---
title: Lecture 14：状语从句
tags:
  - 英语
  - 语法
categories: 
date: 2024-03-18
---
---
## 14.1 状语从句基础概念
### 14.1.1 什么是状语从句 
**状语从句概述**
+ 概述：
	+ 一个句子作为状语；
+ 状语：
	+ 状：不可名状 -> 没有办法用语言来描述；
	+ 所以状：表示解释、描述；
+ 状语从句：
	+ 一个句子作状语，表达“描述性的信息”，补充说明另一个句子（主句）；
	+ 补充信息的描述可以是时间、结果、地点等；

### 14.1.2 状语从句的写法 
**状语从句的结构**
+ 结构：
	+ ![[Pasted image 20240319120240.png]]
+ 从属连词：
	+ 1. 后背的句子是完整的陈述句，简单就可以写出来；
	+ 2. 从属连词表示什么意思，这句话就表达什么意思；

**举例**
+ *<u>When</u> ==the United States built its industrial infrastructure==, it didn't have the capital to do so.*
	+ 前面的 *When the United States built its industrial infrastructure* 用于补充说明后背的"没有能力做这件事"；
	+ 这里的 when 构成时间状语从句；
+ *We did not evolve, <u>because</u> ==machines and societu did it for us==.*
	+ 因为由 because 连接，所以表示原因状语从句；

### 14.1.3 状语从句的位置
**状语从句的位置**：围绕着主句，可以在主句的前面、后面、中间，意思一样，使用时推荐使用主句前和主句中；

**三种位置之**：主句前
+ *<u>As</u> ==the economy picks up==, opportunities will abound for aspiring leaders.*
	+ As 引出的时间状语从句；


**三种位置之**：主句后
+ *Opportunities will abound for aspiring leaders, <u>as</u> ==the economy picks up==.*


**三种位置之**：主句中
+ *Opportunities, <u>as</u> ==the economy picks up==, will abound for aspiring leaders.*

## 14.2 状语从句的分类
**九种分类**
1. **时间状语从句**
2. 地点状语从句
3. **原因状语从句**
4. **结果状语从句**
5. 目的状语从句
6. **条件状语从句**
7. **让步状语从句**
8. 比较状语从句
9. 方式状语从句

**概念**：状语从句的分类，和后背的句子没什么关系，主要就是看前面的从属连词。从属连词使用什么，就属于什么状语从句；

### 14.2.1 时间状语从句 
**时间状语从句**：
+ when / while /as
+ before / after 
+ Since / until 
+ As soon as 
+ By the time
+ each time /every thme 
+ The next time

**举例**
+ *But in some cases, one marketer's owned media become another marketer's paid media-for instance, <u>when</u> ==an e-commerce retailer sells ad space on its Web site==.*
	+ 但在某些情况下，一个营销人员的自有媒体会成为另一个营销人员的付费媒体——例如，当电子商务零售商在其网站上出售广告位时；
	+ 这里的 when 引出时间状语从句； 
+ *In 1995 the United States can look back on five years of solid growth <u>while</u> ==Japan has been struggling==*
+ *Communities throughout New England have been attempting to regulate short-term rentals <u>since</u> ==sites like Airbnb took off in the 2010 s==.*
	+ 自从像 Airbnb 这种网站起飞后；
+ *...<u>by the time</u> 100 percent of the evidence is in, it may be too late.*

### 14.2.2 地点状语从句 
**地点状语从句**：where 

**举例**
+ *Now, rivals will be charging sales tax <u>where</u> ==they hadn't before==.*


### 14.2.3 原因状语从句
**原因状语从句**：
+ because 
+ Since 
+ As 
+ Now that
+ In that：因为...

**举例**
+ *However, <u>because</u> ==these connections are made through effort and practice==, scientists believe that intelligence can expand and fluctuate according to mental effort.*
	+ because：原因状语从句
+ *<u>Now that</u> ==you have developed a topic into a tentative thesis==, you can assemble your notes and begin to flesh out whatever outlineyou have made.*

### 14.2.4 结果状语从句 
**结果状语从句**：注意不是一个词，而是词组
+ such… that…. 
	+ 后面接名词与名词词组；
+ So… that… 
	+ 后面接形容词、副词；
+ So that….
	+ 表示所以；

**举例**
+ *We define such sold media as owned media whose traffic is <u>so</u> strong <u>that</u> other organizations place their content or e-commerce engines within that environment.*
	+ traffic：即可表示交通，也可以表示流量（明星、商品）
	+ so 后背接形容词：strong；
+ *Transitions should connect one paragraph to the next <u>so that</u> there are no abrupt or confusing shifts.*

### 14.2.5 目的状语从句 
**目的状语从句**：一般表示目的的时候，句子当中会有情态动词 -> 表示一种可能性，而不是结果，所以使用 so that 的时候是目的状语从句而不是结果状语从句；
+ so that….. 
+ In order that…..

**举例**
+ *In December 2010 America's Federal Trade Commission (FTC) proposed adding a“do not track”(DNT) option to internet browsers, <u>so that</u> ==users could tell advertisers that they did not want to be followed==.*
	+ so that + could：表示目的状语从句；

### 14.2.6 条件状语从句
**条件状语从句**：
+ if
+ unless：如果不、除非
+ once 
+ as long as / so long as

**举例**
+ *<u>If</u> ==connections can be bought==, a basic premise of democratic society... Is undermined*
+ *The US Supreme Court frowns on sex-based classifications <u>unless</u> ==they are designed to address an “important” policy interest==.*
+ *If you see a conversation as a fight or competition, you can win by cheating <u>as long as</u> ==you don't get caught==.*

### 14.2.7 让步状语从句
**让步状语从句**：让步 -> 明着的意思是让步，**暗含着的是转折**的意思；虽然...、尽管... + 但是...
+ although / though 
+ even if / even though 
+ while

**举例**
+ *The defining term of intelligence in humans still seems to be the IQ score, <u>even though</u> ==IQ tests are not given as often as they used to be==.*
	+ even though：尽管 IQ 测试并没有被给出、和过去相比一样的频繁；
+ *<u>While</u> ==the quality of legal journalism varies greatly==, there is an undue reliance amongst many journalists on interpretations supplied to them by lawyers.*
	+ 尽管法律的记录质量差异很大，但它们都依靠法律记者对他们基于一样法律的解释；

### 12.2.8 比较状语从句
**比较状语从句**：
+ than：用于比较级
+ as：专门用于同级比较

**举例**
+ *But phones run on batteries, and batteries can die faster <u>than</u> we realize.*
	+ than 引出比较状语从句；
+ *In the general population today, at this genetic, environmental level, we've pretty much gone as far <u>as</u> ==we can go==...*

### 12.2.9 方式状语从句
**方式状语从句**：
+ as：按照... 方式做；
+ as if：似乎/好像是以... 方式做的；

**举例**
+ *During most of his walking life he will take his code for granted. <u>as</u> the businessman takes his ethics.*

**总结**：as 的使用
+ 核心：作从属连词，引导状语从句；
+ 分类：
	+ 时间状语从句：当……时候
	+ 原因状语从句：因为……
	+ 比较状语从句：和……相比较
	+ 方式状语从句：按照……方式，如同……

## 14.3 总结
1. 状语从句的概述
	(1)状语从句的含义: 一个句子作状语，表达描述性的信息。
	(2)状语从句的写法: 从属连词+一个完整的陈述句。
	(3)状语从句的位置: 主句前、主句后、主句中。
2. 状语从句的分类共九种，属于哪种类型，取决于从属连词的含义；