    elif daemon_type == MgmtGateway.daemon_type:
        cg = MgmtGateway.init(ctx, fsid, ident.daemon_id)
        cg.create_daemon_dirs(data_dir, uid, gid)

    elif daemon_type == OAuth2Proxy.daemon_type:
        co = OAuth2Proxy.init(ctx, fsid, ident.daemon_id)
        co.create_daemon_dirs(data_dir, uid, gid)

    elif daemon_type == NodeProxy.daemon_type:
        node_proxy = NodeProxy.init(ctx, fsid, ident.daemon_id)
        node_proxy.create_daemon_dirs(data_dir, uid, gid)

    elif daemon_type == CephExporter.daemon_type:
        ceph_exporter = CephExporter.init(ctx, fsid, ident.daemon_id)
        ceph_exporter.create_daemon_dirs(data_dir, uid, gid)

    else:
        daemon = daemon_form_create(ctx, ident)
        if isinstance(daemon, ContainerDaemonForm):
            daemon.prepare_data_dir(data_dir, uid, gid)

    _write_custom_conf_files(ctx, ident, uid, gid)


def _write_custom_conf_files(
    ctx: CephadmContext, ident: 'DaemonIdentity', uid: int, gid: int
) -> None:
    # mostly making this its own function to make unit testing easier
    ccfiles = fetch_custom_config_files(ctx)
    if not ccfiles:
        return
    custom_config_dir = os.path.join(
        ctx.data_dir,
        ident.fsid,
        'custom_config_files',
        f'{ident.daemon_type}.{ident.daemon_id}',
    )
    if not os.path.exists(custom_config_dir):
        makedirs(custom_config_dir, uid, gid, 0o755)
    mandatory_keys = ['mount_path', 'content']
    for ccf in ccfiles:
        if all(k in ccf for k in mandatory_keys):
            file_path = os.path.join(custom_config_dir, os.path.basename(ccf['mount_path']))
            with write_new(file_path, owner=(uid, gid), encoding='utf-8') as f:
                f.write(ccf['content'])
            # temporary workaround to make custom config files work for tcmu-runner
            # container we deploy with iscsi until iscsi is refactored
            if ident.daemon_type == 'iscsi':
                tcmu_config_dir = custom_config_dir + '.tcmu'
                if not os.path.exists(tcmu_config_dir):
                    makedirs(tcmu_config_dir, uid, gid, 0o755)
                tcmu_file_path = os.path.join(tcmu_config_dir, os.path.basename(ccf['mount_path']))
                with write_new(tcmu_file_path, owner=(uid, gid), encoding='utf-8') as f:
                    f.write(ccf['content'])


def get_container_binds(
    ctx: CephadmContext, ident: 'DaemonIdentity'
) -> List[List[str]]:
    binds: List[List[str]] = list()
    daemon = daemon_form_create(ctx, ident)
    assert isinstance(daemon, ContainerDaemonForm)
    daemon.customize_container_binds(ctx, binds)
    return binds


def get_container_mounts_for_type(
    ctx: CephadmContext, fsid: str, daemon_type: str
) -> Dict[str, str]:
    """Return a dictionary mapping container-external paths to container-internal
    paths given an fsid and daemon_type.
    """
    mounts = get_ceph_mounts_for_type(ctx, fsid, daemon_type)
    _update_podman_mounts(ctx, mounts)
    return mounts


def get_container_mounts(
    ctx: CephadmContext, ident: 'DaemonIdentity', no_config: bool = False
) -> Dict[str, str]:
    """Return a dictionary mapping container-external paths to container-internal
    paths given a daemon identity.
    Setting `no_config` will skip mapping a daemon specific ceph.conf file.
    """
    # unpack daemon_type from ident because they're used very frequently
    daemon_type = ident.daemon_type
    mounts: Dict[str, str] = {}

    assert ident.fsid
    assert ident.daemon_id
    # Ceph daemon types are special cased here beacause of the no_config
    # option which JJM thinks is *only* used by cephadm shell
    if daemon_type in ceph_daemons():
        mounts = Ceph.get_ceph_mounts(ctx, ident, no_config=no_config)
    else:
        daemon = daemon_form_create(ctx, ident)
        assert isinstance(daemon, ContainerDaemonForm)
        daemon.customize_container_mounts(ctx, mounts)

    _update_podman_mounts(ctx, mounts)
    return mounts


def _update_podman_mounts(ctx: CephadmContext, mounts: Dict[str, str]) -> None:
    """Update the given mounts dict with mounts specific to podman."""
    if isinstance(ctx.container_engine, Podman):
        ctx.container_engine.update_mounts(ctx, mounts)


def get_ceph_volume_container(ctx: CephadmContext,
                              privileged: bool = True,
                              cname: str = '',
                              volume_mounts: Dict[str, str] = {},
                              bind_mounts: Optional[List[List[str]]] = None,
                              args: List[str] = [],
                              envs: Optional[List[str]] = None) -> 'CephContainer':
    if envs is None:
        envs = []
    envs.append('CEPH_VOLUME_SKIP_RESTORECON=yes')
    envs.append('CEPH_VOLUME_DEBUG=1')

    return CephContainer(
        ctx,
        image=ctx.image,
        entrypoint='/usr/sbin/ceph-volume',
        args=args,
        volume_mounts=volume_mounts,
        bind_mounts=bind_mounts,
        envs=envs,
        privileged=privileged,
        cname=cname,
        memory_request=ctx.memory_request,
        memory_limit=ctx.memory_limit,
    )


def get_container(
    ctx: CephadmContext,
    ident: 'DaemonIdentity',
) -> 'CephContainer':
    daemon = daemon_form_create(ctx, ident)
    assert isinstance(daemon, ContainerDaemonForm)
    privileged = ident.daemon_type in {'mon', 'osd', CephIscsi.daemon_type}
    host_network = ident.daemon_type != CustomContainer.daemon_type
    return daemon_to_container(
        ctx, daemon, privileged=privileged, host_network=host_network
    )


def _update_container_args_for_podman(
    ctx: CephadmContext, ident: DaemonIdentity, container_args: List[str]
) -> None:
    if not isinstance(ctx.container_engine, Podman):
        return
    container_args.extend(
        ctx.container_engine.service_args(ctx, ident.service_name)
    )


def deploy_daemon(
    ctx: CephadmContext,
    ident: 'DaemonIdentity',
    c: Optional['CephContainer'],
    uid: int,
    gid: int,
    config: Optional[str] = None,
    keyring: Optional[str] = None,
    osd_fsid: Optional[str] = None,
    deployment_type: DeploymentType = DeploymentType.DEFAULT,
    endpoints: Optional[List[EndPoint]] = None,
    init_containers: Optional[List['InitContainer']] = None,
    sidecars: Optional[List[SidecarContainer]] = None,
) -> None:
    endpoints = endpoints or []
    daemon_type = ident.daemon_type
    # only check port in use if fresh deployment since service
    # we are redeploying/reconfiguring will already be using the port
    if deployment_type == DeploymentType.DEFAULT:
        if any([port_in_use(ctx, e) for e in endpoints]):
            if daemon_type == 'mgr':
                # non-fatal for mgr when we are in mgr_standby_modules=false, but we can't
                # tell whether that is the case here.
                logger.warning(
                    f"ceph-mgr TCP port(s) {','.join(map(str, endpoints))} already in use"
                )
            else:
                raise Error("TCP Port(s) '{}' required for {} already in use".format(','.join(map(str, endpoints)), daemon_type))

    data_dir = ident.data_dir(ctx.data_dir)
    if deployment_type == DeploymentType.RECONFIG and not os.path.exists(data_dir):
        raise Error('cannot reconfig, data path %s does not exist' % data_dir)
    if daemon_type == 'mon' and not os.path.exists(data_dir):
        assert config
        assert keyring
        # tmp keyring file
        tmp_keyring = write_tmp(keyring, uid, gid)

        # tmp config file
        tmp_config = write_tmp(config, uid, gid)

        # --mkfs
        create_daemon_dirs(ctx, ident, uid, gid)
        assert ident.daemon_type == 'mon'
        mon_dir = ident.data_dir(ctx.data_dir)
        log_dir = get_log_dir(ident.fsid, ctx.log_dir)
        CephContainer(
            ctx,
            image=ctx.image,
            entrypoint='/usr/bin/ceph-mon',
            args=[
                '--mkfs',
                '-i', ident.daemon_id,
                '--fsid', ident.fsid,
                '-c', '/tmp/config',
                '--keyring', '/tmp/keyring',
            ] + Ceph.create(ctx, ident).get_daemon_args(),
            volume_mounts={
                log_dir: '/var/log/ceph:z',
                mon_dir: '/var/lib/ceph/mon/ceph-%s:z' % (ident.daemon_id),
                tmp_keyring.name: '/tmp/keyring:z',
                tmp_config.name: '/tmp/config:z',
            },
        ).run()

        # write conf
        with write_new(mon_dir + '/config', owner=(uid, gid)) as f:
            f.write(config)
    else:
        # dirs, conf, keyring
        create_daemon_dirs(ctx, ident, uid, gid, config, keyring)

    # only write out unit files and start daemon
    # with systemd if this is not a reconfig
    if deployment_type != DeploymentType.RECONFIG:
        if daemon_type == CephadmAgent.daemon_type:
            config_js = fetch_configs(ctx)
            assert isinstance(config_js, dict)

            cephadm_agent = CephadmAgent(ctx, ident.fsid, ident.daemon_id)
            cephadm_agent.deploy_daemon_unit(config_js)
        else:
            if c:
                deploy_daemon_units(
                    ctx,
                    ident,
                    uid,
                    gid,
                    c,
                    osd_fsid=osd_fsid,
                    endpoints=endpoints,
                    init_containers=init_containers,
                    sidecars=sidecars,
                )
            else:
                raise RuntimeError('attempting to deploy a daemon without a container image')

    if not os.path.exists(data_dir + '/unit.created'):
        with write_new(data_dir + '/unit.created', owner=(uid, gid)) as f:
            f.write('mtime is time the daemon deployment was created\n')

    with write_new(data_dir + '/unit.configured', owner=(uid, gid)) as f:
        f.write('mtime is time we were last configured\n')

    update_firewalld(ctx, daemon_form_create(ctx, ident))

    # Open ports explicitly required for the daemon
    if not ('skip_firewalld' in ctx and ctx.skip_firewalld):
        if endpoints:
            fw = Firewalld(ctx)
            fw.open_ports([e.port for e in endpoints] + fw.external_ports.get(daemon_type, []))
            fw.apply_rules()

    # If this was a reconfig and the daemon is not a Ceph daemon, restart it
    # so it can pick up potential changes to its configuration files
    if deployment_type == DeploymentType.RECONFIG and daemon_type not in ceph_daemons():
        # ceph daemons do not need a restart; others (presumably) do to pick
        # up the new config
        call_throws(ctx, ['systemctl', 'reset-failed', ident.unit_name])
        call_throws(ctx, ['systemctl', 'restart', ident.unit_name])


def clean_cgroup(ctx: CephadmContext, fsid: str, unit_name: str) -> None:
    # systemd may fail to cleanup cgroups from previous stopped unit, which will cause next "systemctl start" to fail.
    # see https://tracker.ceph.com/issues/50998

    CGROUPV2_PATH = Path('/sys/fs/cgroup')
    if not (CGROUPV2_PATH / 'system.slice').exists():
        # Only unified cgroup is affected, skip if not the case
        return

    slice_name = 'system-ceph\\x2d{}.slice'.format(fsid.replace('-', '\\x2d'))
    cg_path = CGROUPV2_PATH / 'system.slice' / slice_name / f'{unit_name}.service'
    if not cg_path.exists():
        return

    def cg_trim(path: Path) -> None:
        for p in path.iterdir():
            if p.is_dir():
                cg_trim(p)
        path.rmdir()
    try:
        cg_trim(cg_path)
    except OSError:
        logger.warning(f'Failed to trim old cgroups {cg_path}')


def deploy_daemon_units(
    ctx: CephadmContext,
    ident: 'DaemonIdentity',
    uid: int,
    gid: int,
    container: 'CephContainer',
    enable: bool = True,
    start: bool = True,
    osd_fsid: Optional[str] = None,
    endpoints: Optional[List[EndPoint]] = None,
    init_containers: Optional[List[InitContainer]] = None,
    sidecars: Optional[List[SidecarContainer]] = None,
) -> None:
    data_dir = ident.data_dir(ctx.data_dir)
    pre_start_commands: List[runscripts.Command] = []
    post_stop_commands: List[runscripts.Command] = []

    if ident.daemon_type in ceph_daemons():
        install_path = find_program('install')
        pre_start_commands.append('{install_path} -d -m0770 -o {uid} -g {gid} /var/run/ceph/{fsid}\n'.format(install_path=install_path, fsid=ident.fsid, uid=uid, gid=gid))
    if ident.daemon_type == 'osd':
        assert osd_fsid
        pre_start_commands.extend(_osd_unit_run_commands(
            ctx, ident, osd_fsid, data_dir, uid, gid
        ))
        post_stop_commands.extend(
            _osd_unit_poststop_commands(ctx, ident, osd_fsid)
        )
    if ident.daemon_type == CephIscsi.daemon_type:
        pre_start_commands.append(
            CephIscsi.configfs_mount_umount(data_dir, mount=True)
        )
        post_stop_commands.append(
            CephIscsi.configfs_mount_umount(data_dir, mount=False)
        )

    runscripts.write_service_scripts(
        ctx,
        ident,
        container=container,
        init_containers=init_containers,
        sidecars=sidecars,
        endpoints=endpoints,
        pre_start_commands=pre_start_commands,
        post_stop_commands=post_stop_commands,
        timeout=30 if ident.daemon_type == 'osd' else None,
    )

    # sysctl
    install_sysctl(ctx, ident.fsid, daemon_form_create(ctx, ident))

    # systemd
    ic_ids = [
        DaemonSubIdentity.must(ic.identity) for ic in init_containers or []
    ]
    sc_ids = [
        DaemonSubIdentity.must(sc.identity) for sc in sidecars or []
    ]
    systemd_unit.update_files(
        ctx, ident, init_container_ids=ic_ids, sidecar_ids=sc_ids
    )
    call_throws(ctx, ['systemctl', 'daemon-reload'])

    unit_name = get_unit_name(ident.fsid, ident.daemon_type, ident.daemon_id)
    call(ctx, ['systemctl', 'stop', unit_name],
         verbosity=CallVerbosity.DEBUG)
    call(ctx, ['systemctl', 'reset-failed', unit_name],
         verbosity=CallVerbosity.DEBUG)

    # TODO: this should happen automatically some day
    sd_path_info = systemd_unit.sidecars_from_dropin(
        systemd_unit.PathInfo(ctx.unit_dir, ident), missing_ok=True
    )
    for sc_unit in sd_path_info.sidecar_unit_files.values():
        call(ctx, ['systemctl', 'stop', sc_unit.name],
             verbosity=CallVerbosity.DEBUG)
        call(ctx, ['systemctl', 'reset-failed', sc_unit.name],
             verbosity=CallVerbosity.DEBUG)

    if enable:
        call_throws(ctx, ['systemctl', 'enable', unit_name])
    if start:
        clean_cgroup(ctx, ident.fsid, unit_name)
        try:
            call_throws(ctx, ['systemctl', 'start', unit_name])
        except Exception as e:
            logger.error(f'systemctl start failed for {unit_name}: {str(e)}')
            raise DaemonStartException()


def _osd_unit_run_commands(
    ctx: CephadmContext,
    ident: 'DaemonIdentity',
    osd_fsid: str,
    data_dir: str,
    uid: int,
    gid: int,
) -> List[runscripts.Command]:
    cmds: List[runscripts.Command] = []
    # osds have a pre-start step
    simple_fn = os.path.join('/etc/ceph/osd',
                             '%s-%s.json.adopted-by-cephadm' % (ident.daemon_id, osd_fsid))
    if os.path.exists(simple_fn):
        cmds.append('# Simple OSDs need chown on startup:\n')
        for n in ['block', 'block.db', 'block.wal']:
            p = os.path.join(data_dir, n)
            cmds.append('[ ! -L {p} ] || chown {uid}:{gid} {p}\n'.format(p=p, uid=uid, gid=gid))
    else:
        # if ceph-volume does not support 'ceph-volume activate', we must
        # do 'ceph-volume lvm activate'.
        fsid = ident.fsid
        daemon_type = ident.daemon_type
        daemon_id = ident.daemon_id
        test_cv = get_ceph_volume_container(
            ctx,
            args=['activate', '--bad-option'],
            volume_mounts=get_container_mounts(ctx, ident),
            bind_mounts=get_container_binds(ctx, ident),
            cname='ceph-%s-%s.%s-activate-test' % (fsid, daemon_type, daemon_id),
        )
        out, err, ret = call(ctx, test_cv.run_cmd(), verbosity=CallVerbosity.SILENT)
        #  bad: ceph-volume: error: unrecognized arguments: activate --bad-option
        # good: ceph-volume: error: unrecognized arguments: --bad-option
        if 'unrecognized arguments: activate' in err:
            # older ceph-volume without top-level activate or --no-tmpfs
            cmd = [
                'lvm', 'activate',
                str(daemon_id), osd_fsid,
                '--no-systemd',
            ]
        else:
            cmd = [
                'activate',
                '--osd-id', str(daemon_id),
                '--osd-uuid', osd_fsid,
                '--no-systemd',
                '--no-tmpfs',
            ]

        prestart = get_ceph_volume_container(
            ctx,
            args=cmd,
            volume_mounts=get_container_mounts(ctx, ident),
            bind_mounts=get_container_binds(ctx, ident),
            cname='ceph-%s-%s.%s-activate' % (fsid, daemon_type, daemon_id),
        )
        cmds.append(runscripts.ContainerCommand(prestart, comment='LVM OSDs use ceph-volume lvm activate'))
    return cmds


def _osd_unit_poststop_commands(
    ctx: CephadmContext, ident: 'DaemonIdentity', osd_fsid: str
) -> List[runscripts.Command]:
    poststop = get_ceph_volume_container(
        ctx,
        args=[
            'lvm', 'deactivate',
            ident.daemon_id, osd_fsid,
        ],
        volume_mounts=get_container_mounts(ctx, ident),
        bind_mounts=get_container_binds(ctx, ident),
        cname='ceph-%s-%s.%s-deactivate' % (ident.fsid, ident.daemon_type, ident.daemon_id),
    )
    return [runscripts.ContainerCommand(poststop, comment='deactivate osd')]


##################################


class MgrListener(Thread):
    def __init__(self, agent: 'CephadmAgent') -> None:
        self.agent = agent
        self.stop = False
        super(MgrListener, self).__init__(target=self.run)

    def run(self) -> None:
        listenSocket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
        listenSocket.bind(('0.0.0.0', int(self.agent.listener_port)))
        listenSocket.settimeout(60)
        listenSocket.listen(1)
        ssl_ctx = ssl.create_default_context(ssl.Purpose.CLIENT_AUTH)
        ssl_ctx.verify_mode = ssl.CERT_REQUIRED
        ssl_ctx.load_cert_chain(self.agent.listener_cert_path, self.agent.listener_key_path)
        ssl_ctx.load_verify_locations(self.agent.ca_path)
        secureListenSocket = ssl_ctx.wrap_socket(listenSocket, server_side=True)
        while not self.stop:
            try:
                try:
                    conn, _ = secureListenSocket.accept()
                except socket.timeout:
                    continue
                try:
                    length: int = int(conn.recv(10).decode())
                except Exception as e:
                    err_str = f'Failed to extract length of payload from message: {e}'
                    conn.send(err_str.encode())
                    logger.error(err_str)
                    continue
                while True:
                    payload = conn.recv(length).decode()
                    if not payload:
                        break
                    try:
                        data: Dict[Any, Any] = json.loads(payload)
                        self.handle_json_payload(data)
                    except Exception as e:
                        err_str = f'Failed to extract json payload from message: {e}'
                        conn.send(err_str.encode())
                        logger.error(err_str)
                    else:
                        if 'counter' in data:
                            conn.send(b'ACK')
                            if 'config' in data:
                                self.agent.wakeup()
                            self.agent.ls_gatherer.wakeup()
                            self.agent.volume_gatherer.wakeup()
                            logger.debug(f'Got mgr message {data}')
            except Exception as e:
                logger.error(f'Mgr Listener encountered exception: {e}')

    def shutdown(self) -> None:
        self.stop = True

    def handle_json_payload(self, data: Dict[Any, Any]) -> None:
        if 'counter' in data:
            self.agent.ack = int(data['counter'])
            if 'config' in data:
                logger.info('Received new config from mgr')
                config = data['config']
                for filename in config:
                    if filename in self.agent.required_files:
                        file_path = os.path.join(self.agent.daemon_dir, filename)
                        with write_new(file_path) as f:
                            f.write(config[filename])
                self.agent.pull_conf_settings()
                self.agent.wakeup()
        else:
            raise RuntimeError('No valid data received.')


@register_daemon_form
class CephadmAgent(DaemonForm):

    daemon_type = 'agent'
    default_port = 8498
    loop_interval = 30
    stop = False

    required_files = [
        'agent.json',
        'keyring',
        'root_cert.pem',
        'listener.crt',
        'listener.key',
    ]

    @classmethod
    def for_daemon_type(cls, daemon_type: str) -> bool:
        return cls.daemon_type == daemon_type

    @classmethod
    def create(cls, ctx: CephadmContext, ident: DaemonIdentity) -> 'CephadmAgent':
        return cls(ctx, ident.fsid, ident.daemon_id)

    @property
    def identity(self) -> DaemonIdentity:
        return DaemonIdentity(self.fsid, self.daemon_type, self.daemon_id)

    def __init__(self, ctx: CephadmContext, fsid: str, daemon_id: Union[int, str] = ''):
        self.ctx = ctx
        self.fsid = fsid
        self.daemon_id = daemon_id
        self.starting_port = 14873
        self.target_ip = ''
        self.target_port = ''
        self.host = ''
        self.daemon_dir = os.path.join(ctx.data_dir, self.fsid, f'{self.daemon_type}.{self.daemon_id}')
        self.config_path = os.path.join(self.daemon_dir, 'agent.json')
        self.keyring_path = os.path.join(self.daemon_dir, 'keyring')
        self.ca_path = os.path.join(self.daemon_dir, 'root_cert.pem')
        self.listener_cert_path = os.path.join(self.daemon_dir, 'listener.crt')
        self.listener_key_path = os.path.join(self.daemon_dir, 'listener.key')
        self.listener_port = ''
        self.ack = 1
        self.event = Event()
        self.mgr_listener = MgrListener(self)
        self.ls_gatherer = AgentGatherer(self, lambda: self._get_ls(), 'Ls')
        self.volume_gatherer = AgentGatherer(self, lambda: self._ceph_volume(enhanced=False), 'Volume')
        self.device_enhanced_scan = False
        self.recent_iteration_run_times: List[float] = [0.0, 0.0, 0.0]
        self.recent_iteration_index: int = 0
        self.cached_ls_values: Dict[str, Dict[str, str]] = {}
        self.ssl_ctx = ssl.create_default_context()
        self.ssl_ctx.check_hostname = True
        self.ssl_ctx.verify_mode = ssl.CERT_REQUIRED

    def validate(self, config: Dict[str, str] = {}) -> None:
        # check for the required files
        for fname in self.required_files:
            if fname not in config:
                raise Error('required file missing from config: %s' % fname)

    def deploy_daemon_unit(self, config: Dict[str, str] = {}) -> None:
        if not config:
            raise Error('Agent needs a config')
        assert isinstance(config, dict)
        self.validate(config)

        # Create the required config files in the daemons dir, with restricted permissions
        for filename in config:
            if filename in self.required_files:
                file_path = os.path.join(self.daemon_dir, filename)
                with write_new(file_path) as f:
                    f.write(config[filename])

        unit_run_path = os.path.join(self.daemon_dir, 'unit.run')
        with write_new(unit_run_path) as f:
            f.write(self.unit_run())

        meta: Dict[str, Any] = fetch_meta(self.ctx)
        meta_file_path = os.path.join(self.daemon_dir, 'unit.meta')
        with write_new(meta_file_path) as f:
            f.write(json.dumps(meta, indent=4) + '\n')

        unit_file_path = os.path.join(self.ctx.unit_dir, self._service_name())
        with write_new(unit_file_path) as f:
            f.write(self.unit_file())

        call_throws(self.ctx, ['systemctl', 'daemon-reload'])
        call(self.ctx, ['systemctl', 'stop', self._service_name()],
             verbosity=CallVerbosity.DEBUG)
        call(self.ctx, ['systemctl', 'reset-failed', self._service_name()],
             verbosity=CallVerbosity.DEBUG)
        call_throws(self.ctx, ['systemctl', 'enable', '--now', self._service_name()])

    def _service_name(self) -> str:
        return self.identity.service_name

    def unit_run(self) -> str:
        py3 = shutil.which('python3')
        binary_path = os.path.realpath(sys.argv[0])
        return ('set -e\n' + f'{py3} {binary_path} agent --fsid {self.fsid} --daemon-id {self.daemon_id} &\n')

    def unit_file(self) -> str:
        return templating.render(
            self.ctx, templating.Templates.agent_service, agent=self
        )

    def shutdown(self) -> None:
        self.stop = True
        if self.mgr_listener.is_alive():
            self.mgr_listener.shutdown()
        if self.ls_gatherer.is_alive():
            self.ls_gatherer.shutdown()
        if self.volume_gatherer.is_alive():
            self.volume_gatherer.shutdown()

    def wakeup(self) -> None:
        self.event.set()

    def pull_conf_settings(self) -> None:
        try:
            with open(self.config_path, 'r') as f:
                config = json.load(f)
                self.target_ip = config['target_ip']
                self.target_port = config['target_port']
                self.loop_interval = int(config['refresh_period'])
                self.starting_port = int(config['listener_port'])
                self.host = config['host']
                use_lsm = config['device_enhanced_scan']
        except Exception as e:
            self.shutdown()
            raise Error(f'Failed to get agent target ip and port from config: {e}')

        try:
            with open(self.keyring_path, 'r') as f:
                self.keyring = f.read()
        except Exception as e:
            self.shutdown()
            raise Error(f'Failed to get agent keyring: {e}')

        assert self.target_ip and self.target_port

        self.device_enhanced_scan = False
        if use_lsm.lower() == 'true':
            self.device_enhanced_scan = True
        self.volume_gatherer.update_func(lambda: self._ceph_volume(enhanced=self.device_enhanced_scan))

    def run(self) -> None:
        self.pull_conf_settings()
        self.ssl_ctx.load_verify_locations(self.ca_path)

        try:
            for _ in range(1001):
                if not port_in_use(self.ctx, EndPoint('0.0.0.0', self.starting_port)):
                    self.listener_port = str(self.starting_port)
                    break
                self.starting_port += 1
            if not self.listener_port:
                raise Error(f'All 1000 ports starting at {str(self.starting_port - 1001)} taken.')
        except Exception as e:
            raise Error(f'Failed to pick port for agent to listen on: {e}')

        if not self.mgr_listener.is_alive():
            self.mgr_listener.start()

        if not self.ls_gatherer.is_alive():
            self.ls_gatherer.start()

        if not self.volume_gatherer.is_alive():
            self.volume_gatherer.start()

        while not self.stop:
            start_time = time.monotonic()
            ack = self.ack

            # part of the networks info is returned as a set which is not JSON
            # serializable. The set must be converted to a list
            networks = list_networks(self.ctx)
            networks_list: Dict[str, Dict[str, List[str]]] = {}
            for key in networks.keys():
                networks_list[key] = {}
                for k, v in networks[key].items():
                    networks_list[key][k] = list(v)

            data = json.dumps({'host': self.host,
                               'ls': (self.ls_gatherer.data if self.ack == self.ls_gatherer.ack
                                      and self.ls_gatherer.data is not None else []),
                               'networks': networks_list,
                               'facts': HostFacts(self.ctx).dump(),
                               'volume': (self.volume_gatherer.data if self.ack == self.volume_gatherer.ack
                                          and self.volume_gatherer.data is not None else ''),
                               'ack': str(ack),
                               'keyring': self.keyring,
                               'port': self.listener_port})
            data = data.encode('ascii')

            try:
                send_time = time.monotonic()
                status, response = http_query(addr=self.target_ip,
                                              port=self.target_port,
                                              data=data,
                                              endpoint='/data',
                                              ssl_ctx=self.ssl_ctx)
                if status != 200:
                    logger.error(f'HTTP error {status} while querying agent endpoint: {response}')
                    raise RuntimeError(f'non-200 response <{status}> from agent endpoint: {response}')
                response_json = json.loads(response)
                total_request_time = datetime.timedelta(seconds=(time.monotonic() - send_time)).total_seconds()
                logger.info(f'Received mgr response: "{response_json["result"]}" {total_request_time} seconds after sending request.')
            except Exception as e:
                logger.error(f'Failed to send metadata to mgr: {e}')

            end_time = time.monotonic()
            run_time = datetime.timedelta(seconds=(end_time - start_time))
            self.recent_iteration_run_times[self.recent_iteration_index] = run_time.total_seconds()
            self.recent_iteration_index = (self.recent_iteration_index + 1) % 3
            run_time_average = sum(self.recent_iteration_run_times, 0.0) / len([t for t in self.recent_iteration_run_times if t])

            self.event.wait(max(self.loop_interval - int(run_time_average), 0))
            self.event.clear()

    def _ceph_volume(self, enhanced: bool = False) -> Tuple[str, bool]:
        self.ctx.command = 'inventory --format=json'.split()
        if enhanced:
            self.ctx.command.append('--with-lsm')
        self.ctx.fsid = self.fsid

        stream = io.StringIO()
        with redirect_stdout(stream):
            command_ceph_volume(self.ctx)

        stdout = stream.getvalue()

        if stdout:
            return (stdout, False)
        else:
            raise Exception('ceph-volume returned empty value')

    def _daemon_ls_subset(self) -> Dict[str, Dict[str, Any]]:
        # gets a subset of ls info quickly. The results of this will tell us if our
        # cached info is still good or if we need to run the full ls again.
        # for legacy containers, we just grab the full info. For cephadmv1 containers,
        # we only grab enabled, state, mem_usage and container id. If container id has
        # not changed for any daemon, we assume our cached info is good.
        daemons: Dict[str, Dict[str, Any]] = {}
        data_dir = self.ctx.data_dir
        seen_memusage_cid_len, seen_memusage = parsed_container_mem_usage(self.ctx)
        # we need a mapping from container names to ids. Later we will convert daemon
        # names to container names to get daemons container id to see if it has changed
        out, err, code = call(
            self.ctx,
            [self.ctx.container_engine.path, 'ps', '--format', '{{.ID}},{{.Names}}', '--no-trunc'],
            verbosity=CallVerbosity.DEBUG
        )
        name_id_mapping: Dict[str, str] = self._parse_container_id_name(code, out)
        for i in os.listdir(data_dir):
            if i in ['mon', 'osd', 'mds', 'mgr', 'rgw']:
                daemon_type = i
                for j in os.listdir(os.path.join(data_dir, i)):
                    if '-' not in j:
                        continue
                    (cluster, daemon_id) = j.split('-', 1)
                    legacy_unit_name = 'ceph-%s@%s' % (daemon_type, daemon_id)
                    (enabled, state, _) = check_unit(self.ctx, legacy_unit_name)
                    daemons[f'{daemon_type}.{daemon_id}'] = {
                        'style': 'legacy',
                        'name': '%s.%s' % (daemon_type, daemon_id),
                        'fsid': self.ctx.fsid if self.ctx.fsid is not None else 'unknown',
                        'systemd_unit': legacy_unit_name,
                        'enabled': 'true' if enabled else 'false',
                        'state': state,
                    }
            elif is_fsid(i):
                fsid = str(i)  # convince mypy that fsid is a str here
                for j in os.listdir(os.path.join(data_dir, i)):
                    if '.' in j and os.path.isdir(os.path.join(data_dir, fsid, j)):
                        (daemon_type, daemon_id) = j.split('.', 1)
                        unit_name = get_unit_name(fsid, daemon_type, daemon_id)
                        (enabled, state, _) = check_unit(self.ctx, unit_name)
                        daemons[j] = {
                            'style': 'cephadm:v1',
                            'systemd_unit': unit_name,
                            'enabled': 'true' if enabled else 'false',
                            'state': state,
                        }
                        c = CephContainer.for_daemon(
                            self.ctx,
                            DaemonIdentity(self.ctx.fsid, daemon_type, daemon_id),
                            'bash',
                        )
                        container_id: Optional[str] = None
                        for name in (c.cname, c.old_cname):
                            if name in name_id_mapping:
                                container_id = name_id_mapping[name]
                                break
                        daemons[j]['container_id'] = container_id
                        if container_id:
                            daemons[j]['memory_usage'] = seen_memusage.get(container_id[0:seen_memusage_cid_len])
        return daemons

    def _parse_container_id_name(self, code: int, out: str) -> Dict[str, str]:
        # map container names to ids from ps output
        name_id_mapping = {}  # type: Dict[str, str]
        if not code:
            for line in out.splitlines():
                id, name = line.split(',')
                name_id_mapping[name] = id
        return name_id_mapping

    def _get_ls(self) -> Tuple[List[Dict[str, str]], bool]:
        if not self.cached_ls_values:
            logger.info('No cached ls output. Running full daemon ls')
            ls = list_daemons(self.ctx)
            for d in ls:
                self.cached_ls_values[d['name']] = d
            return (ls, True)
        else:
            ls_subset = self._daemon_ls_subset()
            need_full_ls = False
            state_change = False
            if set(self.cached_ls_values.keys()) != set(ls_subset.keys()):
                # case for a new daemon in ls or an old daemon no longer appearing.
                # If that happens we need a full ls
                logger.info('Change detected in state of daemons. Running full daemon ls')
                self.cached_ls_values = {}
                ls = list_daemons(self.ctx)
                for d in ls:
                    self.cached_ls_values[d['name']] = d
                return (ls, True)
            for daemon, info in self.cached_ls_values.items():
                if info['style'] == 'legacy':
                    # for legacy containers, ls_subset just grabs all the info
                    self.cached_ls_values[daemon] = ls_subset[daemon]
                else:
                    if info['container_id'] != ls_subset[daemon]['container_id']:
                        # case for container id having changed. We need full ls as
                        # info we didn't grab like version and start time could have changed
                        need_full_ls = True
                        break

                    # want to know if a daemons state change because in those cases we want
                    # to report back quicker
                    if (
                        self.cached_ls_values[daemon]['enabled'] != ls_subset[daemon]['enabled']
                        or self.cached_ls_values[daemon]['state'] != ls_subset[daemon]['state']
                    ):
                        state_change = True
                    # if we reach here, container id matched. Update the few values we do track
                    # from ls subset: state, enabled, memory_usage.
                    self.cached_ls_values[daemon]['enabled'] = ls_subset[daemon]['enabled']
                    self.cached_ls_values[daemon]['state'] = ls_subset[daemon]['state']
                    if 'memory_usage' in ls_subset[daemon]:
                        self.cached_ls_values[daemon]['memory_usage'] = ls_subset[daemon]['memory_usage']
            if need_full_ls:
                logger.info('Change detected in state of daemons. Running full daemon ls')
                ls = list_daemons(self.ctx)
                self.cached_ls_values = {}
                for d in ls:
                    self.cached_ls_values[d['name']] = d
                return (ls, True)
            else:
                ls = [info for daemon, info in self.cached_ls_values.items()]
                return (ls, state_change)


class AgentGatherer(Thread):
    def __init__(self, agent: 'CephadmAgent', func: Callable, gatherer_type: str = 'Unnamed', initial_ack: int = 0) -> None:
        self.agent = agent
        self.func = func
        self.gatherer_type = gatherer_type
        self.ack = initial_ack
        self.event = Event()
        self.data: Any = None
        self.stop = False
        self.recent_iteration_run_times: List[float] = [0.0, 0.0, 0.0]
        self.recent_iteration_index: int = 0
        super(AgentGatherer, self).__init__(target=self.run)

    def run(self) -> None:
        while not self.stop:
            try:
                start_time = time.monotonic()

                ack = self.agent.ack
                change = False
                try:
                    self.data, change = self.func()
                except Exception as e:
                    logger.error(f'{self.gatherer_type} Gatherer encountered exception gathering data: {e}')
                    self.data = None
                if ack != self.ack or change:
                    self.ack = ack
                    self.agent.wakeup()

                end_time = time.monotonic()
                run_time = datetime.timedelta(seconds=(end_time - start_time))
                self.recent_iteration_run_times[self.recent_iteration_index] = run_time.total_seconds()
                self.recent_iteration_index = (self.recent_iteration_index + 1) % 3
                run_time_average = sum(self.recent_iteration_run_times, 0.0) / len([t for t in self.recent_iteration_run_times if t])

                self.event.wait(max(self.agent.loop_interval - int(run_time_average), 0))
                self.event.clear()
            except Exception as e:
                logger.error(f'{self.gatherer_type} Gatherer encountered exception: {e}')

    def shutdown(self) -> None:
        self.stop = True

    def wakeup(self) -> None:
        self.event.set()

    def update_func(self, func: Callable) -> None:
        self.func = func


def command_agent(ctx: CephadmContext) -> None:
    agent = CephadmAgent(ctx, ctx.fsid, ctx.daemon_id)

    if not os.path.isdir(agent.daemon_dir):
        raise Error(f'Agent daemon directory {agent.daemon_dir} does not exist. Perhaps agent was never deployed?')

    agent.run()


##################################

@executes_early
def command_version(ctx):
    # type: (CephadmContext) -> int
    import importlib
    import zipimport
    import types

    vmod: Optional[types.ModuleType]
    zmod: Optional[types.ModuleType]
    try:
        vmod = importlib.import_module('_cephadmmeta.version')
        zmod = vmod
    except ImportError:
        vmod = zmod = None
    if vmod is None:
        # fallback to earlier location
        try:
            vmod = importlib.import_module('_version')
        except ImportError:
            pass
    if zmod is None:
        # fallback to outer package, for zip import module
        try:
            zmod = importlib.import_module('_cephadmmeta')
        except ImportError:
            zmod = None

    if not ctx.verbose:
        if vmod is None:
            print('cephadm version UNKNOWN')
            return 1
        _unset = '<UNSET>'
        print(
            'cephadm version {0} ({1}) {2} ({3})'.format(
                getattr(vmod, 'CEPH_GIT_NICE_VER', _unset),
                getattr(vmod, 'CEPH_GIT_VER', _unset),
                getattr(vmod, 'CEPH_RELEASE_NAME', _unset),
                getattr(vmod, 'CEPH_RELEASE_TYPE', _unset),
            )
        )
        return 0

    out: Dict[str, Any] = {'name': 'cephadm'}
    ceph_vars = [
        'CEPH_GIT_NICE_VER',
        'CEPH_GIT_VER',
        'CEPH_RELEASE_NAME',
        'CEPH_RELEASE_TYPE',
    ]
    for var in ceph_vars:
        value = getattr(vmod, var, None)
        if value is not None:
            out[var.lower()] = value

    loader = getattr(zmod, '__loader__', None)
    if loader and isinstance(loader, zipimport.zipimporter):
        try:
            deps_info = json.loads(loader.get_data('_cephadmmeta/deps.json'))
            out['bundled_packages'] = deps_info
        except OSError:
            pass
        files = getattr(loader, '_files', {})
        out['zip_root_entries'] = sorted(
            {p.split('/')[0] for p in files.keys()}
        )

    json.dump(out, sys.stdout, indent=2)
    print()
    return 0


##################################


@default_image
def command_pull(ctx):
    # type: (CephadmContext) -> int

    try:
        _pull_image(ctx, ctx.image, ctx.insecure)
    except UnauthorizedRegistryError:
        err_str = 'Failed to pull container image. Check that host(s) are logged into the registry'
        logger.debug(f'Pulling image for `command_pull` failed: {err_str}')
        raise Error(err_str)
    return command_inspect_image(ctx)


def _pull_image(ctx, image, insecure=False):
    # type: (CephadmContext, str, bool) -> None
    logger.info('Pulling container image %s...' % image)

    ignorelist = [
        'error creating read-write layer with ID',
        'net/http: TLS handshake timeout',
        'Digest did not match, expected',
    ]

    cmd = pull_command(ctx, image, insecure=insecure)

    for sleep_secs in [1, 4, 25]:
        out, err, ret = call(ctx, cmd, verbosity=CallVerbosity.QUIET_UNLESS_ERROR)
        if not ret:
            return

        if 'unauthorized' in err:
            raise UnauthorizedRegistryError()

        cmd_str = ' '.join(cmd)
        if not any(pattern in err for pattern in ignorelist):
            raise Error('Failed command: %s' % cmd_str)

        logger.info('`%s` failed transiently. Retrying. waiting %s seconds...' % (cmd_str, sleep_secs))
        time.sleep(sleep_secs)

    raise Error('Failed command: %s: maximum retries reached' % cmd_str)

##################################


@require_image
@infer_image
def command_inspect_image(ctx):
    # type: (CephadmContext) -> int
    out, err, ret = call_throws(ctx, [
        ctx.container_engine.path, 'inspect',
        '--format', '{{.ID}},{{.RepoDigests}}',
        ctx.image])
    if ret:
        return errno.ENOENT
    info_from = get_image_info_from_inspect(out.strip(), ctx.image)

    ver = CephContainer(ctx, ctx.image, 'ceph', ['--version']).run().strip()
    info_from['ceph_version'] = ver

    print(json.dumps(info_from, indent=4, sort_keys=True))
    return 0


def get_image_info_from_inspect(out, image):
    # type: (str, str) -> Dict[str, Union[str,List[str]]]
    image_id, digests = out.split(',', 1)
    if not out:
        raise Error('inspect {}: empty result'.format(image))
    r = {
        'image_id': normalize_container_id(image_id)
    }  # type: Dict[str, Union[str,List[str]]]
    if digests:
        r['repo_digests'] = list(map(normalize_image_digest, digests[1: -1].split(' ')))
    return r

##################################


def get_public_net_from_cfg(ctx: CephadmContext) -> Optional[str]:
    """Get mon public network from configuration file."""
    cp = read_config(ctx.config)
    public_network = ''
    if cp.has_option('mon', 'public_network'):
        public_network = cp.get('mon', 'public_network').strip('"').strip("'")
    elif cp.has_option('global', 'public_network'):
        public_network = cp.get('global', 'public_network').strip('"').strip("'")
    else:
        return None

    # Ensure all public CIDR networks are valid
    rc, _, err_msg = check_subnet(public_network)
    if rc:
        raise Error(f'Invalid public_network {public_network} parameter: {err_msg}')

    # Ensure all public CIDR networks are configured locally
    configured_subnets = set([x.strip() for x in public_network.split(',')])
    local_subnets = set([x[0] for x in list_networks(ctx).items()])
    valid_public_net = False
    for net in configured_subnets:
        if net in local_subnets:
            valid_public_net = True
        else:
            logger.warning(f'The public CIDR network {net} (from -c conf file) is not configured locally.')
    if not valid_public_net:
        raise Error(f'None of the public CIDR network(s) {configured_subnets} (from -c conf file) is configured locally.')

    # Ensure public_network is compatible with the provided mon-ip (or mon-addrv)
    if ctx.mon_ip:
        if not ip_in_subnets(ctx.mon_ip, public_network):
            raise Error(f'The provided --mon-ip {ctx.mon_ip} does not belong to any public_network(s) {public_network}')
    elif ctx.mon_addrv:
        addrv_args = parse_mon_addrv(ctx.mon_addrv)
        for addrv in addrv_args:
            if not ip_in_subnets(addrv.ip, public_network):
                raise Error(f'The provided --mon-addrv {addrv.ip} ip does not belong to any public_network(s) {public_network}')

    logger.debug(f'Using mon public network from configuration file {public_network}')
    return public_network


def infer_mon_network(ctx: CephadmContext, mon_eps: List[EndPoint]) -> Optional[str]:
    """Infer mon public network from local network."""
    # Make sure IP is configured locally, and then figure out the CIDR network
    mon_networks = []
    for net, ifaces in list_networks(ctx).items():
        # build local_ips list for the specified network
        local_ips: List[Union[ipaddress.IPv4Address, ipaddress.IPv6Address]] = []
        for _, ls in ifaces.items():
            local_ips.extend([ipaddress.ip_address(ip) for ip in ls])

        # check if any of mon ips belong to this net
        for mon_ep in mon_eps:
            try:
                if ipaddress.ip_address(unwrap_ipv6(mon_ep.ip)) in local_ips:
                    mon_networks.append(net)
                    logger.info(f'Mon IP `{mon_ep.ip}` is in CIDR network `{net}`')
            except ValueError as e:
                logger.warning(f'Cannot infer CIDR network for mon IP `{mon_ep.ip}` : {e}')

    if not mon_networks:
        raise Error('Cannot infer CIDR network. Pass --skip-mon-network to configure it later')
    else:
        logger.debug(f'Inferred mon public CIDR from local network configuration {mon_networks}')

    mon_networks = list(set(mon_networks))  # remove duplicates
    return ','.join(mon_networks)


def prepare_mon_addresses(ctx: CephadmContext) -> Tuple[str, bool, Optional[str]]:
    """Get mon public network configuration."""
    ipv6 = False
    addrv_args: List[EndPoint] = []
    mon_addrv: str = ''  # i.e: [v2:192.168.100.1:3300,v1:192.168.100.1:6789]

    if ctx.mon_ip:
        ipv6 = is_ipv6(ctx.mon_ip)
        if ipv6:
            ctx.mon_ip = wrap_ipv6(ctx.mon_ip)
        addrv_args = parse_mon_ip(ctx.mon_ip)
        mon_addrv = build_addrv_params(addrv_args)
    elif ctx.mon_addrv:
        ipv6 = ctx.mon_addrv.count('[') > 1
        addrv_args = parse_mon_addrv(ctx.mon_addrv)
        mon_addrv = ctx.mon_addrv
    else:
        raise Error('must specify --mon-ip or --mon-addrv')

    if addrv_args:
        for end_point in addrv_args:
            check_ip_port(ctx, end_point)

    logger.debug(f'Base mon IP(s) is {addrv_args}, mon addrv is {mon_addrv}')
    mon_network = None
    if not ctx.skip_mon_network:
        mon_network = get_public_net_from_cfg(ctx) or infer_mon_network(ctx, addrv_args)

    return (mon_addrv, ipv6, mon_network)


def prepare_cluster_network(ctx: CephadmContext) -> Tuple[str, bool]:
    # the cluster network may not exist on this node, so all we can do is
    # validate that the address given is valid ipv4 or ipv6 subnet
    ipv6_cluster_network = False
    cp = read_config(ctx.config)
    cluster_network = ctx.cluster_network
    if cluster_network is None and cp.has_option('global', 'cluster_network'):
        cluster_network = cp.get('global', 'cluster_network').strip('"').strip("'")

    if cluster_network:
        cluster_nets = set([x.strip() for x in cluster_network.split(',')])
        local_subnets = set([x[0] for x in list_networks(ctx).items()])
        for net in cluster_nets:
            if net not in local_subnets:
                logger.warning(f'The cluster CIDR network {net} is not configured locally.')

        rc, versions, err_msg = check_subnet(cluster_network)
        if rc:
            raise Error(f'Invalid --cluster-network parameter: {err_msg}')
        ipv6_cluster_network = True if 6 in versions else False
    else:
        logger.info('Internal network (--cluster-network) has not '
                    'been provided, OSD replication will default to '
                    'the public_network')

    return cluster_network, ipv6_cluster_network


def create_initial_keys(
    ctx: CephadmContext,
    uid: int, gid: int,
    mgr_id: str
) -> Tuple[str, str, str, Any, Any]:  # type: ignore

    _image = ctx.image

    # create some initial keys
    logger.info('Creating initial keys...')
    mon_key = CephContainer(
        ctx,
        image=_image,
        entrypoint='/usr/bin/ceph-authtool',
        args=['--gen-print-key'],
    ).run().strip()
    admin_key = CephContainer(
        ctx,
        image=_image,
        entrypoint='/usr/bin/ceph-authtool',
        args=['--gen-print-key'],
    ).run().strip()
    mgr_key = CephContainer(
        ctx,
        image=_image,
        entrypoint='/usr/bin/ceph-authtool',
        args=['--gen-print-key'],
    ).run().strip()

    keyring = ('[mon.]\n'
               '\tkey = %s\n'
               '\tcaps mon = allow *\n'
               '[client.admin]\n'
               '\tkey = %s\n'
               '\tcaps mon = allow *\n'
               '\tcaps mds = allow *\n'
               '\tcaps mgr = allow *\n'
               '\tcaps osd = allow *\n'
               '[mgr.%s]\n'
               '\tkey = %s\n'
               '\tcaps mon = profile mgr\n'
               '\tcaps mds = allow *\n'
               '\tcaps osd = allow *\n'
               % (mon_key, admin_key, mgr_id, mgr_key))

    admin_keyring = write_tmp('[client.admin]\n'
                              '\tkey = ' + admin_key + '\n',
                              uid, gid)

    # tmp keyring file
    bootstrap_keyring = write_tmp(keyring, uid, gid)
    return (mon_key, mgr_key, admin_key,
            bootstrap_keyring, admin_keyring)


def create_initial_monmap(
    ctx: CephadmContext,
    uid: int, gid: int,
    fsid: str,
    mon_id: str, mon_addr: str
) -> Any:
    logger.info('Creating initial monmap...')
    monmap = write_tmp('', 0, 0)
    out = CephContainer(
        ctx,
        image=ctx.image,
        entrypoint='/usr/bin/monmaptool',
        args=[
            '--create',
            '--clobber',
            '--fsid', fsid,
            '--addv', mon_id, mon_addr,
            '/tmp/monmap'
        ],
        volume_mounts={
            monmap.name: '/tmp/monmap:z',
        },
    ).run()
    logger.debug(f'monmaptool for {mon_id} {mon_addr} on {out}')

    # pass monmap file to ceph user for use by ceph-mon --mkfs below
    os.fchown(monmap.fileno(), uid, gid)
    return monmap


def prepare_create_mon(
    ctx: CephadmContext,
    uid: int, gid: int,
    fsid: str, mon_id: str,
    bootstrap_keyring_path: str,
    monmap_path: str
) -> Tuple[str, str]:
    logger.info('Creating mon...')
    ident = DaemonIdentity(fsid, 'mon', mon_id)
    create_daemon_dirs(ctx, ident, uid, gid)
    mon_dir = ident.data_dir(ctx.data_dir)
    log_dir = get_log_dir(fsid, ctx.log_dir)
    out = CephContainer(
        ctx,
        image=ctx.image,
        entrypoint='/usr/bin/ceph-mon',
        args=[
            '--mkfs',
            '-i', mon_id,
            '--fsid', fsid,
            '-c', '/dev/null',
            '--monmap', '/tmp/monmap',
            '--keyring', '/tmp/keyring',
        ] + Ceph.create(ctx, ident).get_daemon_args(),
        volume_mounts={
            log_dir: '/var/log/ceph:z',
            mon_dir: '/var/lib/ceph/mon/ceph-%s:z' % (mon_id),
            bootstrap_keyring_path: '/tmp/keyring:z',
            monmap_path: '/tmp/monmap:z',
        },
    ).run()
    logger.debug(f'create mon.{mon_id} on {out}')
    return (mon_dir, log_dir)


def create_mon(
    ctx: CephadmContext,
    uid: int, gid: int,
    fsid: str, mon_id: str
) -> None:
    ident = DaemonIdentity(fsid, 'mon', mon_id)
    mon_c = get_container(ctx, ident)
    ctx.meta_properties = {'service_name': 'mon'}
    deploy_daemon(ctx, ident, mon_c, uid, gid)


def wait_for_mon(
    ctx: CephadmContext,
    mon_id: str, mon_dir: str,
    admin_keyring_path: str, config_path: str
) -> None:
    logger.info('Waiting for mon to start...')
    c = CephContainer(
        ctx,
        image=ctx.image,
        entrypoint='/usr/bin/ceph',
        args=[
            'status'],
        volume_mounts={
            mon_dir: '/var/lib/ceph/mon/ceph-%s:z' % (mon_id),
            admin_keyring_path: '/etc/ceph/ceph.client.admin.keyring:z',
            config_path: '/etc/ceph/ceph.conf:z',
        },
    )

    # wait for the service to become available
    def is_mon_available():
        # type: () -> bool
        timeout = ctx.timeout if ctx.timeout else 60  # seconds
        out, err, ret = call(ctx, c.run_cmd(),
                             desc=c.entrypoint,
                             timeout=timeout,
                             verbosity=CallVerbosity.QUIET_UNLESS_ERROR)
        return ret == 0

    is_available(ctx, 'mon', is_mon_available)


def create_mgr(
    ctx: CephadmContext,
    uid: int, gid: int,
    fsid: str, mgr_id: str, mgr_key: str,
    config: str, clifunc: Callable
) -> None:
    logger.info('Creating mgr...')
    mgr_keyring = '[mgr.%s]\n\tkey = %s\n' % (mgr_id, mgr_key)
    ident = DaemonIdentity(fsid, 'mgr', mgr_id)
    mgr_c = get_container(ctx, ident)
    # Note:the default port used by the Prometheus node exporter is opened in fw
    ctx.meta_properties = {'service_name': 'mgr'}
    endpoints = [EndPoint('0.0.0.0', 9283), EndPoint('0.0.0.0', 8765)]
    if not ctx.skip_monitoring_stack:
        endpoints.append(EndPoint('0.0.0.0', 8443))
    deploy_daemon(
        ctx,
        ident,
        mgr_c,
        uid,
        gid,
        config=config,
        keyring=mgr_keyring,
        endpoints=endpoints,
    )

    # wait for the service to become available
    logger.info('Waiting for mgr to start...')

    def is_mgr_available():
        # type: () -> bool
        timeout = ctx.timeout if ctx.timeout else 60  # seconds
        try:
            out = clifunc(['status', '-f', 'json-pretty'],
                          timeout=timeout,
                          verbosity=CallVerbosity.QUIET_UNLESS_ERROR)
            j = json.loads(out)
            return j.get('mgrmap', {}).get('available', False)
        except Exception as e:
            logger.debug('status failed: %s' % e)
            return False

    is_available(ctx, 'mgr', is_mgr_available)


def prepare_ssh(
    ctx: CephadmContext,
    cli: Callable, wait_for_mgr_restart: Callable
) -> None:

    cli(['cephadm', 'set-user', ctx.ssh_user])

    if ctx.ssh_config:
        logger.info('Using provided ssh config...')
        mounts = {
            pathify(ctx.ssh_config.name): '/tmp/cephadm-ssh-config:z',
        }
        cli(['cephadm', 'set-ssh-config', '-i', '/tmp/cephadm-ssh-config'], extra_mounts=mounts)

    if ctx.ssh_private_key and ctx.ssh_public_key:
        logger.info('Using provided ssh keys...')
        mounts = {
            pathify(ctx.ssh_private_key.name): '/tmp/cephadm-ssh-key:z',
            pathify(ctx.ssh_public_key.name): '/tmp/cephadm-ssh-key.pub:z'
        }
        cli(['cephadm', 'set-priv-key', '-i', '/tmp/cephadm-ssh-key'], extra_mounts=mounts)
        cli(['cephadm', 'set-pub-key', '-i', '/tmp/cephadm-ssh-key.pub'], extra_mounts=mounts)
        ssh_pub = cli(['cephadm', 'get-pub-key'])
        authorize_ssh_key(ssh_pub, ctx.ssh_user)
    elif ctx.ssh_private_key and ctx.ssh_signed_cert:
        logger.info('Using provided ssh private key and signed cert ...')
        mounts = {
            pathify(ctx.ssh_private_key.name): '/tmp/cephadm-ssh-key:z',
            pathify(ctx.ssh_signed_cert.name): '/tmp/cephadm-ssh-key-cert.pub:z'
        }
        cli(['cephadm', 'set-priv-key', '-i', '/tmp/cephadm-ssh-key'], extra_mounts=mounts)
        cli(['cephadm', 'set-signed-cert', '-i', '/tmp/cephadm-ssh-key-cert.pub'], extra_mounts=mounts)
    else:
        logger.info('Generating ssh key...')
        cli(['cephadm', 'generate-key'])
        ssh_pub = cli(['cephadm', 'get-pub-key'])
        with open(ctx.output_pub_ssh_key, 'w') as f:
            f.write(ssh_pub)
        logger.info('Wrote public SSH key to %s' % ctx.output_pub_ssh_key)
        authorize_ssh_key(ssh_pub, ctx.ssh_user)

    host = get_hostname()
    logger.info('Adding host %s...' % host)
    try:
        args = ['orch', 'host', 'add', host]
        if ctx.mon_ip:
            args.append(unwrap_ipv6(ctx.mon_ip))
        elif ctx.mon_addrv:
            addrv_args = parse_mon_addrv(ctx.mon_addrv)
            args.append(unwrap_ipv6(addrv_args[0].ip))
        cli(args)
    except RuntimeError as e:
        raise Error('Failed to add host <%s>: %s' % (host, e))

    for t in ['mon', 'mgr']:
        if not ctx.orphan_initial_daemons:
            logger.info('Deploying %s service with default placement...' % t)
            cli(['orch', 'apply', t])
        else:
            logger.info('Deploying unmanaged %s service...' % t)
            cli(['orch', 'apply', t, '--unmanaged'])

    if not ctx.orphan_initial_daemons:
        logger.info('Deploying crash service with default placement...')
        cli(['orch', 'apply', 'crash'])

    if not ctx.skip_monitoring_stack:
        for t in ['ceph-exporter', 'prometheus', 'grafana', 'node-exporter', 'alertmanager']:
            logger.info('Deploying %s service with default placement...' % t)
            try:
                cli(['orch', 'apply', t])
            except RuntimeError:
                ctx.error_code = -errno.EINVAL
                logger.error(f'Failed to apply service type {t}. '
                             'Perhaps the ceph version being bootstrapped does not support it')

    if ctx.with_centralized_logging:
        for t in ['loki', 'promtail']:
            logger.info('Deploying %s service with default placement...' % t)
            try:
                cli(['orch', 'apply', t])
            except RuntimeError:
                ctx.error_code = -errno.EINVAL
                logger.error(f'Failed to apply service type {t}. '
                             'Perhaps the ceph version being bootstrapped does not support it')


def enable_cephadm_mgr_module(
    cli: Callable, wait_for_mgr_restart: Callable
) -> None:

    logger.info('Enabling cephadm module...')
    cli(['mgr', 'module', 'enable', 'cephadm'])
    wait_for_mgr_restart()
    # https://tracker.ceph.com/issues/67969
    # luckily `ceph mgr module enable <module>` returns
    # a zero rc when the module is already enabled so
    # this is no issue even if it is unnecessary
    logger.info('Verifying orchestrator module is enabled...')
    cli(['mgr', 'module', 'enable', 'orchestrator'])
    logger.info('Setting orchestrator backend to cephadm...')
    cli(['orch', 'set', 'backend', 'cephadm'])


def prepare_dashboard(
    ctx: CephadmContext,
    uid: int, gid: int,
    cli: Callable, wait_for_mgr_restart: Callable
) -> None:

    # Configure SSL port (cephadm only allows to configure dashboard SSL port)
    # if the user does not want to use SSL he can change this setting once the cluster is up
    cli(['config', 'set', 'mgr', 'mgr/dashboard/ssl_server_port', str(ctx.ssl_dashboard_port)])

    # configuring dashboard parameters
    logger.info('Enabling the dashboard module...')
    cli(['mgr', 'module', 'enable', 'dashboard'])
    wait_for_mgr_restart()

    # dashboard crt and key
    if ctx.dashboard_key and ctx.dashboard_crt:
        logger.info('Using provided dashboard certificate...')
        mounts = {
            pathify(ctx.dashboard_crt.name): '/tmp/dashboard.crt:z',
            pathify(ctx.dashboard_key.name): '/tmp/dashboard.key:z'
        }
    else:
        logger.info('Using certmgr to generate dashboard self-signed certificate...')
        cert_key = json_loads_retry(lambda: cli(['orch', 'certmgr', 'generate-certificates', 'dashboard'],
                                                verbosity=CallVerbosity.QUIET_UNLESS_ERROR))
        mounts = {}
        if cert_key:
            cert_file = write_tmp(cert_key['cert'], uid, gid)
            key_file = write_tmp(cert_key['key'], uid, gid)
            mounts = {
                cert_file.name: '/tmp/dashboard.crt:z',
                key_file.name: '/tmp/dashboard.key:z'
            }
        else:
            logger.error('Cannot generate certificates for Ceph dashboard.')

    cli(['dashboard', 'set-ssl-certificate', '-i', '/tmp/dashboard.crt'], extra_mounts=mounts)
    cli(['dashboard', 'set-ssl-certificate-key', '-i', '/tmp/dashboard.key'], extra_mounts=mounts)

    logger.info('Creating initial admin user...')
    password = ctx.initial_dashboard_password or generate_password()
    tmp_password_file = write_tmp(password, uid, gid)
    cmd = ['dashboard', 'ac-user-create', ctx.initial_dashboard_user, '-i', '/tmp/dashboard.pw', 'administrator', '--force-password']
    if not ctx.dashboard_password_noupdate:
        cmd.append('--pwd-update-required')
    cli(cmd, extra_mounts={pathify(tmp_password_file.name): '/tmp/dashboard.pw:z'})
    logger.info('Fetching dashboard port number...')
    out = cli(['config', 'get', 'mgr', 'mgr/dashboard/ssl_server_port'])
    port = int(out)

    # Open dashboard port
    if not ('skip_firewalld' in ctx and ctx.skip_firewalld):
        fw = Firewalld(ctx)
        fw.open_ports([port])
        fw.apply_rules()

    logger.info('Ceph Dashboard is now available at:\n\n'
                '\t     URL: https://%s:%s/\n'
                '\t    User: %s\n'
                '\tPassword: %s\n' % (
                    get_fqdn(), port,
                    ctx.initial_dashboard_user,
                    password))


def prepare_bootstrap_config(
    ctx: CephadmContext,
    fsid: str, mon_addr: str, image: str

) -> str:

    cp = read_config(ctx.config)
    if not cp.has_section('global'):
        cp.add_section('global')
    cp.set('global', 'fsid', fsid)
    cp.set('global', 'mon_host', mon_addr)
    cp.set('global', 'container_image', image)

    if not cp.has_section('mon'):
        cp.add_section('mon')
    if (
            not cp.has_option('mon', 'auth_allow_insecure_global_id_reclaim')
            and not cp.has_option('mon', 'auth allow insecure global id reclaim')
    ):
        cp.set('mon', 'auth_allow_insecure_global_id_reclaim', 'false')

    if not cp.has_section('osd'):
        cp.add_section('osd')
    if (
            not cp.has_option('osd', 'osd_memory_target_autotune')
            and not cp.has_option('osd', 'osd memory target autotune')
    ):
        cp.set('osd', 'osd_memory_target_autotune', 'true')

    if ctx.single_host_defaults:
        logger.info('Adjusting default settings to suit single-host cluster...')
        # replicate across osds, not hosts
        if (
                not cp.has_option('global', 'osd_crush_chooseleaf_type')
                and not cp.has_option('global', 'osd crush chooseleaf type')
        ):
            cp.set('global', 'osd_crush_chooseleaf_type', '0')
        # replica 2x
        if (
                not cp.has_option('global', 'osd_pool_default_size')
                and not cp.has_option('global', 'osd pool default size')
        ):
            cp.set('global', 'osd_pool_default_size', '2')
        # disable mgr standby modules (so we can colocate multiple mgrs on one host)
        if not cp.has_section('mgr'):
            cp.add_section('mgr')
        if (
                not cp.has_option('mgr', 'mgr_standby_modules')
                and not cp.has_option('mgr', 'mgr standby modules')
        ):
            cp.set('mgr', 'mgr_standby_modules', 'false')
    if ctx.log_to_file:
        cp.set('global', 'log_to_file', 'true')
        cp.set('global', 'log_to_stderr', 'false')
        cp.set('global', 'log_to_journald', 'false')
        cp.set('global', 'mon_cluster_log_to_file', 'true')
        cp.set('global', 'mon_cluster_log_to_stderr', 'false')
        cp.set('global', 'mon_cluster_log_to_journald', 'false')

    cpf = StringIO()
    cp.write(cpf)
    config = cpf.getvalue()

    if ctx.registry_json or ctx.registry_url:
        command_registry_login(ctx)

    return config


def finish_bootstrap_config(
    ctx: CephadmContext,
    fsid: str,
    config: str,
    mon_id: str, mon_dir: str,
    mon_network: Optional[str], ipv6: bool,
    cli: Callable,
    cluster_network: Optional[str], ipv6_cluster_network: bool

) -> None:
    if not ctx.no_minimize_config:
        logger.info('Assimilating anything we can from ceph.conf...')
        cli([
            'config', 'assimilate-conf',
            '-i', '/var/lib/ceph/mon/ceph-%s/config' % mon_id
        ], {
            mon_dir: '/var/lib/ceph/mon/ceph-%s:z' % mon_id
        })
        logger.info('Generating new minimal ceph.conf...')
        cli([
            'config', 'generate-minimal-conf',
            '-o', '/var/lib/ceph/mon/ceph-%s/config' % mon_id
        ], {
            mon_dir: '/var/lib/ceph/mon/ceph-%s:z' % mon_id
        })
        # re-read our minimized config
        with open(mon_dir + '/config', 'r') as f:
            config = f.read()
        logger.info('Restarting the monitor...')
        call_throws(ctx, [
            'systemctl',
            'restart',
            get_unit_name(fsid, 'mon', mon_id)
        ])
    elif 'image' in ctx and ctx.image:
        # we still want to assimilate the given container image if provided
        cli(['config', 'set', 'global', 'container_image', f'{ctx.image}'])

    if mon_network:
        cp = read_config(ctx.config)
        cfg_section = 'mon' if cp.has_option('mon', 'public_network') else 'global'
        logger.info(f'Setting public_network to {mon_network} in {cfg_section} config section')
        cli(['config', 'set', cfg_section, 'public_network', mon_network])

    if cluster_network:
        logger.info(f'Setting cluster_network to {cluster_network}')
        cli(['config', 'set', 'global', 'cluster_network', cluster_network])

    if ipv6 or ipv6_cluster_network:
        logger.info('Enabling IPv6 (ms_bind_ipv6) binding')
        cli(['config', 'set', 'global', 'ms_bind_ipv6', 'true'])
        # note: Ceph does not fully support dual stack.
        # kernel clients: https://tracker.ceph.com/issues/49581
        # if we do not disable ipv4 binding, daemons will bind
        # to 0.0.0.0 and clients will misbehave.
        logger.info('Disabling IPv4 (ms_bind_ipv4) binding')
        cli(['config', 'set', 'global', 'ms_bind_ipv4', 'false'])

    with open(ctx.output_config, 'w') as f:
        f.write(config)
    logger.info('Wrote config to %s' % ctx.output_config)
    pass


def _distribute_ssh_keys(ctx: CephadmContext, host_info: Dict[str, str], bootstrap_hostname: str) -> int:
    # copy ssh key to hosts in host spec (used for apply spec)
    ssh_key = CEPH_DEFAULT_PUBKEY
    if ctx.ssh_public_key:
        ssh_key = ctx.ssh_public_key.name

    if bootstrap_hostname != host_info['hostname']:
        if 'addr' in host_info:
            addr = host_info['addr']
        else:
            addr = host_info['hostname']
        out, err, code = call(ctx, ['sudo', '-u', ctx.ssh_user, 'ssh-copy-id', '-f', '-i', ssh_key, '-o StrictHostKeyChecking=no', '%s@%s' % (ctx.ssh_user, addr)])
        if code:
            logger.error('\nCopying ssh key to host %s at address %s failed!\n' % (host_info['hostname'], addr))
            return 1
        else:
            logger.info('Added ssh key to host %s at address %s' % (host_info['hostname'], addr))
    return 0


def save_cluster_config(ctx: CephadmContext, uid: int, gid: int, fsid: str) -> None:
    """Save cluster configuration to the per fsid directory """
    def copy_file(src: str, dst: str) -> None:
        if src:
            shutil.copyfile(src, dst)

    conf_dir = f'{ctx.data_dir}/{fsid}/{CEPH_CONF_DIR}'
    makedirs(conf_dir, uid, gid, DATA_DIR_MODE)
    if os.path.exists(conf_dir):
        logger.info(f'Saving cluster configuration to {conf_dir} directory')
        copy_file(ctx.output_config, os.path.join(conf_dir, CEPH_CONF))
        copy_file(ctx.output_keyring, os.path.join(conf_dir, CEPH_KEYRING))
        # ctx.output_pub_ssh_key may not exist if user has provided custom ssh keys
        if (os.path.exists(ctx.output_pub_ssh_key)):
            copy_file(ctx.output_pub_ssh_key, os.path.join(conf_dir, CEPH_PUBKEY))
    else:
        logger.warning(f'Cannot create cluster configuration directory {conf_dir}')


def rollback(func: FuncT) -> FuncT:
    """
    """
    @wraps(func)
    def _rollback(ctx: CephadmContext) -> Any:
        try:
            return func(ctx)
        except ClusterAlreadyExists:
            # another cluster with the provided fsid already exists: don't remove.
            raise
        except (KeyboardInterrupt, Exception) as e:
            # If ctx.fsid is None it would print meaningless message suggesting
            # running "cephadm rm-cluster --force --fsid None"
            if ctx.no_cleanup_on_failure and ctx.fsid is not None:
                logger.info('\n\n'
                            '\t***************\n'
                            '\tCephadm hit an issue during cluster installation. Current cluster files will NOT BE DELETED automatically. To change\n'
                            '\tthis behaviour do not pass the --no-cleanup-on-failure flag. To remove this broken cluster manually please run:\n\n'
                            f'\t   > cephadm rm-cluster --force --fsid {ctx.fsid}\n\n'
                            '\tin case of any previous broken installation, users must use the rm-cluster command to delete the broken cluster:\n\n'
                            '\t   > cephadm rm-cluster --force --zap-osds --fsid <fsid>\n\n'
                            '\tfor more information please refer to https://docs.ceph.com/en/latest/cephadm/operations/#purging-a-cluster\n'
                            '\t***************\n\n')
            if not ctx.no_cleanup_on_failure:
                # The logger.error() used to be called before these conditions, which resulted in the error being printed twice.
                # Moving it inside this condition to print the error if _rm_cluster() is called and also fails.
                logger.error(f'{type(e).__name__}: {e}')
                logger.info('\n\n'
                            '\t***************\n'
                            '\tCephadm hit an issue during cluster installation. Current cluster files will be deleted automatically.\n'
                            '\tTo disable this behaviour you can pass the --no-cleanup-on-failure flag. In case of any previous\n'
                            '\tbroken installation, users must use the following command to completely delete the broken cluster:\n\n'
                            '\t> cephadm rm-cluster --force --zap-osds --fsid <fsid>\n\n'
                            '\tfor more information please refer to https://docs.ceph.com/en/latest/cephadm/operations/#purging-a-cluster\n'
                            '\t***************\n\n')
                _rm_cluster(ctx, keep_logs=False, zap_osds=False)
            raise
    return cast(FuncT, _rollback)


@rollback
@default_image
def command_bootstrap(ctx):
    # type: (CephadmContext) -> int

    ctx.error_code = 0

    if not ctx.output_config:
        ctx.output_config = os.path.join(ctx.output_dir, CEPH_CONF)
    if not ctx.output_keyring:
        ctx.output_keyring = os.path.join(ctx.output_dir, CEPH_KEYRING)
    if not ctx.output_pub_ssh_key:
        ctx.output_pub_ssh_key = os.path.join(ctx.output_dir, CEPH_PUBKEY)

    if ctx.apply_spec and not os.path.exists(ctx.apply_spec):
        # Given that nothing has been deployed at this point, setting `ctx.no_cleanup_on_failure = True`
        # as there's no need to call _rm_cluster() which would generate the message:
        # "ERROR: must select the cluster to delete by passing --fsid to proceed"
        ctx.no_cleanup_on_failure = True
        raise Error(f"--apply-spec has been specified but {ctx.apply_spec} doesn't exist.")

    if (
        (bool(ctx.ssh_private_key) is not bool(ctx.ssh_public_key))
        and (bool(ctx.ssh_private_key) is not bool(ctx.ssh_signed_cert))
    ):
        raise Error('--ssh-private-key must be passed with either --ssh-public-key in the case of standard pubkey '
                    'authentication or with --ssh-signed-cert in the case of CA signed signed keys or not provided at all.')

    if (bool(ctx.ssh_public_key) and bool(ctx.ssh_signed_cert)):
        raise Error('--ssh-public-key and --ssh-signed-cert are mututally exclusive. --ssh-public-key is intended '
                    'for standard pubkey encryption where the public key is set as an authorized key on cluster hosts. '
                    '--ssh-signed-cert is intended for the CA signed keys use case where cluster hosts are configured to trust '
                    'a CA pub key and authentication during SSH is done by authenticating the signed cert, requiring no '
                    'public key to be installed on the cluster hosts.')

    if ctx.fsid:
        data_dir_base = os.path.join(ctx.data_dir, ctx.fsid)
        if os.path.exists(data_dir_base):
            raise ClusterAlreadyExists(f"A cluster with the same fsid '{ctx.fsid}' already exists.")
        else:
            logger.warning('Specifying an fsid for your cluster offers no advantages and may increase the likelihood of fsid conflicts.')

    # initial vars
    ctx.fsid = ctx.fsid or make_fsid()
    fsid = ctx.fsid
    if not is_fsid(fsid):
        raise Error('not an fsid: %s' % fsid)

    # verify output files
    for f in [ctx.output_config, ctx.output_keyring, ctx.output_pub_ssh_key]:
        if not ctx.allow_overwrite:
            if os.path.exists(f):
                raise ClusterAlreadyExists('%s already exists; delete or pass --allow-overwrite to overwrite' % f)
        dirname = os.path.dirname(f)
        if dirname and not os.path.exists(dirname):
            fname = os.path.basename(f)
            logger.info(f'Creating directory {dirname} for {fname}')
            try:
                # use makedirs to create intermediate missing dirs
                os.makedirs(dirname, 0o755)
            except PermissionError:
                raise Error(f'Unable to create {dirname} due to permissions failure. Retry with root, or sudo or preallocate the directory.')

    if getattr(ctx, 'custom_prometheus_alerts', None):
        ctx.custom_prometheus_alerts = os.path.abspath(ctx.custom_prometheus_alerts)
        if not os.path.isfile(ctx.custom_prometheus_alerts):
            raise Error(f'No custom prometheus alerts file found at {ctx.custom_prometheus_alerts}')

    _, _ = get_config_and_keyring(ctx)

    if ctx.ssh_user != 'root':
        check_ssh_connectivity(ctx)

    if not ctx.skip_prepare_host:
        command_prepare_host(ctx)
    else:
        logger.info('Skip prepare_host')

    logger.info('Cluster fsid: %s' % fsid)
    hostname = get_hostname()
    if '.' in hostname and not ctx.allow_fqdn_hostname:
        raise Error('hostname is a fully qualified domain name (%s); either fix (e.g., "sudo hostname %s" or similar) or pass --allow-fqdn-hostname' % (hostname, hostname.split('.')[0]))
    mon_id = ctx.mon_id or get_short_hostname()
    mgr_id = ctx.mgr_id or generate_service_id()

    lock = FileLock(ctx, fsid)
    lock.acquire()

    (addr_arg, ipv6, mon_network) = prepare_mon_addresses(ctx)
    cluster_network, ipv6_cluster_network = prepare_cluster_network(ctx)

    config = prepare_bootstrap_config(ctx, fsid, addr_arg, ctx.image)

    if not ctx.skip_pull:
        try:
            _pull_image(ctx, ctx.image)
        except UnauthorizedRegistryError:
            err_str = 'Failed to pull container image. Check that correct registry credentials are provided in bootstrap by --registry-url, --registry-username, --registry-password, or supply --registry-json with credentials'
            logger.debug(f'Pulling image for bootstrap on {hostname} failed: {err_str}')
            raise Error(err_str)

    image_ver = CephContainer(ctx, ctx.image, 'ceph', ['--version']).run().strip()
    logger.info(f'Ceph version: {image_ver}')

    if not ctx.allow_mismatched_release:
        image_release = image_ver.split()[4]
        if image_release not in \
                [DEFAULT_IMAGE_RELEASE, LATEST_STABLE_RELEASE]:
            raise Error(
                f'Container release {image_release} != cephadm release {DEFAULT_IMAGE_RELEASE};'
                ' please use matching version of cephadm (pass --allow-mismatched-release to continue anyway)'
            )

    logger.info('Extracting ceph user uid/gid from container image...')
    (uid, gid) = extract_uid_gid(ctx)

    # create some initial keys
    (mon_key, mgr_key, admin_key, bootstrap_keyring, admin_keyring) = create_initial_keys(ctx, uid, gid, mgr_id)

    monmap = create_initial_monmap(ctx, uid, gid, fsid, mon_id, addr_arg)
    (mon_dir, log_dir) = prepare_create_mon(ctx, uid, gid, fsid, mon_id,
                                            bootstrap_keyring.name, monmap.name)

    with write_new(mon_dir + '/config', owner=(uid, gid)) as f:
        f.write(config)

    make_var_run(ctx, fsid, uid, gid)
    create_mon(ctx, uid, gid, fsid, mon_id)

    # config to issue various CLI commands
    tmp_config = write_tmp(config, uid, gid)

    # a CLI helper to reduce our typing
    def cli(cmd, extra_mounts={}, timeout=DEFAULT_TIMEOUT, verbosity=CallVerbosity.VERBOSE_ON_FAILURE):
        # type: (List[str], Dict[str, str], Optional[int], CallVerbosity) -> str
        mounts = {
            log_dir: '/var/log/ceph:z',
            admin_keyring.name: '/etc/ceph/ceph.client.admin.keyring:z',
            tmp_config.name: '/etc/ceph/ceph.conf:z',
        }
        if getattr(ctx, 'custom_prometheus_alerts', None):
            mounts[ctx.custom_prometheus_alerts] = '/etc/ceph/custom_alerts.yml:z'
        for k, v in extra_mounts.items():
            mounts[k] = v
        timeout = timeout or ctx.timeout
        return CephContainer(
            ctx,
            image=ctx.image,
            entrypoint='/usr/bin/ceph',
            args=cmd,
            volume_mounts=mounts,
        ).run(timeout=timeout, verbosity=verbosity)

    wait_for_mon(ctx, mon_id, mon_dir, admin_keyring.name, tmp_config.name)

    finish_bootstrap_config(ctx, fsid, config, mon_id, mon_dir,
                            mon_network, ipv6, cli,
                            cluster_network, ipv6_cluster_network)

    # output files
    with write_new(ctx.output_keyring) as f:
        f.write('[client.admin]\n'
                '\tkey = ' + admin_key + '\n')
    logger.info('Wrote keyring to %s' % ctx.output_keyring)

    # create mgr
    create_mgr(ctx, uid, gid, fsid, mgr_id, mgr_key, config, cli)

    # user given config settings were already assimilated earlier
    # but if the given settings contained any attributes in
    # the mgr (e.g. mgr/cephadm/container_image_prometheus)
    # they don't seem to be stored if there isn't a mgr yet.
    # Since re-assimilating the same conf settings should be
    # idempotent we can just do it again here.
    with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(buffering=0) as tmp:
        tmp.write(config.encode('utf-8'))
        cli(['config', 'assimilate-conf',
             '-i', '/var/lib/ceph/user.conf'],
            {tmp.name: '/var/lib/ceph/user.conf:z'})

    if getattr(ctx, 'log_dest', None):
        ldkey = 'mgr/cephadm/cephadm_log_destination'
        cp = read_config(ctx.config)
        if cp.has_option('mgr', ldkey):
            logger.info('The cephadm log destination is set by the config file, ignoring cli option')
        else:
            value = ','.join(sorted(getattr(ctx, 'log_dest')))
            logger.info('Setting cephadm log destination to match logging for cephadm boostrap: %s', value)
            cli(['config', 'set', 'mgr', ldkey, value, '--force'])

    # wait for mgr to restart (after enabling a module)
    def wait_for_mgr_restart() -> None:
        # first get latest mgrmap epoch from the mon.  try newer 'mgr
        # stat' command first, then fall back to 'mgr dump' if
        # necessary
        try:
            j = json_loads_retry(lambda: cli(['mgr', 'stat'], verbosity=CallVerbosity.QUIET_UNLESS_ERROR))
        except Exception:
            j = json_loads_retry(lambda: cli(['mgr', 'dump'], verbosity=CallVerbosity.QUIET_UNLESS_ERROR))
        epoch = j['epoch']

        # wait for mgr to have it
        logger.info('Waiting for the mgr to restart...')

        def mgr_has_latest_epoch():
            # type: () -> bool
            try:
                out = cli(['tell', 'mgr', 'mgr_status'])
                j = json.loads(out)
                return j['mgrmap_epoch'] >= epoch
            except Exception as e:
                logger.debug('tell mgr mgr_status failed: %s' % e)
                return False
        is_available(ctx, 'mgr epoch %d' % epoch, mgr_has_latest_epoch)

    enable_cephadm_mgr_module(cli, wait_for_mgr_restart)

    # ssh
    if not ctx.skip_ssh:
        prepare_ssh(ctx, cli, wait_for_mgr_restart)

    if ctx.registry_url and ctx.registry_username and ctx.registry_password:
        registry_credentials = {'url': ctx.registry_url, 'username': ctx.registry_username, 'password': ctx.registry_password}
        cli(['config-key', 'set', 'mgr/cephadm/registry_credentials', json.dumps(registry_credentials)])

    cli(['config', 'set', 'mgr', 'mgr/cephadm/container_init', str(ctx.container_init), '--force'])

    if ctx.no_cgroups_split:
        logger.info('Setting mgr/cephadm/cgroups_split to false')
        cli(['config', 'set', 'mgr', 'mgr/cephadm/cgroups_split', 'false', '--force'])

    if not ctx.skip_dashboard:
        prepare_dashboard(ctx, uid, gid, cli, wait_for_mgr_restart)

    if ctx.output_config == CEPH_DEFAULT_CONF and not ctx.skip_admin_label and not ctx.no_minimize_config:
        logger.info('Enabling client.admin keyring and conf on hosts with "admin" label')
        try:
            cli(['orch', 'client-keyring', 'set', 'client.admin', 'label:_admin'])
            cli(['orch', 'host', 'label', 'add', get_hostname(), '_admin'])
        except Exception:
            logger.info('Unable to set up "admin" label; assuming older version of Ceph')

    if ctx.apply_spec:
        logger.info('Applying %s to cluster' % ctx.apply_spec)
        # copy ssh key to hosts in spec file
        with open(ctx.apply_spec) as f:
            host_dicts = _extract_host_info_from_applied_spec(f)
            for h in host_dicts:
                if ctx.ssh_signed_cert:
                    logger.info('Key distribution is not supported for signed CA key setups. Skipping ...')
                else:
                    _distribute_ssh_keys(ctx, h, hostname)

        mounts = {}
        mounts[pathify(ctx.apply_spec)] = '/tmp/spec.yml:ro'
        try:
            out = cli(['orch', 'apply', '--continue-on-error', '-i', '/tmp/spec.yml'], extra_mounts=mounts)
            logger.info(out)
        except Exception:
            ctx.error_code = -errno.EINVAL
            logger.info('\nApplying %s to cluster failed!\n' % ctx.apply_spec)

    save_cluster_config(ctx, uid, gid, fsid)

    # Notify the Dashboard to show the 'Expand cluster' page on first log in.
    cli(['config-key', 'set', 'mgr/dashboard/cluster/status', 'INSTALLED'])

    logger.info('You can access the Ceph CLI as following in case of multi-cluster or non-default config:\n\n'
                '\tsudo %s shell --fsid %s -c %s -k %s\n' % (
                    sys.argv[0],
                    fsid,
                    ctx.output_config,
                    ctx.output_keyring))

    logger.info('Or, if you are only running a single cluster on this host:\n\n\tsudo %s shell \n' % (sys.argv[0]))

    logger.info('Please consider enabling telemetry to help improve Ceph:\n\n'
                '\tceph telemetry on\n\n'
                'For more information see:\n\n'
                '\thttps://docs.ceph.com/en/latest/mgr/telemetry/\n')
    logger.info('Bootstrap complete.')

    if getattr(ctx, 'deploy_cephadm_agent', None):
        cli(['config', 'set', 'mgr', 'mgr/cephadm/use_agent', 'true'])

    if getattr(ctx, 'custom_prometheus_alerts', None):
        cli(['orch', 'prometheus', 'set-custom-alerts', '-i', '/etc/ceph/custom_alerts.yml'])

    # Enable logrotate.timer
    _, _, installed = check_unit(ctx, 'logrotate')
    if not installed:
        logger.warning('Log rotation will not occur because the logrotate service is not installed. Please install it to enable log rotation.')
    else:
        logger.info('Enabling the logrotate.timer service to perform daily log rotation.')
        enable_service(ctx, 'logrotate.timer')
    return ctx.error_code

##################################


def command_registry_login(ctx: CephadmContext) -> int:
    logger.info('Logging into custom registry.')
    if ctx.registry_json:
        logger.info('Pulling custom registry login info from %s.' % ctx.registry_json)
        d = get_parm(ctx.registry_json)
        if d.get('url') and d.get('username') and d.get('password'):
            ctx.registry_url = d.get('url')
            ctx.registry_username = d.get('username')
            ctx.registry_password = d.get('password')
            registry_login(ctx, ctx.registry_url, ctx.registry_username, ctx.registry_password)
        else:
            raise Error('json provided for custom registry login did not include all necessary fields. '
                        'Please setup json file as\n'
                        '{\n'
                        ' "url": "REGISTRY_URL",\n'
                        ' "username": "REGISTRY_USERNAME",\n'
                        ' "password": "REGISTRY_PASSWORD"\n'
                        '}\n')
    elif ctx.registry_url and ctx.registry_username and ctx.registry_password:
        registry_login(ctx, ctx.registry_url, ctx.registry_username, ctx.registry_password)
    else:
        raise Error('Invalid custom registry arguments received. To login to a custom registry include '
                    '--registry-url, --registry-username and --registry-password '
                    'options or --registry-json option')
    return 0


##################################


def get_deployment_type(
    ctx: CephadmContext, ident: 'DaemonIdentity',
) -> DeploymentType:
    deployment_type: DeploymentType = DeploymentType.DEFAULT
    if ctx.reconfig:
        deployment_type = DeploymentType.RECONFIG
    (_, state, _) = check_unit(ctx, ident.unit_name)
    if state == 'running' or is_container_running(ctx, CephContainer.for_daemon(ctx, ident, 'bash')):
        # if reconfig was set, that takes priority over redeploy. If
        # this is considered a fresh deployment at this stage,
        # mark it as a redeploy to avoid port checking
        if deployment_type == DeploymentType.DEFAULT:
            deployment_type = DeploymentType.REDEPLOY

    logger.info(f'{deployment_type.value} daemon {ctx.name} ...')

    return deployment_type


@default_image
@deprecated_command
def command_deploy(ctx):
    # type: (CephadmContext) -> None
    try:
        _common_deploy(ctx)
    except DaemonStartException:
        sys.exit(DAEMON_FAILED_ERROR)


def apply_deploy_config_to_ctx(
    config_data: Dict[str, Any],
    ctx: CephadmContext,
) -> None:
    """Bind properties taken from the config_data dictionary to our ctx,
    similar to how cli options on `deploy` are bound to the context.
    """
    ctx.name = config_data['name']
    image = config_data.get('image', '')
    if image:
        ctx.image = image
    if 'fsid' in config_data:
        ctx.fsid = config_data['fsid']
    if 'meta' in config_data:
        ctx.meta_properties = config_data['meta']
    if 'config_blobs' in config_data:
        ctx.config_blobs = config_data['config_blobs']

    # many functions don't check that an attribute is set on the ctx
    # (with getattr or the '__contains__' func on ctx).
    # This reuses the defaults from the CLI options so we don't
    # have to repeat things and they can stay in sync.
    facade = ArgumentFacade()
    _add_deploy_parser_args(facade)
    facade.apply(ctx)
    for key, value in config_data.get('params', {}).items():
        if key not in facade.defaults:
            logger.warning('unexpected parameter: %r=%r', key, value)
        setattr(ctx, key, value)
    update_default_image(ctx)
    logger.debug('Determined image: %r', ctx.image)


def command_deploy_from(ctx: CephadmContext) -> None:
    """The deploy-from command is similar to deploy but sources nearly all
    configuration parameters from an input JSON configuration file.
    """
    config_data = read_configuration_source(ctx)
    logger.debug('Loaded deploy configuration: %r', config_data)
    apply_deploy_config_to_ctx(config_data, ctx)
    try:
        _common_deploy(ctx)
    except DaemonStartException:
        sys.exit(DAEMON_FAILED_ERROR)


def _common_deploy(ctx: CephadmContext) -> None:
    ident = DaemonIdentity.from_context(ctx)
    if ident.daemon_type not in get_supported_daemons():
        raise Error('daemon type %s not recognized' % ident.daemon_type)

    lock = FileLock(ctx, ctx.fsid)
    lock.acquire()

    deployment_type = get_deployment_type(ctx, ident)

    # Migrate sysctl conf files from /usr/lib to /etc
    migrate_sysctl_dir(ctx, ctx.fsid)

    # Get and check ports explicitly required to be opened
    endpoints = fetch_endpoints(ctx)

    if ident.daemon_type == CephadmAgent.daemon_type:
        # get current user gid and uid
        uid = os.getuid()
        gid = os.getgid()
        deploy_daemon(
            ctx,
            ident,
            None,
            uid,
            gid,
            deployment_type=deployment_type,
            endpoints=endpoints,
        )

    else:
        try:
            _deploy_daemon_container(ctx, ident, endpoints, deployment_type)
        except UnexpectedDaemonTypeError:
            raise Error('daemon type {} not implemented in command_deploy function'
                        .format(ident.daemon_type))


def _deploy_daemon_container(
    ctx: CephadmContext,
    ident: 'DaemonIdentity',
    daemon_endpoints: List[EndPoint],
    deployment_type: DeploymentType,
) -> None:
    daemon = daemon_form_create(ctx, ident)
    assert isinstance(daemon, ContainerDaemonForm)
    daemon.customize_container_endpoints(daemon_endpoints, deployment_type)
    ctr = daemon.container(ctx)
    ics = daemon.init_containers(ctx)
    sccs = daemon.sidecar_containers(ctx)
    config, keyring = daemon.config_and_keyring(ctx)
    uid, gid = daemon.uid_gid(ctx)
    deploy_daemon(
        ctx,
        ident,
        ctr,
        uid,
        gid,
        config=config,
        keyring=keyring,
        deployment_type=deployment_type,
        endpoints=daemon_endpoints,
        osd_fsid=daemon.osd_fsid,
        init_containers=ics,
        sidecars=sccs,
    )

##################################


@infer_image
def command_run(ctx):
    # type: (CephadmContext) -> int
    c = get_container(ctx, DaemonIdentity.from_context(ctx))
    command = c.run_cmd()
    return call_timeout(ctx, command, ctx.timeout)

##################################


@infer_fsid
@infer_config
@infer_image
@validate_fsid
def command_shell(ctx):
    # type: (CephadmContext) -> int
    cp = read_config(ctx.config)
    if cp.has_option('global', 'fsid') and \
       cp.get('global', 'fsid') != ctx.fsid:
        raise Error('fsid does not match ceph.conf')

    if ctx.name:
        if '.' in ctx.name:
            (daemon_type, daemon_id) = ctx.name.split('.', 1)
        else:
            daemon_type = ctx.name
            daemon_id = None
    else:
        daemon_type = 'shell'  # get limited set of mounts
        daemon_id = None

    if ctx.fsid and daemon_type in ceph_daemons():
        make_log_dir(ctx, ctx.fsid)

    if daemon_id and not ctx.fsid:
        raise Error('must pass --fsid to specify cluster')

    # in case a dedicated keyring for the specified fsid is found we us it.
    # Otherwise, use /etc/ceph files by default, if present.  We do this instead of
    # making these defaults in the arg parser because we don't want an error
    # if they don't exist.
    if not ctx.keyring:
        keyring_file = f'{ctx.data_dir}/{ctx.fsid}/{CEPH_CONF_DIR}/{CEPH_KEYRING}'
        if os.path.exists(keyring_file):
            ctx.keyring = keyring_file
        elif os.path.exists(CEPH_DEFAULT_KEYRING):
            ctx.keyring = CEPH_DEFAULT_KEYRING

    container_args: List[str] = ['-i']
    if ctx.fsid and daemon_id:
        ident = DaemonIdentity(ctx.fsid, daemon_type, daemon_id)
        mounts = get_container_mounts(
            ctx, ident, no_config=bool(ctx.config),
        )
        binds = get_container_binds(ctx, ident)
    else:
        mounts = get_container_mounts_for_type(ctx, ctx.fsid, daemon_type)
        binds = []
    if ctx.config:
        mounts[pathify(ctx.config)] = '/etc/ceph/ceph.conf:z'
    if ctx.keyring:
        mounts[pathify(ctx.keyring)] = '/etc/ceph/ceph.keyring:z'
    if ctx.mount:
        for _mount in ctx.mount:
            split_src_dst = _mount.split(':')
            mount = pathify(split_src_dst[0])
            filename = os.path.basename(split_src_dst[0])
            if len(split_src_dst) > 1:
                dst = split_src_dst[1]
                if len(split_src_dst) == 3:
                    dst = '{}:{}'.format(dst, split_src_dst[2])
                mounts[mount] = dst
            else:
                mounts[mount] = '/mnt/{}'.format(filename)
    if ctx.command:
        command = ctx.command
    else:
        command = ['bash']
        container_args += [
            '-t',
            '-e', 'LANG=C',
            '-e', 'PS1=%s' % CUSTOM_PS1,
        ]
        if ctx.fsid:
            home = os.path.join(ctx.data_dir, ctx.fsid, 'home')
            if not os.path.exists(home):
                logger.debug('Creating root home at %s' % home)
                makedirs(home, 0, 0, 0o660)
                if os.path.exists('/etc/skel'):
                    for f in os.listdir('/etc/skel'):
                        if f.startswith('.bash'):
                            shutil.copyfile(os.path.join('/etc/skel', f),
                                            os.path.join(home, f))
            mounts[home] = '/root'

    for i in ctx.volume:
        a, b = i.split(':', 1)
        mounts[a] = b

    c = CephContainer(
        ctx,
        image=ctx.image,
        entrypoint='doesnotmatter',
        args=[],
        container_args=container_args,
        volume_mounts=mounts,
        bind_mounts=binds,
        envs=ctx.env,
        privileged=True)
    command = c.shell_cmd(command)

    if ctx.dry_run:
        print(' '.join(shlex.quote(arg) for arg in command))
        return 0

    return call_timeout(ctx, command, ctx.timeout)

##################################


@infer_fsid
def command_enter(ctx: CephadmContext) -> int:
    ident = identify(ctx)
    container_args = ['-i']
    if ctx.command:
        command = ctx.command
    else:
        command = ['sh']
        container_args += [
            '-t',
            '-e', 'LANG=C',
            '-e', 'PS1=%s' % CUSTOM_PS1,
        ]
    c = CephContainer(
        ctx,
        identity=ident,
        image=ctx.image,
        entrypoint='doesnotmatter',
        container_args=container_args,
    )
    command = c.exec_cmd(command)
    if ctx.dry_run:
        print(' '.join(shlex.quote(arg) for arg in command))
        return 0
    return call_timeout(ctx, command, ctx.timeout)

##################################


@infer_fsid
@infer_image
@validate_fsid
def command_ceph_volume(ctx):
    # type: (CephadmContext) -> None
    cp = read_config(ctx.config)
    if cp.has_option('global', 'fsid') and \
       cp.get('global', 'fsid') != ctx.fsid:
        raise Error('fsid does not match ceph.conf')

    if ctx.fsid:
        make_log_dir(ctx, ctx.fsid)

        lock = FileLock(ctx, ctx.fsid)
        lock.acquire()

    (uid, gid) = (0, 0)  # ceph-volume runs as root
    mounts = get_container_mounts_for_type(ctx, ctx.fsid, 'ceph-volume')

    tmp_config = None
    tmp_keyring = None

    (config, keyring) = get_config_and_keyring(ctx)

    if config:
        # tmp config file
        tmp_config = write_tmp(config, uid, gid)
        mounts[tmp_config.name] = '/etc/ceph/ceph.conf:z'

    if keyring:
        # tmp keyring file
        tmp_keyring = write_tmp(keyring, uid, gid)
        mounts[tmp_keyring.name] = '/var/lib/ceph/bootstrap-osd/ceph.keyring:z'

    c = get_ceph_volume_container(
        ctx,
        envs=ctx.env,
        args=ctx.command,
        volume_mounts=mounts,
    )

    out, err, code = call_throws(ctx, c.run_cmd(), verbosity=CallVerbosity.QUIET_UNLESS_ERROR)
    if not code:
        print(out)

##################################


@infer_fsid
def command_unit_install(ctx: CephadmContext) -> int:
    ident = identify(ctx)
    systemd_unit.update_files(ctx, ident)
    call_throws(ctx, ['systemctl', 'daemon-reload'])
    return 0


@infer_fsid
def command_unit(ctx: CephadmContext) -> int:
    ident = identify(ctx)
    unit_name = lookup_unit_name_by_daemon_name(
        ctx, ident.fsid, ident.daemon_name
    )
    command = ['systemctl', ctx.command, unit_name]
    if ctx.dry_run:
        print(' '.join(shlex.quote(arg) for arg in command))
        return 0
    _, _, code = call(
        ctx,
        command,
        verbosity=CallVerbosity.VERBOSE,
        desc='',
    )
    return code

##################################


@infer_fsid
def command_logs(ctx: CephadmContext) -> None:
    ident = identify(ctx)
    unit_name = lookup_unit_name_by_daemon_name(
        ctx, ident.fsid, ident.daemon_name
    )
    cmd = [find_program('journalctl')]
    cmd.extend(['-u', unit_name])
    if ctx.command:
        cmd.extend(ctx.command)

    if ctx.dry_run:
        print(' '.join(shlex.quote(arg) for arg in cmd))
        return
    # call this directly, without our wrapper, so that we get an unmolested
    # stdout with logger prefixing.
    logger.debug('Running command: %s' % ' '.join(cmd))
    subprocess.call(cmd, env=os.environ.copy())  # type: ignore

##################################


def command_list_networks(ctx):
    # type: (CephadmContext) -> None
    r = list_networks(ctx)

    def serialize_sets(obj: Any) -> Any:
        return list(obj) if isinstance(obj, set) else obj

    print(json.dumps(r, indent=4, default=serialize_sets))

##################################


def command_ls(ctx):
    # type: (CephadmContext) -> None
    ls = list_daemons(ctx, detail=not ctx.no_detail,
                      legacy_dir=ctx.legacy_dir,
                      daemon_name=ctx.name)
    print(json.dumps(ls, indent=4))


def list_daemons(
    ctx: CephadmContext,
    detail: bool = True,
    legacy_dir: Optional[str] = None,
    daemon_name: Optional[str] = None,
    type_of_daemon: Optional[str] = None,
) -> List[Dict[str, str]]:
    _updater: DaemonStatusUpdater = NoOpDaemonStatusUpdater()
    if detail:
        detail_updaters = [
            CoreStatusUpdater(),
            DigestsStatusUpdater(),
            VersionStatusUpdater(),
            MemUsageStatusUpdater(),
            CPUUsageStatusUpdater(),
        ]
        _updater = CombinedStatusUpdater(detail_updaters)

    daemon_entries = daemons_matching(
        ctx,
        legacy_dir,
        daemon_name=daemon_name,
        daemon_type=type_of_daemon,
    )
    return [_updater.expand(ctx, entry) for entry in daemon_entries]


def get_daemon_description(ctx, fsid, name, detail=False, legacy_dir=None):
    # type: (CephadmContext, str, str, bool, Optional[str]) -> Dict[str, str]

    for d in list_daemons(ctx, detail=detail, legacy_dir=legacy_dir):
        if d['fsid'] != fsid:
            continue
        if d['name'] != name:
            continue
        return d
    raise Error('Daemon not found: {}. See `cephadm ls`'.format(name))

##################################


@default_image
def command_adopt(ctx):
    # type: (CephadmContext) -> None

    if not ctx.skip_pull:
        try:
            _pull_image(ctx, ctx.image)
        except UnauthorizedRegistryError:
            err_str = 'Failed to pull container image. Host may not be logged into container registry. Try `cephadm registry-login --registry-url <url> --registry-username <username> --registry-password <password>` or supply login info via a json file with `cephadm registry-login --registry-json <file>`'
            logger.debug(f'Pulling image for `command_adopt` failed: {err_str}')
            raise Error(err_str)

    (daemon_type, daemon_id) = ctx.name.split('.', 1)

    # legacy check
    if ctx.style != 'legacy':
        raise Error('adoption of style %s not implemented' % ctx.style)

    # lock
    fsid = get_legacy_daemon_fsid(ctx,
                                  ctx.cluster,
                                  daemon_type,
                                  daemon_id,
                                  legacy_dir=ctx.legacy_dir)
    if not fsid:
        raise Error('could not detect legacy fsid; set fsid in ceph.conf')
    lock = FileLock(ctx, fsid)
    lock.acquire()

    # call correct adoption
    if daemon_type in ceph_daemons():
        command_adopt_ceph(ctx, daemon_type, daemon_id, fsid)
    elif daemon_type == 'prometheus':
        command_adopt_prometheus(ctx, daemon_id, fsid)
    elif daemon_type == 'grafana':
        command_adopt_grafana(ctx, daemon_id, fsid)
    elif daemon_type == 'node-exporter':
        raise Error('adoption of node-exporter not implemented')
    elif daemon_type == 'alertmanager':
        command_adopt_alertmanager(ctx, daemon_id, fsid)
    else:
        raise Error('daemon type %s not recognized' % daemon_type)


class AdoptOsd(object):
    def __init__(self, ctx, osd_data_dir, osd_id):
        # type: (CephadmContext, str, str) -> None
        self.ctx = ctx
        self.osd_data_dir = osd_data_dir
        self.osd_id = osd_id

    def check_online_osd(self):
        # type: () -> Tuple[Optional[str], Optional[str]]

        osd_fsid, osd_type = None, None

        path = os.path.join(self.osd_data_dir, 'fsid')
        try:
            with open(path, 'r') as f:
                osd_fsid = f.read().strip()
            logger.info('Found online OSD at %s' % path)
        except IOError:
            logger.info('Unable to read OSD fsid from %s' % path)
        if os.path.exists(os.path.join(self.osd_data_dir, 'type')):
            with open(os.path.join(self.osd_data_dir, 'type')) as f:
                osd_type = f.read().strip()
        else:
            logger.info('"type" file missing for OSD data dir')

        return osd_fsid, osd_type

    def check_offline_lvm_osd(self):
        # type: () -> Tuple[Optional[str], Optional[str]]
        osd_fsid, osd_type = None, None

        c = get_ceph_volume_container(
            self.ctx,
            args=['lvm', 'list', '--format=json'],
        )
        out, err, code = call_throws(self.ctx, c.run_cmd())
        if not code:
            try:
                js = json.loads(out)
                if self.osd_id in js:
                    logger.info('Found offline LVM OSD {}'.format(self.osd_id))
                    osd_fsid = js[self.osd_id][0]['tags']['ceph.osd_fsid']
                    for device in js[self.osd_id]:
                        if device['tags']['ceph.type'] == 'block':
                            osd_type = 'bluestore'
                            break
                        if device['tags']['ceph.type'] == 'data':
                            osd_type = 'filestore'
                            break
            except ValueError as e:
                logger.info('Invalid JSON in ceph-volume lvm list: {}'.format(e))

        return osd_fsid, osd_type

    def check_offline_simple_osd(self):
        # type: () -> Tuple[Optional[str], Optional[str]]
        osd_fsid, osd_type = None, None

        osd_file = glob('/etc/ceph/osd/{}-[a-f0-9-]*.json'.format(self.osd_id))
        if len(osd_file) == 1:
            with open(osd_file[0], 'r') as f:
                try:
                    js = json.loads(f.read())
                    logger.info('Found offline simple OSD {}'.format(self.osd_id))
                    osd_fsid = js['fsid']
                    osd_type = js['type']
                    if osd_type != 'filestore':
                        # need this to be mounted for the adopt to work, as it
                        # needs to move files from this directory
                        call_throws(self.ctx, ['mount', js['data']['path'], self.osd_data_dir])
                except ValueError as e:
                    logger.info('Invalid JSON in {}: {}'.format(osd_file, e))

        return osd_fsid, osd_type

    def change_cluster_name(self) -> None:
        logger.info('Attempting to convert osd cluster name to ceph . . .')
        c = get_ceph_volume_container(
            self.ctx,
            args=['lvm', 'list', '{}'.format(self.osd_id), '--format=json'],
        )
        out, err, code = call_throws(self.ctx, c.run_cmd())
        if code:
            raise Exception(f'Failed to get list of LVs: {err}\nceph-volume failed with rc {code}')
        try:
            js = json.loads(out)
            if not js:
                raise RuntimeError(f'Failed to find osd.{self.osd_id}')
            device: Optional[Dict[Any, Any]] = None
            for d in js[self.osd_id]:
                if d['type'] == 'block':
                    device = d
                    break
            if not device:
                raise RuntimeError(f'Failed to find block device for osd.{self.osd_id}')
            vg = device['vg_name']
            out, err, code = call_throws(self.ctx, ['lvchange', '--deltag', f'ceph.cluster_name={self.ctx.cluster}', vg])
            if code:
                raise RuntimeError(f"Can't delete tag ceph.cluster_name={self.ctx.cluster} on osd.{self.osd_id}.\nlvchange failed with rc {code}")
            out, err, code = call_throws(self.ctx, ['lvchange', '--addtag', 'ceph.cluster_name=ceph', vg])
            if code:
                raise RuntimeError(f"Can't add tag ceph.cluster_name=ceph on osd.{self.osd_id}.\nlvchange failed with rc {code}")
            logger.info('Successfully converted osd cluster name')
        except (Exception, RuntimeError) as e:
            logger.info(f'Failed to convert osd cluster name: {e}')


def command_adopt_ceph(ctx, daemon_type, daemon_id, fsid):
    # type: (CephadmContext, str, str, str) -> None

    (uid, gid) = extract_uid_gid(ctx)

    data_dir_src = ('/var/lib/ceph/%s/%s-%s' %
                    (daemon_type, ctx.cluster, daemon_id))
    data_dir_src = os.path.abspath(ctx.legacy_dir + data_dir_src)

    if not os.path.exists(data_dir_src):
        raise Error("{}.{} data directory '{}' does not exist.  "
                    'Incorrect ID specified, or daemon already adopted?'.format(
                        daemon_type, daemon_id, data_dir_src))

    osd_fsid = None
    if daemon_type == 'osd':
        adopt_osd = AdoptOsd(ctx, data_dir_src, daemon_id)
        osd_fsid, osd_type = adopt_osd.check_online_osd()
        if not osd_fsid:
            osd_fsid, osd_type = adopt_osd.check_offline_lvm_osd()
        if not osd_fsid:
            osd_fsid, osd_type = adopt_osd.check_offline_simple_osd()
        if not osd_fsid:
            raise Error('Unable to find OSD {}'.format(daemon_id))
        elif ctx.cluster != 'ceph':
            adopt_osd.change_cluster_name()
        logger.info('objectstore_type is %s' % osd_type)
        assert osd_type
        if osd_type == 'filestore':
            raise Error('FileStore is not supported by cephadm')

    # NOTE: implicit assumption here that the units correspond to the
    # cluster we are adopting based on the /etc/{defaults,sysconfig}/ceph
    # CLUSTER field.
    unit_name = 'ceph-%s@%s' % (daemon_type, daemon_id)
    (enabled, state, _) = check_unit(ctx, unit_name)
    if state == 'running':
        logger.info('Stopping old systemd unit %s...' % unit_name)
        call_throws(ctx, ['systemctl', 'stop', unit_name])
    if enabled:
        logger.info('Disabling old systemd unit %s...' % unit_name)
        call_throws(ctx, ['systemctl', 'disable', unit_name])

    # data
    logger.info('Moving data...')
    data_dir_dst = make_data_dir(
        ctx,
        DaemonIdentity(fsid, daemon_type, daemon_id),
        uid=uid,
        gid=gid,
    )
    move_files(ctx, glob(os.path.join(data_dir_src, '*')),
               data_dir_dst,
               uid=uid, gid=gid)
    logger.debug('Remove dir `%s`' % (data_dir_src))
    if os.path.ismount(data_dir_src):
        call_throws(ctx, ['umount', data_dir_src])
    os.rmdir(data_dir_src)

    logger.info('Chowning content...')
    call_throws(ctx, ['chown', '-c', '-R', '%d.%d' % (uid, gid), data_dir_dst])

    if daemon_type == 'mon':
        # rename *.ldb -> *.sst, in case they are coming from ubuntu
        store = os.path.join(data_dir_dst, 'store.db')
        num_renamed = 0
        if os.path.exists(store):
            for oldf in os.listdir(store):
                if oldf.endswith('.ldb'):
                    newf = oldf.replace('.ldb', '.sst')
                    oldp = os.path.join(store, oldf)
                    newp = os.path.join(store, newf)
                    logger.debug('Renaming %s -> %s' % (oldp, newp))
                    os.rename(oldp, newp)
        if num_renamed:
            logger.info('Renamed %d leveldb *.ldb files to *.sst',
                        num_renamed)
    if daemon_type == 'osd':
        for n in ['block', 'block.db', 'block.wal']:
            p = os.path.join(data_dir_dst, n)
            if os.path.exists(p):
                logger.info('Chowning %s...' % p)
                os.chown(p, uid, gid)
        # disable the ceph-volume 'simple' mode files on the host
        simple_fn = os.path.join('/etc/ceph/osd',
                                 '%s-%s.json' % (daemon_id, osd_fsid))
        if os.path.exists(simple_fn):
            new_fn = simple_fn + '.adopted-by-cephadm'
            logger.info('Renaming %s -> %s', simple_fn, new_fn)
            os.rename(simple_fn, new_fn)
            logger.info('Disabling host unit ceph-volume@ simple unit...')
            call(ctx, ['systemctl', 'disable',
                       'ceph-volume@simple-%s-%s.service' % (daemon_id, osd_fsid)])
        else:
            # assume this is an 'lvm' c-v for now, but don't error
            # out if it's not.
            logger.info('Disabling host unit ceph-volume@ lvm unit...')
            call(ctx, ['systemctl', 'disable',
                       'ceph-volume@lvm-%s-%s.service' % (daemon_id, osd_fsid)])

    # config
    config_src = '/etc/ceph/%s.conf' % (ctx.cluster)
    config_src = os.path.abspath(ctx.legacy_dir + config_src)
    config_dst = os.path.join(data_dir_dst, 'config')
    copy_files(ctx, [config_src], config_dst, uid=uid, gid=gid)

    # logs
    logger.info('Moving logs...')
    log_dir_src = ('/var/log/ceph/%s-%s.%s.log*' %
                   (ctx.cluster, daemon_type, daemon_id))
    log_dir_src = os.path.abspath(ctx.legacy_dir + log_dir_src)
    log_dir_dst = make_log_dir(ctx, fsid, uid=uid, gid=gid)
    move_files(ctx, glob(log_dir_src),
               log_dir_dst,
               uid=uid, gid=gid)

    logger.info('Creating new units...')
    make_var_run(ctx, fsid, uid, gid)
    ident = DaemonIdentity(fsid, daemon_type, daemon_id)
    c = get_container(ctx, ident)
    deploy_daemon_units(
        ctx,
        ident,
        uid,
        gid,
        c,
        enable=True,  # unconditionally enable the new unit
        start=(state == 'running' or ctx.force_start),
        osd_fsid=osd_fsid,
    )
    update_firewalld(ctx, daemon_form_create(ctx, ident))


def command_adopt_prometheus(ctx, daemon_id, fsid):
    # type: (CephadmContext, str, str) -> None
    daemon_type = 'prometheus'
    (uid, gid) = Monitoring.extract_uid_gid(ctx, daemon_type)
    # should try to set the ports we know cephadm defaults
    # to for these services in the firewall.
    ports = Monitoring.port_map['prometheus']
    endpoints = [EndPoint('0.0.0.0', p) for p in ports]

    _stop_and_disable(ctx, 'prometheus')

    data_dir_dst = make_data_dir(
        ctx,
        DaemonIdentity(fsid, daemon_type, daemon_id),
        uid=uid,
        gid=gid,
    )

    # config
    config_src = '/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml'
    config_src = os.path.abspath(ctx.legacy_dir + config_src)
    config_dst = os.path.join(data_dir_dst, 'etc/prometheus')
    makedirs(config_dst, uid, gid, 0o755)
    copy_files(ctx, [config_src], config_dst, uid=uid, gid=gid)

    # data
    data_src = '/var/lib/prometheus/metrics/'
    data_src = os.path.abspath(ctx.legacy_dir + data_src)
    data_dst = os.path.join(data_dir_dst, 'data')
    copy_tree(ctx, [data_src], data_dst, uid=uid, gid=gid)

    make_var_run(ctx, fsid, uid, gid)
    ident = DaemonIdentity(fsid, daemon_type, daemon_id)
    c = get_container(ctx, ident)
    deploy_daemon(
        ctx,
        ident,
        c,
        uid,
        gid,
        deployment_type=DeploymentType.REDEPLOY,
        endpoints=endpoints,
    )
    update_firewalld(ctx, daemon_form_create(ctx, ident))


def command_adopt_grafana(ctx, daemon_id, fsid):
    # type: (CephadmContext, str, str) -> None

    daemon_type = 'grafana'
    (uid, gid) = Monitoring.extract_uid_gid(ctx, daemon_type)
    # should try to set the ports we know cephadm defaults
    # to for these services in the firewall.
    ports = Monitoring.port_map['grafana']
    endpoints = [EndPoint('0.0.0.0', p) for p in ports]

    _stop_and_disable(ctx, 'grafana server')

    ident = DaemonIdentity(fsid, daemon_type, daemon_id)
    data_dir_dst = make_data_dir(
        ctx,
        ident,
        uid=uid,
        gid=gid,
    )

    # config
    config_src = '/etc/grafana/grafana.ini'
    config_src = os.path.abspath(ctx.legacy_dir + config_src)
    config_dst = os.path.join(data_dir_dst, 'etc/grafana')
    makedirs(config_dst, uid, gid, 0o755)
    copy_files(ctx, [config_src], config_dst, uid=uid, gid=gid)

    prov_src = '/etc/grafana/provisioning/'
    prov_src = os.path.abspath(ctx.legacy_dir + prov_src)
    prov_dst = os.path.join(data_dir_dst, 'etc/grafana')
    copy_tree(ctx, [prov_src], prov_dst, uid=uid, gid=gid)

    # cert
    cert = '/etc/grafana/grafana.crt'
    key = '/etc/grafana/grafana.key'
    if os.path.exists(cert) and os.path.exists(key):
        cert_src = '/etc/grafana/grafana.crt'
        cert_src = os.path.abspath(ctx.legacy_dir + cert_src)
        makedirs(os.path.join(data_dir_dst, 'etc/grafana/certs'), uid, gid, 0o755)
        cert_dst = os.path.join(data_dir_dst, 'etc/grafana/certs/cert_file')
        copy_files(ctx, [cert_src], cert_dst, uid=uid, gid=gid)

        key_src = '/etc/grafana/grafana.key'
        key_src = os.path.abspath(ctx.legacy_dir + key_src)
        key_dst = os.path.join(data_dir_dst, 'etc/grafana/certs/cert_key')
        copy_files(ctx, [key_src], key_dst, uid=uid, gid=gid)

        _adjust_grafana_ini(os.path.join(config_dst, 'grafana.ini'))
    else:
        logger.debug('Skipping ssl, missing cert {} or key {}'.format(cert, key))

    # data - possible custom dashboards/plugins
    data_src = '/var/lib/grafana/'
    data_src = os.path.abspath(ctx.legacy_dir + data_src)
    data_dst = os.path.join(data_dir_dst, 'data')
    copy_tree(ctx, [data_src], data_dst, uid=uid, gid=gid)

    make_var_run(ctx, fsid, uid, gid)
    c = get_container(ctx, ident)
    deploy_daemon(
        ctx,
        ident,
        c,
        uid,
        gid,
        deployment_type=DeploymentType.REDEPLOY,
        endpoints=endpoints,
    )
    update_firewalld(ctx, daemon_form_create(ctx, ident))


def command_adopt_alertmanager(ctx, daemon_id, fsid):
    # type: (CephadmContext, str, str) -> None

    daemon_type = 'alertmanager'
    (uid, gid) = Monitoring.extract_uid_gid(ctx, daemon_type)
    # should try to set the ports we know cephadm defaults
    # to for these services in the firewall.
    ports = Monitoring.port_map['alertmanager']
    endpoints = [EndPoint('0.0.0.0', p) for p in ports]

    _stop_and_disable(ctx, 'prometheus-alertmanager')

    ident = DaemonIdentity(fsid, daemon_type, daemon_id)
    data_dir_dst = make_data_dir(
        ctx,
        ident,
        uid=uid,
        gid=gid,
    )

    # config
    config_src = '/etc/prometheus/alertmanager.yml'
    config_src = os.path.abspath(ctx.legacy_dir + config_src)
    config_dst = os.path.join(data_dir_dst, 'etc/alertmanager')
    makedirs(config_dst, uid, gid, 0o755)
    copy_files(ctx, [config_src], config_dst, uid=uid, gid=gid)

    # data
    data_src = '/var/lib/prometheus/alertmanager/'
    data_src = os.path.abspath(ctx.legacy_dir + data_src)
    data_dst = os.path.join(data_dir_dst, 'etc/alertmanager/data')
    copy_tree(ctx, [data_src], data_dst, uid=uid, gid=gid)

    make_var_run(ctx, fsid, uid, gid)
    c = get_container(ctx, ident)
    deploy_daemon(
        ctx,
        ident,
        c,
        uid,
        gid,
        deployment_type=DeploymentType.REDEPLOY,
        endpoints=endpoints,
    )
    update_firewalld(ctx, daemon_form_create(ctx, ident))


def _adjust_grafana_ini(filename):
    # type: (str) -> None

    # Update cert_file, cert_key pathnames in server section
    # ConfigParser does not preserve comments
    try:
        with open(filename, 'r') as grafana_ini:
            lines = grafana_ini.readlines()
        with write_new(filename, perms=None) as grafana_ini:
            server_section = False
            for line in lines:
                if line.startswith('['):
                    server_section = False
                if line.startswith('[server]'):
                    server_section = True
                if server_section:
                    line = re.sub(r'^cert_file.*',
                                  'cert_file = /etc/grafana/certs/cert_file', line)
                    line = re.sub(r'^cert_key.*',
                                  'cert_key = /etc/grafana/certs/cert_key', line)
                grafana_ini.write(line)
    except OSError as err:
        raise Error('Cannot update {}: {}'.format(filename, err))


def _stop_and_disable(ctx, unit_name):
    # type: (CephadmContext, str) -> None

    (enabled, state, _) = check_unit(ctx, unit_name)
    if state == 'running':
        logger.info('Stopping old systemd unit %s...' % unit_name)
        call_throws(ctx, ['systemctl', 'stop', unit_name])
    if enabled:
        logger.info('Disabling old systemd unit %s...' % unit_name)
        call_throws(ctx, ['systemctl', 'disable', unit_name])

##################################


def command_rm_daemon(ctx):
    # type: (CephadmContext) -> None
    lock = FileLock(ctx, ctx.fsid)
    lock.acquire()

    ident = DaemonIdentity.from_context(ctx)
    try:
        # attempt a fast-path conversion that maps the fsid+name to
        # the systemd service name, verifying that there is such a service
        call_throws(ctx, ['systemctl', 'status', ident.service_name])
        unit_name = ident.service_name
    except RuntimeError:
        # fall back to looking up all possible services that might match
        # (JJM) Preserved this operation in case theres some backwards compat
        # issues where the DaemonIdentity derived name is not correct.
        unit_name = lookup_unit_name_by_daemon_name(ctx, ctx.fsid, ctx.name)

    if ident.daemon_type in ['mon', 'osd'] and not ctx.force:
        raise Error('must pass --force to proceed: '
                    'this command may destroy precious data!')

    terminate_service(ctx, unit_name)

    # clean up any extra systemd unit files
    sd_path_info = systemd_unit.sidecars_from_dropin(
        systemd_unit.PathInfo(ctx.unit_dir, ident), missing_ok=True
    )
    for sc_unit in sd_path_info.sidecar_unit_files.values():
        terminate_service(ctx, sc_unit.name)
        unlink_file(sc_unit, missing_ok=True)
    terminate_service(ctx, sd_path_info.init_ctr_unit_file.name)
    unlink_file(sd_path_info.init_ctr_unit_file, missing_ok=True)
    unlink_file(sd_path_info.drop_in_file, missing_ok=True)
    try:
        sd_path_info.drop_in_file.parent.rmdir()
    except OSError:
        pass

    # force remove rgw admin socket file if leftover
    if ident.daemon_type in ['rgw']:
        rgw_asok_path = f'/var/run/ceph/{ctx.fsid}/ceph-client.{ctx.name}.*.asok'
        call(ctx, ['rm', '-rf', rgw_asok_path],
             verbosity=CallVerbosity.DEBUG)

    data_dir = ident.data_dir(ctx.data_dir)
    if ident.daemon_type in ['mon', 'osd', 'prometheus'] and \
       not ctx.force_delete_data:
        # rename it out of the way -- do not delete
        backup_dir = os.path.join(ctx.data_dir, ctx.fsid, 'removed')
        if not os.path.exists(backup_dir):
            makedirs(backup_dir, 0, 0, DATA_DIR_MODE)
        dirname = '%s_%s' % (
            ident.daemon_name, datetime.datetime.utcnow().strftime(DATEFMT)
        )
        os.rename(data_dir,
                  os.path.join(backup_dir, dirname))
    else:
        shutil.rmtree(data_dir, ignore_errors=True)

    endpoints = fetch_endpoints(ctx)
    ports: List[int] = [e.port for e in endpoints]
    if ports:
        try:
            fw = Firewalld(ctx)
            fw.close_ports(ports)
            fw.apply_rules()
        except RuntimeError as e:
            # in case we cannot close the ports we will remove
            # the daemon but keep them open.
            logger.warning(f' Error when trying to close ports: {e}')


##################################


def _zap(ctx: CephadmContext, what: str) -> None:
    mounts = get_container_mounts_for_type(
        ctx, ctx.fsid, 'clusterless-ceph-volume'
    )
    c = get_ceph_volume_container(ctx,
                                  args=['lvm', 'zap', '--destroy', what],
                                  volume_mounts=mounts,
                                  envs=ctx.env)
    logger.info(f'Zapping {what}...')
    out, err, code = call_throws(ctx, c.run_cmd())


@infer_image
def _zap_osds(ctx: CephadmContext) -> None:
    # assume fsid lock already held

    # list
    mounts = get_container_mounts_for_type(
        ctx, ctx.fsid, 'clusterless-ceph-volume'
    )
    c = get_ceph_volume_container(ctx,
                                  args=['inventory', '--format', 'json'],
                                  volume_mounts=mounts,
                                  envs=ctx.env)
    out, err, code = call_throws(ctx, c.run_cmd())
    if code:
        raise Error('failed to list osd inventory')
    try:
        ls = json.loads(out)
    except ValueError as e:
        raise Error(f'Invalid JSON in ceph-volume inventory: {e}')

    for i in ls:
        matches = [lv.get('cluster_fsid') == ctx.fsid and i.get('ceph_device_lvm') for lv in i.get('lvs', [])]
        if any(matches) and all(matches):
            _zap(ctx, i.get('path'))
        elif any(matches):
            lv_names = [lv['name'] for lv in i.get('lvs', [])]
            # TODO: we need to map the lv_names back to device paths (the vg
            # id isn't part of the output here!)
            logger.warning(f'Not zapping LVs (not implemented): {lv_names}')


def command_zap_osds(ctx: CephadmContext) -> None:
    if not ctx.force:
        raise Error('must pass --force to proceed: '
                    'this command may destroy precious data!')

    lock = FileLock(ctx, ctx.fsid)
    lock.acquire()

    _zap_osds(ctx)

##################################


def get_ceph_cluster_count(ctx: CephadmContext) -> int:
    if os.path.isdir(ctx.data_dir):
        return len([c for c in os.listdir(ctx.data_dir) if is_fsid(c)])
    return 0


def command_rm_cluster(ctx: CephadmContext) -> None:
    if not ctx.force:
        raise Error('must pass --force to proceed: '
                    'this command may destroy precious data!')

    lock = FileLock(ctx, ctx.fsid)
    lock.acquire()
    _rm_cluster(ctx, ctx.keep_logs, ctx.zap_osds)


def _rm_cluster(ctx: CephadmContext, keep_logs: bool, zap_osds: bool) -> None:

    if not ctx.fsid:
        raise Error('must select the cluster to delete by passing --fsid to proceed')

    logger.info(f'Deleting cluster with fsid: {ctx.fsid}')

    # stop + disable individual daemon units
    sd_paths = []
    for d in daemons_summary(ctx):
        if d['fsid'] != ctx.fsid:
            continue
        if d['style'] != 'cephadm:v1':
            continue
        terminate_service(ctx, 'ceph-%s@%s' % (ctx.fsid, d['name']))
        # terminate sidecar & other supplemental services
        ident = DaemonIdentity.from_name(ctx.fsid, d['name'])
        sd_path_info = systemd_unit.sidecars_from_dropin(
            systemd_unit.PathInfo(ctx.unit_dir, ident), missing_ok=True
        )
        for sc_unit in sd_path_info.sidecar_unit_files.values():
            terminate_service(ctx, sc_unit.name)
        terminate_service(ctx, sd_path_info.init_ctr_unit_file.name)
        sd_paths.append(sd_path_info)

    # cluster units
    for unit_name in ['ceph-%s.target' % ctx.fsid]:
        terminate_service(ctx, unit_name)

    slice_name = 'system-ceph\\x2d{}.slice'.format(ctx.fsid.replace('-', '\\x2d'))
    call(ctx, ['systemctl', 'stop', slice_name],
         verbosity=CallVerbosity.DEBUG)

    # osds?
    if zap_osds:
        _zap_osds(ctx)

    # rm units
    for sd_path_info in sd_paths:
        for sc_unit in sd_path_info.sidecar_unit_files.values():
            unlink_file(sc_unit, missing_ok=True)
        unlink_file(sd_path_info.init_ctr_unit_file, missing_ok=True)
        shutil.rmtree(sd_path_info.drop_in_file.parent, ignore_errors=True)
    unit_dir = Path(ctx.unit_dir)
    unlink_file(unit_dir / f'ceph-{ctx.fsid}@.service', missing_ok=True)
    unlink_file(unit_dir / f'ceph-{ctx.fsid}.target', missing_ok=True)
    shutil.rmtree(unit_dir / f'ceph-{ctx.fsid}.target.wants', ignore_errors=True)

    # rm data
    shutil.rmtree(Path(ctx.data_dir) / ctx.fsid, ignore_errors=True)

    if not keep_logs:
        # rm logs
        shutil.rmtree(Path(ctx.log_dir) / ctx.fsid, ignore_errors=True)

    # rm logrotate config
    unlink_file(
        Path(ctx.logrotate_dir) / ('ceph-%s' % ctx.fsid), ignore_errors=True
    )

    # if last cluster on host remove shared files
    if get_ceph_cluster_count(ctx) == 0:
        terminate_service(ctx, 'ceph.target')

        # rm shared ceph target files
        unlink_file(
            Path(ctx.unit_dir) / 'multi-user.target.wants/ceph.target',
            ignore_errors=True
        )
        unlink_file(Path(ctx.unit_dir) / 'ceph.target', ignore_errors=True)

        # rm cephadm logrotate config
        unlink_file(Path(ctx.logrotate_dir) / 'cephadm', ignore_errors=True)

        if not keep_logs:
            # remove all cephadm logs
            for fname in glob(f'{ctx.log_dir}/cephadm.log*'):
                os.remove(fname)

        unlink_file(Path('/etc/ceph/podman-auth.json'), missing_ok=True, ignore_errors=True)

    # rm sysctl settings
    sysctl_dirs: List[Path] = [Path(ctx.sysctl_dir), Path('/usr/lib/sysctl.d')]

    for sysctl_dir in sysctl_dirs:
        for p in sysctl_dir.glob(f'90-ceph-{ctx.fsid}-*.conf'):
            p.unlink()

    # cleanup remaining ceph directories
    ceph_dirs = [f'/run/ceph/{ctx.fsid}', f'/tmp/cephadm-{ctx.fsid}', f'/var/run/ceph/{ctx.fsid}']
    for dd in ceph_dirs:
        shutil.rmtree(dd, ignore_errors=True)

    # clean up config, keyring, and pub key files
    files = [CEPH_DEFAULT_CONF, CEPH_DEFAULT_PUBKEY, CEPH_DEFAULT_KEYRING]
    if os.path.exists(files[0]):
        valid_fsid = False
        with open(files[0]) as f:
            if ctx.fsid in f.read():
                valid_fsid = True
        if valid_fsid:
            # rm configuration files on /etc/ceph
            for n in range(0, len(files)):
                if os.path.exists(files[n]):
                    os.remove(files[n])

##################################


def check_time_sync(
    ctx: CephadmContext
) -> bool:
    units = [
        'chrony.service',  # 18.04 (at least)
        'chronyd.service',  # el / opensuse
        'systemd-timesyncd.service',
        'ntpd.service',  # el7 (at least)
        'ntp.service',  # 18.04 (at least)
        'ntpsec.service',  # 20.04 (at least) / buster
        'openntpd.service',  # ubuntu / debian
        'timemaster.service',  # linuxptp on ubuntu/debian
    ]
    if not check_units(ctx, units):
        logger.warning('No time sync service is running; checked for %s' % units)
        return False
    return True


def command_check_host(ctx: CephadmContext) -> None:
    errors = []
    commands = ['systemctl', 'lvcreate']

    try:
        engine = check_container_engine(ctx)
        logger.info(f'{engine} is present')
    except Error as e:
        errors.append(str(e))

    for command in commands:
        try:
            find_program(command)
            logger.info('%s is present' % command)
        except ValueError:
            errors.append('%s binary does not appear to be installed' % command)

    # check for configured+running chronyd or ntp
    if not check_time_sync(ctx):
        errors.append('No time synchronization is active')

    if 'expect_hostname' in ctx and ctx.expect_hostname:
        if get_hostname().lower() != ctx.expect_hostname.lower():
            errors.append('hostname "%s" does not match expected hostname "%s"' % (
                get_hostname(), ctx.expect_hostname))
        else:
            logger.info('Hostname "%s" matches what is expected.',
                        ctx.expect_hostname)

    if errors:
        raise Error('\nERROR: '.join(errors))

    logger.info('Host looks OK')

##################################


def command_prepare_host(ctx: CephadmContext) -> None:
    logger.info('Verifying podman|docker is present...')
    pkg = None
    try:
        check_container_engine(ctx)
    except Error as e:
        logger.warning(str(e))
        if not pkg:
            pkg = create_packager(ctx)
        pkg.install_podman()
        ctx.container_engine = find_container_engine(ctx)

    logger.info('Verifying lvm2 is present...')
    if not find_executable('lvcreate'):
        if not pkg:
            pkg = create_packager(ctx)
        pkg.install(['lvm2'])

    logger.info('Verifying time synchronization is in place...')
    if not check_time_sync(ctx):
        if not pkg:
            pkg = create_packager(ctx)
        pkg.install(['chrony'])
        # check again, and this time try to enable
        # the service
        check_time_sync(ctx)

    if 'expect_hostname' in ctx and ctx.expect_hostname and ctx.expect_hostname != get_hostname():
        logger.warning('Adjusting hostname from %s -> %s...' % (get_hostname(), ctx.expect_hostname))
        call_throws(ctx, ['hostname', ctx.expect_hostname])
        with open('/etc/hostname', 'w') as f:
            f.write(ctx.expect_hostname + '\n')

    logger.info('Repeating the final host check...')
    command_check_host(ctx)

##################################


class CustomValidation(argparse.Action):

    def _check_name(self, values: str) -> None:
        try:
            (daemon_type, daemon_id) = values.split('.', 1)
        except ValueError:
            raise argparse.ArgumentError(self,
                                         'must be of the format <type>.<id>. For example, osd.1 or prometheus.myhost.com')

        daemons = get_supported_daemons()
        if daemon_type not in daemons:
            raise argparse.ArgumentError(self,
                                         'name must declare the type of daemon e.g. '
                                         '{}'.format(', '.join(daemons)))

    def __call__(self, parser: argparse.ArgumentParser, namespace: argparse.Namespace, values: Union[str, Sequence[Any], None],
                 option_string: Optional[str] = None) -> None:
        assert isinstance(values, str)
        if self.dest == 'name':
            self._check_name(values)
            setattr(namespace, self.dest, values)

##################################


def command_add_repo(ctx: CephadmContext) -> None:
    if ctx.version and ctx.release:
        raise Error('you can specify either --release or --version but not both')
    if not ctx.version and not ctx.release and not ctx.dev and not ctx.dev_commit:
        raise Error('please supply a --release, --version, --dev or --dev-commit argument')
    if ctx.version:
        try:
            (x, y, z) = ctx.version.split('.')
        except Exception:
            raise Error('version must be in the form x.y.z (e.g., 15.2.0)')
    if ctx.release:
        # Pacific =/= pacific in this case, set to undercase to avoid confusion
        ctx.release = ctx.release.lower()

    pkg = create_packager(ctx, stable=ctx.release,
                          version=ctx.version,
                          branch=ctx.dev,
                          commit=ctx.dev_commit)
    pkg.validate()
    pkg.add_repo()
    logger.info('Completed adding repo.')


def command_rm_repo(ctx: CephadmContext) -> None:
    pkg = create_packager(ctx)
    pkg.rm_repo()


def command_install(ctx: CephadmContext) -> None:
    pkg = create_packager(ctx)
    pkg.install(ctx.packages)


def command_rescan_disks(ctx: CephadmContext) -> str:

    def probe_hba(scan_path: str) -> None:
        """Tell the adapter to rescan"""
        with open(scan_path, 'w') as f:
            f.write('- - -')

    cmd = ctx.func.__name__.replace('command_', '')
    logger.info(f'{cmd}: starting')
    start = time.time()

    all_scan_files = glob('/sys/class/scsi_host/*/scan')
    scan_files = []
    skipped = []
    for scan_path in all_scan_files:
        adapter_name = os.path.basename(os.path.dirname(scan_path))
        proc_name = read_file([os.path.join(os.path.dirname(scan_path), 'proc_name')])
        if proc_name in ['unknown', 'usb-storage']:
            skipped.append(os.path.basename(scan_path))
            logger.info(f'{cmd}: rescan skipping incompatible host adapter {adapter_name} : {proc_name}')
            continue

        scan_files.append(scan_path)

    if not scan_files:
        logger.info(f'{cmd}: no compatible HBAs found')
        return 'Ok. No compatible HBAs found'

    responses = async_run(concurrent_tasks(probe_hba, scan_files))
    failures = [r for r in responses if r]

    logger.info(f'{cmd}: Complete. {len(scan_files)} adapters rescanned, {len(failures)} failures, {len(skipped)} skipped')

    elapsed = time.time() - start
    if failures:
        plural = 's' if len(failures) > 1 else ''
        if len(failures) == len(scan_files):
            return f'Failed. All {len(scan_files)} rescan requests failed'
        else:
            return f'Partial. {len(scan_files) - len(failures)} successful, {len(failures)} failure{plural} against: {", ".join(failures)}'

    return f'Ok. {len(all_scan_files)} adapters detected: {len(scan_files)} rescanned, {len(skipped)} skipped, {len(failures)} failed ({elapsed:.2f}s)'


def command_list_images(ctx: CephadmContext) -> None:
    """this function will list the default images used by different services"""
    cp_obj = ConfigParser()
    cp_obj['mgr'] = get_mgr_images()
    # print default images
    cp_obj.write(sys.stdout)


def update_service_for_daemon(ctx: CephadmContext,
                              available_daemons: list,
                              update_daemons: list) -> None:
    """ Update the unit.meta file of daemon with required service name for valid daemons"""

    data = {'service_name': ctx.service_name}
    # check if all the daemon names are valid
    if not set(update_daemons).issubset(set(available_daemons)):
        raise Error(f'Error EINVAL: one or more daemons of {update_daemons} does not exist on this host')
    for name in update_daemons:
        path = os.path.join(ctx.data_dir, ctx.fsid, name, 'unit.meta')
        update_meta_file(path, data)
        print(f'Successfully updated daemon {name} with service {ctx.service_name}')


@infer_fsid
def command_update_osd_service(ctx: CephadmContext) -> int:
    """update service for provided daemon"""
    update_daemons = [f'osd.{osd_id}' for osd_id in ctx.osd_ids.split(',')]
    daemons = daemons_summary(ctx, daemon_type='osd')
    if not daemons:
        raise Error(f'Daemon {ctx.osd_ids} does not exists on this host')
    available_daemons = [d['name'] for d in daemons]
    update_service_for_daemon(ctx, available_daemons, update_daemons)
    return 0


##################################


def command_gather_facts(ctx: CephadmContext) -> None:
    """gather_facts is intended to provide host related metadata to the caller"""
    host = HostFacts(ctx)
    print(host.dump())


##################################


def systemd_target_state(ctx: CephadmContext, target_name: str, subsystem: str = 'ceph') -> bool:
    # TODO: UNITTEST
    return os.path.exists(
        os.path.join(
            ctx.unit_dir,
            f'{subsystem}.target.wants',
            target_name
        )
    )


def target_exists(ctx: CephadmContext) -> bool:
    return os.path.exists(ctx.unit_dir + '/ceph.target')


@infer_fsid
def command_maintenance(ctx: CephadmContext) -> int:
    msg = change_maintenance_mode(ctx)
    # mgr module reads the string emitted here from stderr
    sys.stderr.write(msg + '\n')
    sys.stderr.flush()
    if msg.startswith('fail'):
        return 1
    return 0


def change_maintenance_mode(ctx: CephadmContext) -> str:
    if not ctx.fsid:
        raise Error('failed - must pass --fsid to specify cluster')

    target = f'ceph-{ctx.fsid}.target'

    if ctx.maintenance_action.lower() == 'enter':
        logger.info('Requested to place host into maintenance')
        if systemd_target_state(ctx, target):
            _out, _err, code = call(ctx,
                                    ['systemctl', 'disable', target],
                                    verbosity=CallVerbosity.DEBUG)
            if code:
                logger.error(f'Failed to disable the {target} target')
                return 'failed - to disable the target'
            else:
                # stopping a target waits by default
                _out, _err, code = call(ctx,
                                        ['systemctl', 'stop', target],
                                        verbosity=CallVerbosity.DEBUG)
                if code:
                    logger.error(f'Failed to stop the {target} target')
                    return 'failed - to disable the target'
                else:
                    return f'success - systemd target {target} disabled'

        else:
            return 'skipped - target already disabled'

    else:
        logger.info('Requested to exit maintenance state')
        # if we've never deployed a daemon on this host there will be no systemd
        # target to disable so attempting a disable will fail. We still need to
        # return success here or host will be permanently stuck in maintenance mode
        # as no daemons can be deployed so no systemd target will ever exist to disable.
        if not target_exists(ctx):
            return 'skipped - systemd target not present on this host. Host removed from maintenance mode.'
        # exit maintenance request
        if not systemd_target_state(ctx, target):
            _out, _err, code = call(ctx,
                                    ['systemctl', 'enable', target],
                                    verbosity=CallVerbosity.DEBUG)
            if code:
                logger.error(f'Failed to enable the {target} target')
                return 'failed - unable to enable the target'
            else:
                # starting a target waits by default
                _out, _err, code = call(ctx,
                                        ['systemctl', 'start', target],
                                        verbosity=CallVerbosity.DEBUG)
                if code:
                    logger.error(f'Failed to start the {target} target')
                    return 'failed - unable to start the target'
                else:
                    return f'success - systemd target {target} enabled and started'
        return f'success - systemd target {target} enabled and started'

##################################


class ArgumentFacade:
    def __init__(self) -> None:
        self.defaults: Dict[str, Any] = {}

    def add_argument(self, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
        if not args:
            raise ValueError('expected at least one argument')
        name = args[0]
        if not name.startswith('--'):
            raise ValueError(f'expected long option, got: {name!r}')
        name = name[2:].replace('-', '_')
        value = kwargs.pop('default', None)
        self.defaults[name] = value

    def apply(self, ctx: CephadmContext) -> None:
        for key, value in self.defaults.items():
            setattr(ctx, key, value)


def _add_deploy_parser_args(
    parser_deploy: Union[argparse.ArgumentParser, ArgumentFacade],
) -> None:
    parser_deploy.add_argument(
        '--config', '-c',
        help='config file for new daemon')
    parser_deploy.add_argument(
        '--config-json',
        help='Additional configuration information in JSON format')
    parser_deploy.add_argument(
        '--keyring',
        help='keyring for new daemon')
    parser_deploy.add_argument(
        '--key',
        help='key for new daemon')
    parser_deploy.add_argument(
        '--osd-fsid',
        help='OSD uuid, if creating an OSD container')
    parser_deploy.add_argument(
        '--skip-firewalld',
        action='store_true',
        help='Do not configure firewalld')
    parser_deploy.add_argument(
        '--tcp-ports',
        help='List of tcp ports to open in the host firewall')
    parser_deploy.add_argument(
        '--port-ips',
        help='JSON dict mapping ports to IPs they need to be bound on'
    )
    parser_deploy.add_argument(
        '--reconfig',
        action='store_true',
        help='Reconfigure a previously deployed daemon')
    parser_deploy.add_argument(
        '--allow-ptrace',
        action='store_true',
        help='Allow SYS_PTRACE on daemon container')
    parser_deploy.add_argument(
        '--container-init',
        action='store_true',
        default=CONTAINER_INIT,
        help=argparse.SUPPRESS)
    parser_deploy.add_argument(
        '--memory-request',
        help='Container memory request/target'
    )
    parser_deploy.add_argument(
        '--memory-limit',
        help='Container memory hard limit'
    )
    parser_deploy.add_argument(
        '--meta-json',
        help='JSON dict of additional metadata'
    )
    parser_deploy.add_argument(
        '--extra-container-args',
        action='append',
        default=[],
        help='Additional container arguments to apply to daemon'
    )
    parser_deploy.add_argument(
        '--extra-entrypoint-args',
        action='append',
        default=[],
        help='Additional entrypoint arguments to apply to deamon'
    )


def _name_opts(parser: argparse.ArgumentParser) -> None:
    ng = parser.add_mutually_exclusive_group(required=True)
    ng.add_argument(
        '--name',
        '-n',
        help='daemon name (type.id)',
    )
    ng.add_argument(
        '--infer-name',
        '-i',
        help='daemon name search (type[.partial_id])',
    )


def _get_parser():
    # type: () -> argparse.ArgumentParser
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
        description='Bootstrap Ceph daemons with systemd and containers.',
        formatter_class=argparse.ArgumentDefaultsHelpFormatter)
    parser.add_argument(
        '--image',
        help='container image. Can also be set via the "CEPHADM_IMAGE" '
        'env var')
    parser.add_argument(
        '--docker',
        action='store_true',
        help='use docker instead of podman')
    parser.add_argument(
        '--data-dir',
        default=DATA_DIR,
        help='base directory for daemon data')
    parser.add_argument(
        '--log-dir',
        default=LOG_DIR,
        help='base directory for daemon logs')
    parser.add_argument(
        '--logrotate-dir',
        default=LOGROTATE_DIR,
        help='location of logrotate configuration files')
    parser.add_argument(
        '--sysctl-dir',
        default=SYSCTL_DIR,
        help='location of sysctl configuration files')
    parser.add_argument(
        '--unit-dir',
        default=UNIT_DIR,
        help='base directory for systemd units')
    parser.add_argument(
        '--verbose', '-v',
        action='store_true',
        help='Show debug-level log messages')
    parser.add_argument(
        '--log-dest',
        action='append',
        choices=[v.name for v in LogDestination],
        help='select one or more destination for persistent logging')
    parser.add_argument(
        '--timeout',
        type=int,
        default=DEFAULT_TIMEOUT,
        help='timeout in seconds')
    parser.add_argument(
        '--retry',
        type=int,
        default=DEFAULT_RETRY,
        help='max number of retries')
    parser.add_argument(
        '--env', '-e',
        action='append',
        default=[],
        help='set environment variable')
    parser.add_argument(
        '--no-container-init',
        action='store_true',
        default=not CONTAINER_INIT,
        help='Do not run podman/docker with `--init`')
    parser.add_argument(
        '--no-cgroups-split',
        action='store_true',
        default=False,
        help='Do not run containers with --cgroups=split (currently only relevant when using podman)')

    subparsers = parser.add_subparsers(help='sub-command')

    parser_version = subparsers.add_parser(
        'version', help='get cephadm version')
    parser_version.set_defaults(func=command_version)
    parser_version.add_argument(
        '--verbose',
        action='store_true',
        help='Detailed version information',
    )

    parser_pull = subparsers.add_parser(
        'pull',
        help='pull a ceph container image (will pull the default image if --image not provided)',
        usage='cephadm pull (for default image) | cephadm --image <image-name> pull (for custom ceph image)')
    parser_pull.set_defaults(func=command_pull)
    parser_pull.add_argument(
        '--insecure',
        action='store_true',
        help=argparse.SUPPRESS,
    )

    parser_inspect_image = subparsers.add_parser(
        'inspect-image', help='inspect local container image')
    parser_inspect_image.set_defaults(func=command_inspect_image)

    parser_ls = subparsers.add_parser(
        'ls', help='list daemon instances on this host')
    parser_ls.set_defaults(func=command_ls)
    parser_ls.add_argument(
        '--no-detail',
        action='store_true',
        help='Do not include daemon status')
    parser_ls.add_argument(
        '--legacy-dir',
        default='/',
        help='base directory for legacy daemon data')
    parser_ls.add_argument(
        '--name', '-n',
        help='Only get data for specific daemon. Format of daemon name: (type.id)')

    parser_list_networks = subparsers.add_parser(
        'list-networks', help='list IP networks')
    parser_list_networks.set_defaults(func=command_list_networks)

    parser_adopt = subparsers.add_parser(
        'adopt', help='adopt daemon deployed with a different tool')
    parser_adopt.set_defaults(func=command_adopt)
    parser_adopt.add_argument(
        '--name', '-n',
        required=True,
        help='daemon name (type.id)')
    parser_adopt.add_argument(
        '--style',
        required=True,
        help='deployment style (legacy, ...)')
    parser_adopt.add_argument(
        '--cluster',
        default='ceph',
        help='cluster name')
    parser_adopt.add_argument(
        '--legacy-dir',
        default='/',
        help='base directory for legacy daemon data')
    parser_adopt.add_argument(
        '--config-json',
        help='Additional configuration information in JSON format')
    parser_adopt.add_argument(
        '--skip-firewalld',
        action='store_true',
        help='Do not configure firewalld')
    parser_adopt.add_argument(
        '--skip-pull',
        action='store_true',
        help='do not pull the default image before adopting')
    parser_adopt.add_argument(
        '--force-start',
        action='store_true',
        help='start newly adopted daemon, even if it was not running previously')
    parser_adopt.add_argument(
        '--container-init',
        action='store_true',
        default=CONTAINER_INIT,
        help=argparse.SUPPRESS)
    parser_adopt.add_argument(
        '--no-cgroups-split',
        action='store_true',
        default=False,
        help='Do not run containers with --cgroups=split (currently only relevant when using podman)')

    parser_rm_daemon = subparsers.add_parser(
        'rm-daemon', help='remove daemon instance')
    parser_rm_daemon.set_defaults(func=command_rm_daemon)
    parser_rm_daemon.add_argument(
        '--name', '-n',
        required=True,
        action=CustomValidation,
        help='daemon name (type.id)')
    parser_rm_daemon.add_argument(
        '--tcp-ports',
        help='List of tcp ports to close in the host firewall')
    parser_rm_daemon.add_argument(
        '--fsid',
        required=True,
        help='cluster FSID')
    parser_rm_daemon.add_argument(
        '--force',
        action='store_true',
        help='proceed, even though this may destroy valuable data')
    parser_rm_daemon.add_argument(
        '--force-delete-data',
        action='store_true',
        help='delete valuable daemon data instead of making a backup')

    parser_rm_cluster = subparsers.add_parser(
        'rm-cluster', help='remove all daemons for a cluster')
    parser_rm_cluster.set_defaults(func=command_rm_cluster)
    parser_rm_cluster.add_argument(
        '--fsid',
        required=True,
        help='cluster FSID')
    parser_rm_cluster.add_argument(
        '--force',
        action='store_true',
        help='proceed, even though this may destroy valuable data')
    parser_rm_cluster.add_argument(
        '--keep-logs',
        action='store_true',
        help='do not remove log files')
    parser_rm_cluster.add_argument(
        '--zap-osds',
        action='store_true',
        help='zap OSD devices for this cluster')

    parser_run = subparsers.add_parser(
        'run', help='run a ceph daemon, in a container, in the foreground')
    parser_run.set_defaults(func=command_run)
    parser_run.add_argument(
        '--name', '-n',
        required=True,
        help='daemon name (type.id)')
    parser_run.add_argument(
        '--fsid',
        required=True,
        help='cluster FSID')

    parser_shell = subparsers.add_parser(
        'shell', help='run an interactive shell inside a daemon container')
    parser_shell.set_defaults(func=command_shell)
    parser_shell.add_argument(
        '--shared_ceph_folder',
        metavar='CEPH_SOURCE_FOLDER',
        help='Development mode. Several folders in containers are volumes mapped to different sub-folders in the ceph source folder')
    parser_shell.add_argument(
        '--fsid',
        help='cluster FSID')
    parser_shell.add_argument(
        '--name', '-n',
        help='daemon name (type.id)')
    parser_shell.add_argument(
        '--config', '-c',
        help='ceph.conf to pass through to the container')
    parser_shell.add_argument(
        '--keyring', '-k',
        help='ceph.keyring to pass through to the container')
    parser_shell.add_argument(
        '--mount', '-m',
        help=('mount a file or directory in the container. '
              'Support multiple mounts. '
              'ie: `--mount /foo /bar:/bar`. '
              'When no destination is passed, default is /mnt'),
        nargs='+')
    parser_shell.add_argument(
        '--env', '-e',
        action='append',
        default=[],
        help='set environment variable')
    parser_shell.add_argument(
        '--volume', '-v',
        action='append',
        default=[],
        help='mount a volume')
    parser_shell.add_argument(
        'command', nargs=argparse.REMAINDER,
        help='command (optional)')
    parser_shell.add_argument(
        '--no-hosts',
        action='store_true',
        help='dont pass /etc/hosts through to the container')
    parser_shell.add_argument(
        '--dry-run',
        action='store_true',
        help='print, but do not execute, the container command to start the shell')

    parser_enter = subparsers.add_parser(
        'enter', help='run an interactive shell inside a running daemon container')
    parser_enter.set_defaults(func=command_enter)
    parser_enter.add_argument(
        '--fsid',
        help='cluster FSID')
    _name_opts(parser_enter)
    parser_enter.add_argument(
        '--dry-run',
        action='store_true',
        help='print, but do not execute, the command to enter the container')
    parser_enter.add_argument(
        'command', nargs=argparse.REMAINDER,
        help='command')

    parser_ceph_volume = subparsers.add_parser(
        'ceph-volume', help='run ceph-volume inside a container')
    parser_ceph_volume.set_defaults(func=command_ceph_volume)
    parser_ceph_volume.add_argument(
        '--shared_ceph_folder',
        metavar='CEPH_SOURCE_FOLDER',
        help='Development mode. Several folders in containers are volumes mapped to different sub-folders in the ceph source folder')
    parser_ceph_volume.add_argument(
        '--fsid',
        help='cluster FSID')
    parser_ceph_volume.add_argument(
        '--config-json',
        help='JSON file with config and (client.bootstrap-osd) key')
    parser_ceph_volume.add_argument(
        '--config', '-c',
        help='ceph conf file')
    parser_ceph_volume.add_argument(
        '--keyring', '-k',
        help='ceph.keyring to pass through to the container')
    parser_ceph_volume.add_argument(
        'command', nargs=argparse.REMAINDER,
        help='command')

    parser_zap_osds = subparsers.add_parser(
        'zap-osds', help='zap all OSDs associated with a particular fsid')
    parser_zap_osds.set_defaults(func=command_zap_osds)
    parser_zap_osds.add_argument(
        '--fsid',
        required=True,
        help='cluster FSID')
    parser_zap_osds.add_argument(
        '--force',
        action='store_true',
        help='proceed, even though this may destroy valuable data')

    parser_unit = subparsers.add_parser(
        'unit', help="operate on the daemon's systemd unit")
    parser_unit.set_defaults(func=command_unit)
    parser_unit.add_argument(
        'command',
        help='systemd command (start, stop, restart, enable, disable, ...)')
    parser_unit.add_argument(
        '--fsid',
        help='cluster FSID')
    parser_unit.add_argument(
        '--dry-run',
        action='store_true',
        help='print, but do not execute, the unit command')
    _name_opts(parser_unit)

    parser_unit_install = subparsers.add_parser(
        'unit-install', help="Install the daemon's systemd unit")
    parser_unit_install.set_defaults(func=command_unit_install)
    parser_unit_install.add_argument(
        '--fsid',
        help='cluster FSID')
    _name_opts(parser_unit_install)

    parser_logs = subparsers.add_parser(
        'logs', help='print journald logs for a daemon container')
    parser_logs.set_defaults(func=command_logs)
    parser_logs.add_argument(
        '--fsid',
        help='cluster FSID')
    _name_opts(parser_logs)
    parser_logs.add_argument(
        '--dry-run',
        action='store_true',
        help='print, but do not execute, the command to show the logs')
    parser_logs.add_argument(
        'command', nargs='*',
        help='additional journalctl args')

    parser_bootstrap = subparsers.add_parser(
        'bootstrap', help='bootstrap a cluster (mon + mgr daemons)')
    parser_bootstrap.set_defaults(func=command_bootstrap)
    parser_bootstrap.add_argument(
        '--config', '-c',
        help='ceph conf file to incorporate')
    parser_bootstrap.add_argument(
        '--mon-id',
        required=False,
        help='mon id (default: local hostname)')
    group = parser_bootstrap.add_mutually_exclusive_group()
    group.add_argument(
        '--mon-addrv',
        help='mon IPs (e.g., [v2:localipaddr:3300,v1:localipaddr:6789])')
    group.add_argument(
        '--mon-ip',
        help='mon IP')
    parser_bootstrap.add_argument(
        '--mgr-id',
        required=False,
        help='mgr id (default: randomly generated)')
    parser_bootstrap.add_argument(
        '--fsid',
        help='cluster FSID')
    parser_bootstrap.add_argument(
        '--output-dir',
        default='/etc/ceph',
        help='directory to write config, keyring, and pub key files')
    parser_bootstrap.add_argument(
        '--output-keyring',
        help='location to write keyring file with new cluster admin and mon keys')
    parser_bootstrap.add_argument(
        '--output-config',
        help='location to write conf file to connect to new cluster')
    parser_bootstrap.add_argument(
        '--output-pub-ssh-key',
        help="location to write the cluster's public SSH key")
    parser_bootstrap.add_argument(
        '--skip-admin-label',
        action='store_true',
        help='do not create admin label for ceph.conf and client.admin keyring distribution')
    parser_bootstrap.add_argument(
        '--skip-ssh',
        action='store_true',
        help='skip setup of ssh key on local host')
    parser_bootstrap.add_argument(
        '--initial-dashboard-user',
        default='admin',
        help='Initial user for the dashboard')
    parser_bootstrap.add_argument(
        '--initial-dashboard-password',
        help='Initial password for the initial dashboard user')
    parser_bootstrap.add_argument(
        '--ssl-dashboard-port',
        type=int,
        default=8443,
        help='Port number used to connect with dashboard using SSL')
    parser_bootstrap.add_argument(
        '--dashboard-key',
        type=argparse.FileType('r'),
        help='Dashboard key')
    parser_bootstrap.add_argument(
        '--dashboard-crt',
        type=argparse.FileType('r'),
        help='Dashboard certificate')

    parser_bootstrap.add_argument(
        '--ssh-config',
        type=argparse.FileType('r'),
        help='SSH config')
    parser_bootstrap.add_argument(
        '--ssh-private-key',
        type=argparse.FileType('r'),
        help='SSH private key')
    parser_bootstrap.add_argument(
        '--ssh-public-key',
        type=argparse.FileType('r'),
        help='SSH public key')
    parser_bootstrap.add_argument(
        '--ssh-signed-cert',
        type=argparse.FileType('r'),
        help='Signed cert for setups using CA signed SSH keys')
    parser_bootstrap.add_argument(
        '--ssh-user',
        default='root',
        help='set user for SSHing to cluster hosts, passwordless sudo will be needed for non-root users')
    parser_bootstrap.add_argument(
        '--skip-mon-network',
        action='store_true',
        help='set mon public_network based on bootstrap mon ip')
    parser_bootstrap.add_argument(
        '--skip-dashboard',
        action='store_true',
        help='do not enable the Ceph Dashboard')
    parser_bootstrap.add_argument(
        '--dashboard-password-noupdate',
        action='store_true',
        help='stop forced dashboard password change')
    parser_bootstrap.add_argument(
        '--no-minimize-config',
        action='store_true',
        help='do not assimilate and minimize the config file')
    parser_bootstrap.add_argument(
        '--skip-ping-check',
        action='store_true',
        help='do not verify that mon IP is pingable')
    parser_bootstrap.add_argument(
        '--skip-pull',
        action='store_true',
        help='do not pull the default image before bootstrapping')
    parser_bootstrap.add_argument(
        '--skip-firewalld',
        action='store_true',
        help='Do not configure firewalld')
    parser_bootstrap.add_argument(
        '--allow-overwrite',
        action='store_true',
        help='allow overwrite of existing --output-* config/keyring/ssh files')
    parser_bootstrap.add_argument(
        '--no-cleanup-on-failure',
        action='store_true',
        default=False,
        help='Do not delete cluster files in case of a failed installation')
    parser_bootstrap.add_argument(
        '--allow-fqdn-hostname',
        action='store_true',
        help='allow hostname that is fully-qualified (contains ".")')
    parser_bootstrap.add_argument(
        '--allow-mismatched-release',
        action='store_true',
        help="allow bootstrap of ceph that doesn't match this version of cephadm")
    parser_bootstrap.add_argument(
        '--skip-prepare-host',
        action='store_true',
        help='Do not prepare host')
    parser_bootstrap.add_argument(
        '--orphan-initial-daemons',
        action='store_true',
        help='Set mon and mgr service to `unmanaged`, Do not create the crash service')
    parser_bootstrap.add_argument(
        '--skip-monitoring-stack',
        action='store_true',
        help='Do not automatically provision monitoring stack (prometheus, grafana, alertmanager, node-exporter)')
    parser_bootstrap.add_argument(
        '--with-centralized-logging',
        action='store_true',
        help='Automatically provision centralized logging (promtail, loki)')
    parser_bootstrap.add_argument(
        '--apply-spec',
        help='Apply cluster spec after bootstrap (copy ssh key, add hosts and apply services)')
    parser_bootstrap.add_argument(
        '--shared_ceph_folder',
        metavar='CEPH_SOURCE_FOLDER',
        help='Development mode. Several folders in containers are volumes mapped to different sub-folders in the ceph source folder')

    parser_bootstrap.add_argument(
        '--registry-url',
        help='url for custom registry')
    parser_bootstrap.add_argument(
        '--registry-username',
        help='username for custom registry')
    parser_bootstrap.add_argument(
        '--registry-password',
        help='password for custom registry')
    parser_bootstrap.add_argument(
        '--registry-json',
        help='json file with custom registry login info (URL, Username, Password)')
    parser_bootstrap.add_argument(
        '--container-init',
        action='store_true',
        default=CONTAINER_INIT,
        help=argparse.SUPPRESS)
    parser_bootstrap.add_argument(
        '--cluster-network',
        help='subnet to use for cluster replication, recovery and heartbeats (in CIDR notation network/mask)')
    parser_bootstrap.add_argument(
        '--single-host-defaults',
        action='store_true',
        help='adjust configuration defaults to suit a single-host cluster')
    parser_bootstrap.add_argument(
        '--log-to-file',
        action='store_true',
        help='configure cluster to log to traditional log files in /var/log/ceph/$fsid')
    parser_bootstrap.add_argument(
        '--deploy-cephadm-agent',
        action='store_true',
        help='deploy the cephadm-agent')
    parser_bootstrap.add_argument(
        '--custom-prometheus-alerts',
        help='provide a file with custom prometheus alerts')

    parser_deploy = subparsers.add_parser(
        'deploy', help='deploy a daemon')
    parser_deploy.set_defaults(func=command_deploy)
    parser_deploy.add_argument(
        '--name',
        required=True,
        action=CustomValidation,
        help='daemon name (type.id)')
    parser_deploy.add_argument(
        '--fsid',
        required=True,
        help='cluster FSID')
    _add_deploy_parser_args(parser_deploy)

    parser_orch = subparsers.add_parser(
        '_orch',
    )
    subparsers_orch = parser_orch.add_subparsers(
        title='Orchestrator Driven Commands',
        description='Commands that are typically only run by cephadm mgr module',
    )

    parser_deploy_from = subparsers_orch.add_parser(
        'deploy', help='deploy a daemon')
    parser_deploy_from.set_defaults(func=command_deploy_from)
    # currently cephadm mgr module passes an fsid option on the CLI too
    # TODO: remove this and always source fsid from the JSON?
    parser_deploy_from.add_argument(
        '--fsid',
        help='cluster FSID')
    parser_deploy_from.add_argument(
        'source',
        default='-',
        nargs='?',
        help='Configuration input source file',
    )

    parser_check_host = subparsers.add_parser(
        'check-host', help='check host configuration')
    parser_check_host.set_defaults(func=command_check_host)
    parser_check_host.add_argument(
        '--expect-hostname',
        help='Check that hostname matches an expected value')

    parser_prepare_host = subparsers.add_parser(
        'prepare-host', help='prepare a host for cephadm use')
    parser_prepare_host.set_defaults(func=command_prepare_host)
    parser_prepare_host.add_argument(
        '--expect-hostname',
        help='Set hostname')

    parser_add_repo = subparsers.add_parser(
        'add-repo', help='configure package repository')
    parser_add_repo.set_defaults(func=command_add_repo)
    parser_add_repo.add_argument(
        '--release',
        help='use latest version of a named release (e.g., {})'.format(LATEST_STABLE_RELEASE))
    parser_add_repo.add_argument(
        '--version',
        help='use specific upstream version (x.y.z)')
    parser_add_repo.add_argument(
        '--dev',
        help='use specified bleeding edge build from git branch or tag')
    parser_add_repo.add_argument(
        '--dev-commit',
        help='use specified bleeding edge build from git commit')
    parser_add_repo.add_argument(
        '--gpg-url',
        help='specify alternative GPG key location')
    parser_add_repo.add_argument(
        '--repo-url',
        default='https://download.ceph.com',
        help='specify alternative repo location')
    # TODO: proxy?

    parser_rm_repo = subparsers.add_parser(
        'rm-repo', help='remove package repository configuration')
    parser_rm_repo.set_defaults(func=command_rm_repo)

    parser_install = subparsers.add_parser(
        'install', help='install ceph package(s)')
    parser_install.set_defaults(func=command_install)
    parser_install.add_argument(
        'packages', nargs='*',
        default=['cephadm'],
        help='packages')

    parser_registry_login = subparsers.add_parser(
        'registry-login', help='log host into authenticated registry')
    parser_registry_login.set_defaults(func=command_registry_login)
    parser_registry_login.add_argument(
        '--registry-url',
        help='url for custom registry')
    parser_registry_login.add_argument(
        '--registry-username',
        help='username for custom registry')
    parser_registry_login.add_argument(
        '--registry-password',
        help='password for custom registry')
    parser_registry_login.add_argument(
        '--registry-json',
        help='json file with custom registry login info (URL, Username, Password)')
    parser_registry_login.add_argument(
        '--fsid',
        help='cluster FSID')

    parser_gather_facts = subparsers.add_parser(
        'gather-facts', help='gather and return host related information (JSON format)')
    parser_gather_facts.set_defaults(func=command_gather_facts)

    parser_maintenance = subparsers.add_parser(
        'host-maintenance', help='Manage the maintenance state of a host')
    parser_maintenance.add_argument(
        '--fsid',
        help='cluster FSID')
    parser_maintenance.add_argument(
        'maintenance_action',
        type=str,
        choices=['enter', 'exit'],
        help='Maintenance action - enter maintenance, or exit maintenance')
    parser_maintenance.set_defaults(func=command_maintenance)

    parser_agent = subparsers.add_parser(
        'agent', help='start cephadm agent')
    parser_agent.set_defaults(func=command_agent)
    parser_agent.add_argument(
        '--fsid',
        required=True,
        help='cluster FSID')
    parser_agent.add_argument(
        '--daemon-id',
        help='daemon id for agent')

    parser_disk_rescan = subparsers.add_parser(
        'disk-rescan', help='rescan all HBAs to detect new/removed devices')
    parser_disk_rescan.set_defaults(func=command_rescan_disks)

    parser_list_images = subparsers.add_parser(
        'list-images', help='list all the default images')
    parser_list_images.set_defaults(func=command_list_images)

    parser_update_service = subparsers.add_parser(
        'update-osd-service', help='update service for provided daemon')
    parser_update_service.set_defaults(func=command_update_osd_service)
    parser_update_service.add_argument('--fsid', help='cluster FSID')
    parser_update_service.add_argument('--osd-ids', required=True, help='Comma-separated OSD IDs')
    parser_update_service.add_argument('--service-name', required=True, help='OSD service name')

    return parser


def _parse_args(av: List[str]) -> argparse.Namespace:
    parser = _get_parser()

    args = parser.parse_args(av)
    if 'command' in args and args.command and args.command[0] == '--':
        args.command.pop(0)

    # workaround argparse to deprecate the subparser `--container-init` flag
    # container_init and no_container_init must always be mutually exclusive
    container_init_args = ('--container-init', '--no-container-init')
    if set(container_init_args).issubset(av):
        parser.error('argument %s: not allowed with argument %s' % (container_init_args))
    elif '--container-init' in av:
        args.no_container_init = not args.container_init
    else:
        args.container_init = not args.no_container_init
    assert args.container_init is not args.no_container_init

    return args


def cephadm_init_ctx(args: List[str]) -> CephadmContext:
    ctx = CephadmContext()
    ctx.set_args(_parse_args(args))
    return ctx


def cephadm_require_root() -> None:
    """Exit if the process is not running as root."""
    if os.geteuid() != 0:
        sys.stderr.write('ERROR: cephadm should be run as root\n')
        sys.exit(1)


def main() -> None:
    av: List[str] = []
    av = sys.argv[1:]

    ctx = cephadm_init_ctx(av)
    if not ctx.has_function():
        sys.stderr.write('No command specified; pass -h or --help for usage\n')
        sys.exit(1)

    if ctx.has_function() and getattr(ctx.func, '_execute_early', False):
        try:
            sys.exit(ctx.func(ctx))
        except Error as e:
            if ctx.verbose:
                raise
            logger.error('ERROR: %s' % e)
            sys.exit(1)

    cephadm_require_root()
    cephadm_init_logging(ctx, logger, av)
    try:
        # podman or docker?
        ctx.container_engine = find_container_engine(ctx)
        if ctx.func not in \
                [
                    command_check_host,
                    command_prepare_host,
                    command_add_repo,
                    command_rm_repo,
                    command_install,
                    command_bootstrap
                ]:
            check_container_engine(ctx)
        # command handler
        r = ctx.func(ctx)
    except (Error, ClusterAlreadyExists) as e:
        if ctx.verbose:
            raise
        logger.error('ERROR: %s' % e)
        sys.exit(1)
    if not r:
        r = 0
    sys.exit(r)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()
