import enum
import logging
import ssl
import time
from types import TracebackType
from typing import (
    Any,
    AsyncIterable,
    AsyncIterator,
    List,
    Optional,
    Tuple,
    Type,
    Union,
)

import h11

from .._backends.base import AsyncNetworkStream
from .._exceptions import (
    ConnectionNotAvailable,
    LocalProtocolError,
    RemoteProtocolError,
    WriteError,
    map_exceptions,
)
from .._models import Origin, Request, Response
from .._synchronization import AsyncLock, AsyncShieldCancellation
from .._trace import Trace
from .interfaces import AsyncConnectionInterface

logger = logging.getLogger("httpcore.http11")


# A subset of `h11.Event` types supported by `_send_event`
H11SendEvent = Union[
    h11.Request,
    h11.Data,
    h11.EndOfMessage,
]


class HTTPConnectionState(enum.IntEnum):
    NEW = 0
    ACTIVE = 1
    IDLE = 2
    CLOSED = 3


class AsyncHTTP11Connection(AsyncConnectionInterface):
    READ_NUM_BYTES = 64 * 1024
    MAX_INCOMPLETE_EVENT_SIZE = 100 * 1024

    def __init__(
        self,
        origin: Origin,
        stream: AsyncNetworkStream,
        keepalive_expiry: Optional[float] = None,
    ) -> None:
        self._origin = origin
        self._network_stream = stream
        self._keepalive_expiry: Optional[float] = keepalive_expiry
        self._expire_at: Optional[float] = None
        self._state = HTTPConnectionState.NEW
        self._state_lock = AsyncLock()
        self._request_count = 0
        self._h11_state = h11.Connection(
            our_role=h11.CLIENT,
            max_incomplete_event_size=self.MAX_INCOMPLETE_EVENT_SIZE,
        )

    async def handle_async_request(self, request: Request) -> Response:
        if not self.can_handle_request(request.url.origin):
            raise RuntimeError(
                f"Attempted to send request to {request.url.origin} on connection "
                f"to {self._origin}"
            )

        async with self._state_lock:
            if self._state in (HTTPConnectionState.NEW, HTTPConnectionState.IDLE):
                self._request_count += 1
                self._state = HTTPConnectionState.ACTIVE
                self._expire_at = None
            else:
                raise ConnectionNotAvailable()

        try:
            kwargs = {"request": request}
            try:
                async with Trace(
                    "send_request_headers", logger, request, kwargs
                ) as trace:
                    await self._send_request_headers(**kwargs)
                async with Trace("send_request_body", logger, request, kwargs) as trace:
                    await self._send_request_body(**kwargs)
            except WriteError:
                # If we get a write error while we're writing the request,
                # then we supress this error and move on to attempting to
                # read the response. Servers can sometimes close the request
                # pre-emptively and then respond with a well formed HTTP
                # error response.
                pass

            async with Trace(
                "receive_response_headers", logger, request, kwargs
            ) as trace:
                (
                    http_version,
                    status,
                    reason_phrase,
                    headers,
                    trailing_data,
                ) = await self._receive_response_headers(**kwargs)
                trace.return_value = (
                    http_version,
                    status,
                    reason_phrase,
                    headers,
                )

            network_stream = self._network_stream

            # CONNECT or Upgrade request
            if (status == 101) or (
                (request.method == b"CONNECT") and (200 <= status < 300)
            ):
                network_stream = AsyncHTTP11UpgradeStream(network_stream, trailing_data)

            return Response(
                status=status,
                headers=headers,
                content=HTTP11ConnectionByteStream(self, request),
                extensions={
                    "http_version": http_version,
                    "reason_phrase": reason_phrase,
                    "network_stream": network_stream,
                },
            )
        except BaseException as exc:
            with AsyncShieldCancellation():
                async with Trace("response_closed", logger, request) as trace:
                    await self._response_closed()
            raise exc

    # Sending the request...

    async def _send_request_headers(self, request: Request) -> None:
        timeouts = request.extensions.get("timeout", {})
        timeout = timeouts.get("write", None)

        with map_exceptions({h11.LocalProtocolError: LocalProtocolError}):
            event = h11.Request(
                method=request.method,
                target=request.url.target,
                headers=request.headers,
            )
        await self._send_event(event, timeout=timeout)

    async def _send_request_body(self, request: Request) -> None:
        timeouts = request.extensions.get("timeout", {})
        timeout = timeouts.get("write", None)

        assert isinstance(request.stream, AsyncIterable)
        async for chunk in request.stream:
            event = h11.Data(data=chunk)
            await self._send_event(event, timeout=timeout)

        await self._send_event(h11.EndOfMessage(), timeout=timeout)

    async def _send_event(
        self, event: h11.Event, timeout: Optional[float] = None
    ) -> None:
        bytes_to_send = self._h11_state.send(event)
        if bytes_to_send is not None:
            await self._network_stream.write(bytes_to_send, timeout=timeout)

    # Receiving the response...

    async def _receive_response_headers(
        self, request: Request
    ) -> Tuple[bytes, int, bytes, List[Tuple[bytes, bytes]], bytes]:
        timeouts = request.extensions.get("timeout", {})
        timeout = timeouts.get("read", None)

        while True:
            event = await self._receive_event(timeout=timeout)
            if isinstance(event, h11.Response):
                break
            if (
                isinstance(event, h11.InformationalResponse)
                and event.status_code == 101
            ):
                break

        http_version = b"HTTP/" + event.http_version

        # h11 version 0.11+ supports a `raw_items` interface to get the
        # raw header casing, rather than the enforced lowercase headers.
        headers = event.headers.raw_items()

        trailing_data, _ = self._h11_state.trailing_data

        return http_version, event.status_code, event.reason, headers, trailing_data

    async def _receive_response_body(self, request: Request) -> AsyncIterator[bytes]:
        timeouts = request.extensions.get("timeout", {})
        timeout = timeouts.get("read", None)

        while True:
            event = await self._receive_event(timeout=timeout)
            if isinstance(event, h11.Data):
                yield bytes(event.data)
            elif isinstance(event, (h11.EndOfMessage, h11.PAUSED)):
                break

    async def _receive_event(
        self, timeout: Optional[float] = None
    ) -> Union[h11.Event, Type[h11.PAUSED]]:
        while True:
            with map_exceptions({h11.RemoteProtocolError: RemoteProtocolError}):
                event = self._h11_state.next_event()

            if event is h11.NEED_DATA:
                data = await self._network_stream.read(
                    self.READ_NUM_BYTES, timeout=timeout
                )

                # If we feed this case through h11 we'll raise an exception like:
                #
                #     httpcore.RemoteProtocolError: can't handle event type
                #     ConnectionClosed when role=SERVER and state=SEND_RESPONSE
                #
                # Which is accurate, but not very informative from an end-user
                # perspective. Instead we handle this case distinctly and treat
                # it as a ConnectError.
                if data == b"" and self._h11_state.their_state == h11.SEND_RESPONSE:
                    msg = "Server disconnected without sending a response."
                    raise RemoteProtocolError(msg)

                self._h11_state.receive_data(data)
            else:
                # mypy fails to narrow the type in the above if statement above
                return event  # type: ignore[return-value]

    async def _response_closed(self) -> None:
        async with self._state_lock:
            if (
                self._h11_state.our_state is h11.DONE
                and self._h11_state.their_state is h11.DONE
            ):
                self._state = HTTPConnectionState.IDLE
                self._h11_state.start_next_cycle()
                if self._keepalive_expiry is not None:
                    now = time.monotonic()
                    self._expire_at = now + self._keepalive_expiry
            else:
                await self.aclose()

    # Once the connection is no longer required...

    async def aclose(self) -> None:
        # Note that this method unilaterally closes the connection, and does
        # not have any kind of locking in place around it.
        self._state = HTTPConnectionState.CLOSED
        await self._network_stream.aclose()

    # The AsyncConnectionInterface methods provide information about the state of
    # the connection, allowing for a connection pooling implementation to
    # determine when to reuse and when to close the connection...

    def can_handle_request(self, origin: Origin) -> bool:
        return origin == self._origin

    def is_available(self) -> bool:
        # Note that HTTP/1.1 connections in the "NEW" state are not treated as
        # being "available". The control flow which created the connection will
        # be able to send an outgoing request, but the connection will not be
        # acquired from the connection pool for any other request.
        return self._state == HTTPConnectionState.IDLE

    def has_expired(self) -> bool:
        now = time.monotonic()
        keepalive_expired = self._expire_at is not None and now > self._expire_at

        # If the HTTP connection is idle but the socket is readable, then the
        # only valid state is that the socket is about to return b"", indicating
        # a server-initiated disconnect.
        server_disconnected = (
            self._state == HTTPConnectionState.IDLE
            and self._network_stream.get_extra_info("is_readable")
        )

        return keepalive_expired or server_disconnected

    def is_idle(self) -> bool:
        return self._state == HTTPConnectionState.IDLE

    def is_closed(self) -> bool:
        return self._state == HTTPConnectionState.CLOSED

    def info(self) -> str:
        origin = str(self._origin)
        return (
            f"{origin!r}, HTTP/1.1, {self._state.name}, "
            f"Request Count: {self._request_count}"
        )

    def __repr__(self) -> str:
        class_name = self.__class__.__name__
        origin = str(self._origin)
        return (
            f"<{class_name} [{origin!r}, {self._state.name}, "
            f"Request Count: {self._request_count}]>"
        )

    # These context managers are not used in the standard flow, but are
    # useful for testing or working with connection instances directly.

    async def __aenter__(self) -> "AsyncHTTP11Connection":
        return self

    async def __aexit__(
        self,
        exc_type: Optional[Type[BaseException]] = None,
        exc_value: Optional[BaseException] = None,
        traceback: Optional[TracebackType] = None,
    ) -> None:
        await self.aclose()


class HTTP11ConnectionByteStream:
    def __init__(self, connection: AsyncHTTP11Connection, request: Request) -> None:
        self._connection = connection
        self._request = request
        self._closed = False

    async def __aiter__(self) -> AsyncIterator[bytes]:
        kwargs = {"request": self._request}
        try:
            async with Trace("receive_response_body", logger, self._request, kwargs):
                async for chunk in self._connection._receive_response_body(**kwargs):
                    yield chunk
        except BaseException as exc:
            # If we get an exception while streaming the response,
            # we want to close the response (and possibly the connection)
            # before raising that exception.
            with AsyncShieldCancellation():
                await self.aclose()
            raise exc

    async def aclose(self) -> None:
        if not self._closed:
            self._closed = True
            async with Trace("response_closed", logger, self._request):
                await self._connection._response_closed()


class AsyncHTTP11UpgradeStream(AsyncNetworkStream):
    def __init__(self, stream: AsyncNetworkStream, leading_data: bytes) -> None:
        self._stream = stream
        self._leading_data = leading_data

    async def read(self, max_bytes: int, timeout: Optional[float] = None) -> bytes:
        if self._leading_data:
            buffer = self._leading_data[:max_bytes]
            self._leading_data = self._leading_data[max_bytes:]
            return buffer
        else:
            return await self._stream.read(max_bytes, timeout)

    async def write(self, buffer: bytes, timeout: Optional[float] = None) -> None:
        await self._stream.write(buffer, timeout)

    async def aclose(self) -> None:
        await self._stream.aclose()

    async def start_tls(
        self,
        ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext,
        server_hostname: Optional[str] = None,
        timeout: Optional[float] = None,
    ) -> AsyncNetworkStream:
        return await self._stream.start_tls(ssl_context, server_hostname, timeout)

    def get_extra_info(self, info: str) -> Any:
        return self._stream.get_extra_info(info)
