# Copyright (c) MONAI Consortium
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

from __future__ import annotations

import logging
import warnings
from collections.abc import Callable
from typing import TYPE_CHECKING

import torch

from monai.data import CSVSaver, decollate_batch
from monai.utils import IgniteInfo
from monai.utils import ImageMetaKey as Key
from monai.utils import evenly_divisible_all_gather, min_version, optional_import, string_list_all_gather

idist, _ = optional_import("ignite", IgniteInfo.OPT_IMPORT_VERSION, min_version, "distributed")
Events, _ = optional_import("ignite.engine", IgniteInfo.OPT_IMPORT_VERSION, min_version, "Events")
if TYPE_CHECKING:
    from ignite.engine import Engine
else:
    Engine, _ = optional_import("ignite.engine", IgniteInfo.OPT_IMPORT_VERSION, min_version, "Engine")


class ClassificationSaver:
    """
    Event handler triggered on completing every iteration to save the classification predictions as CSV file.
    If running in distributed data parallel, only saves CSV file in the specified rank.

    """

    def __init__(
        self,
        output_dir: str = "./",
        filename: str = "predictions.csv",
        delimiter: str = ",",
        overwrite: bool = True,
        batch_transform: Callable = lambda x: x,
        output_transform: Callable = lambda x: x,
        name: str | None = None,
        save_rank: int = 0,
        saver: CSVSaver | None = None,
    ) -> None:
        """
        Args:
            output_dir: if `saver=None`, output CSV file directory.
            filename: if `saver=None`, name of the saved CSV file name.
            delimiter: the delimiter character in the saved file, default to "," as the default output type is `csv`.
                to be consistent with: https://docs.python.org/3/library/csv.html#csv.Dialect.delimiter.
            overwrite: if `saver=None`, whether to overwriting existing file content, if True,
                will clear the file before saving. otherwise, will append new content to the file.
            batch_transform: a callable that is used to extract the `meta_data` dictionary of
                the input images from `ignite.engine.state.batch`. the purpose is to get the input
                filenames from the `meta_data` and store with classification results together.
                `engine.state` and `batch_transform` inherit from the ignite concept:
                https://pytorch.org/ignite/concepts.html#state, explanation and usage example are in the tutorial:
                https://github.com/Project-MONAI/tutorials/blob/master/modules/batch_output_transform.ipynb.
            output_transform: a callable that is used to extract the model prediction data from
                `ignite.engine.state.output`. the first dimension of its output will be treated as
                the batch dimension. each item in the batch will be saved individually.
                `engine.state` and `output_transform` inherit from the ignite concept:
                https://pytorch.org/ignite/concepts.html#state, explanation and usage example are in the tutorial:
                https://github.com/Project-MONAI/tutorials/blob/master/modules/batch_output_transform.ipynb.
            name: identifier of logging.logger to use, defaulting to `engine.logger`.
            save_rank: only the handler on specified rank will save to CSV file in multi-gpus validation,
                default to 0.
            saver: the saver instance to save classification results, if None, create a CSVSaver internally.
                the saver must provide `save_batch(batch_data, meta_data)` and `finalize()` APIs.

        """
        self.save_rank = save_rank
        self.output_dir = output_dir
        self.filename = filename
        self.delimiter = delimiter
        self.overwrite = overwrite
        self.batch_transform = batch_transform
        self.output_transform = output_transform
        self.saver = saver

        self.logger = logging.getLogger(name)
        self._name = name
        self._outputs: list[torch.Tensor] = []
        self._filenames: list[str] = []

    def attach(self, engine: Engine) -> None:
        """
        Args:
            engine: Ignite Engine, it can be a trainer, validator or evaluator.
        """
        if self._name is None:
            self.logger = engine.logger
        if not engine.has_event_handler(self._started, Events.EPOCH_STARTED):
            engine.add_event_handler(Events.EPOCH_STARTED, self._started)
        if not engine.has_event_handler(self, Events.ITERATION_COMPLETED):
            engine.add_event_handler(Events.ITERATION_COMPLETED, self)
        if not engine.has_event_handler(self._finalize, Events.EPOCH_COMPLETED):
            engine.add_event_handler(Events.EPOCH_COMPLETED, self._finalize)

    def _started(self, _engine: Engine) -> None:
        """
        Initialize internal buffers.

        Args:
            _engine: Ignite Engine, unused argument.

        """
        self._outputs = []
        self._filenames = []

    def __call__(self, engine: Engine) -> None:
        """
        This method assumes self.batch_transform will extract metadata from the input batch.

        Args:
            engine: Ignite Engine, it can be a trainer, validator or evaluator.
        """
        meta_data = self.batch_transform(engine.state.batch)
        if isinstance(meta_data, dict):
            # decollate the `dictionary of list` to `list of dictionaries`
            meta_data = decollate_batch(meta_data)
        engine_output = self.output_transform(engine.state.output)
        for m, o in zip(meta_data, engine_output):
            self._filenames.append(f"{m.get(Key.FILENAME_OR_OBJ)}")
            if isinstance(o, torch.Tensor):
                o = o.detach()
            self._outputs.append(o)

    def _finalize(self, _engine: Engine) -> None:
        """
        All gather classification results from ranks and save to CSV file.

        Args:
            _engine: Ignite Engine, unused argument.
        """
        ws = idist.get_world_size()
        if self.save_rank >= ws:
            raise ValueError("target save rank is greater than the distributed group size.")

        outputs = torch.stack(self._outputs, dim=0)
        filenames = self._filenames
        if ws > 1:
            outputs = evenly_divisible_all_gather(outputs, concat=True)
            filenames = string_list_all_gather(filenames)

        if len(filenames) == 0:
            meta_dict = None
        else:
            if len(filenames) != len(outputs):
                warnings.warn(f"filenames length: {len(filenames)} doesn't match outputs length: {len(outputs)}.")
            meta_dict = {Key.FILENAME_OR_OBJ: filenames}

        # save to CSV file only in the expected rank
        if idist.get_rank() == self.save_rank:
            saver = self.saver or CSVSaver(
                output_dir=self.output_dir, filename=self.filename, overwrite=self.overwrite, delimiter=self.delimiter
            )
            saver.save_batch(outputs, meta_dict)
            saver.finalize()
